IMPORTANT
NOTE: While basic page layout
and pagination has been retained, this is not an exact reproduction of
Funkhouser’s book. Typos and have been
corrected, names have been adjusted to be internally consistent, and in some situations
a more uniform and clearer format has been employed. The few significant changes/additions made
are denoted in otherwise uncalled-for bold
face type.
HISTORY OF
THE CHURCH
OF THE
UNITED
BRETHREN IN CHRIST
VIRGINIA
CONFERENCE
BY
REV. A. P.
FUNKHOUSER A. M., D. D.
[SEE NOTE]
COMPILED
BY
OREN F.
MORTON, B. Lit.
Author of
"Under the Cottonwoods." "Winning or Losing?" "Land
Of the
Laurel," "A Practical History of Music." "The Story of
Daniel
Boone," "A History of Preston County, W. Va.," "A
History of
Pendleton County, W. Va.," "A History of
Highland
County, W. Va.," "A History of Rock-
bridge
County," "Annals of
Bath
County, Va."
Dr.
Funkhouser died before the work was completed. The
material gathered
and the language used by the Author
have been
carefully preserved by the Compiler.
The Virginia Conference ordered the publication of this
History and appointed Drs. A. S. Hammock, W. F. Gruver,
J. H. Brunk, Rev. J. N. Fries, Mr. W. I. Good and J. K.
Ruebush as a committee on publication.
We present to the Church this History which we re-
gard as of the greatest value to the church, not only of
to-day but of the future.
Copyright,
1921
By
RUEBUSH-KIEFFER COMPANY
Dayton,
Virginia
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I Apostolic Christianity
before Otterbein
II William Otterbein and
the German Reformed Church
III Martin Boehm and the
Mennonites
IV German Immigration in
the Eighteenth Century
V The Evangelical
Movement among the German Immigrants
VI Early Years of the
Church
VII Planting the Church in
Virginia
VIII Extracts from Newcomer's
Journal
IX The Early Preachers
X Reminiscences of Some
of the Early Preachers
XI The Transition from
German to English
XII The Church in the War
of 1861
XIII The Church in Recent
Times
XIV Movements toward Union
with Other Churches
XV Concerning Slavery and
Intoxicants
XVI Concerning Secret
Societies
XVII List of Preachers:
Chronological
XVIII List of Preachers: Alphabetical
XIX Bishops, Missionaries,
and Others
XX Biographical Sketches
of Ministers
XXI Early Deaths among Ministers
XXII Church Dedications
XXIII Sketch of A. P. Funkhouser
XXIV The Church and
Education
XV The Virginia Conference
School
XXVI A Digest of the
Conference Minutes
EDITOR'S
FOREWORD
The late A. P. Funkhouser projected a book which, in
treating of the Virginia Conference of the United Brethren
Church, should "include the origin, growth, and develop-
ment of the Church within its bounds, and its distinctive
features, together with portraits and brief biographies of
many of its ministers." For this purpose he gathered a
large and valuable store of material, but did not prepare
a manuscript copy of the projected work. In early May
of the present year, the undersigned was asked by the
owner and custodians of the collection to supply this lack.
In carrying out the commission to compile a manuscript,
the editor has adhered as closely as practicable to the
topical plan found among the papers mentioned. He has
also sought to put himself in the place of the expectant
author. But in constructing several of the chapters made
necessary by the topical plan aforesaid, the collection
afforded little aid. Dr. Funkhouser could undoubtedly
have written these chapters without feeling much need for
documents and other authorities. On the other hand, the
editor had never met Dr. Funkhouser, is not himself of the
United Brethren, and was not previously familiar with the
rise and development of the United Brethren Church. He
was therefore compelled to make large use of source
material not found in the collection. This is why chapters
I to VII inclusive, IX, XI to XVI inclusive, and XXIV and
XXV are, in the main, of his own authorship. In the quoted
paragraphs, without reference as to source, that occur in
some of these chapters, he has followed the phraseology
of Dr. Funkhouser. It is hardly necessary to add that no
writer can take up an outline formulated by another crafts-
man, and pursue it with the same freedom as is possible to
the projector. Rut since the undertaking had to be finished
by some one else, it is hoped that the present volume will,
in at least a fair measure, fulfill the promise implied in the
title. The books and pamphlets not found in the collection,
and consulted by the editor, are these: "History of the
Church of the United Brethren in Christ," by John Law-
rence; "Our Bishops," by H. A. Thompson; "Our
Heroes;
or United Brethren Home Missionaries," by W. M. Weekley
and H. H. Fout; "Landmark History of the United Brethren
Church," by D. Eberly, I. H. Albright, and C. I. B. Brane;
"The German and Swiss Settlements of Colonial Pennsyl-
vania," by Oscar Kuhns; "The German Element in the
Shenandoah Valley," by J. W. Wayland; "History of Rock-
ingham County, Virginia," by J. W. Wayland; "Origin,
Doctrine, Constitution, and Discipline of the United Breth-
ren in Christ (1841);" "Life of J. J.
Glossbrenner," by A.
W. Drury; "Life of William Otterbein," by A. W. Drury;
"Life of David Edwards," by Lewis Davis; "Life and
Career
of James W. Hott," by M. B. Drury; "Life and Journal of
Christian Newcomer," edited by John Hildt; "Michael
Schlatter Memorial Addresses," by J. E. Boiler and others;
"Autobiography of Peter Cartwright," edited by W. P.
Strickland; "History of the Rise and Progress of the Bap-
tists in Virginia," by B. B. Semple; "Life of Jacob
Bachtel,"
by Z. Warner; the published Minutes of the Conference,
1800-1818, and 1880-1920.
The editor is much indebted to Mr. Joseph K. Ruebush
for the helpful interest shown in the undertaking, partic-
ularly in furnishing authorities to supplement the data
gathered by Dr. Funkhouser; also to the Bev. J. E. Hott
for varied and valuable oral information.
OBEN F. MOBTOX.
Dayton, Virginia, August 29, 1919.
1
CHAPTER I
APOSTOLIC
CHBISTIANITY BEFORE OTTERBEIN
The Apostolic Church was the Christian organization
that existed from the days of the apostles to the so-called
conversion of the Roman emperor Constantine, a period
of more than three centuries. There is excellent reason
for the belief that it was made up only of converted men
and women, and that its government and worship were
very simple. There was no liturgy, neither were there any
stately formalities, or any high-sounding ecclesiastical
titles. Whoever believed the Gospel with the heart and
made public confession was baptized and received into
the church. He was then one of the brethren, and this
term was applied without any discrimination as to wealth
or rank. The worship consisted in reading from the
Scriptures, in sermons and exhortations, in the singing of
spiritual songs, in the relations of Christian experience,
and in a simple celebration of the ordinances established
by Christ.
During these three centuries the primitive Christian
Church was a positive power and irresistible force. It
endured persistent and bloody persecution, and yet it made
no compromise with evil. The Christian religion was
preached almost everywhere, and was rapidly advancing
to a general conquest of the world, although this was tak-
ing place without recourse to physical might.
In the fourth century of the Christian era, the Roman
empire was still by far the most dominant political power
on earth. The emperor Constantine accepted Christianity
as a state religion. This alleged conversion is one of the
greatest frauds in all human history. Political expediency
was undoubtedly the commanding motive of this monarch.
The Christian Church now became popular and soon was
growing wealthy. So long as paganism was in control,
2 UNITED BRETHREN
the grandees sneered at the Christians. They now created
high positions in the Church for the gratification of their
pride and power. Preaching ceased, new and strange
doctrines came into vogue, while a petrified ceremonial,
elaborate yet empty, took the place of the primitive wor-
ship. The Church, as it was now constituted, was made
superior to the Bible, and to the mass of the people the
latter became an unknown book. This church of the
Middle Ages was a veneered paganism. It made itself a
supreme political power, and as such it was nothing less
than the Roman empire in a new form. Yet even with
the help of popes and kings, this political church ceased
to expand and began to retreat. For some time it was in
great danger of being overthrown by Mohammedanism.
This dark age in the history of the Christian Church
lasted many centuries. Yet all this while, there were bands
of Christians, sometimes numerous, who maintained the
doctrine, discipline, and spirit of the Apostolic Church.
Their Christianity was a living protest against the cor-
ruption of the papal system, which was willing to tolerate
no other type than its own. These apostolic Christians
consequently drew upon themselves the wrath of the
papacy, which was even worse than that of paganism.
The best known of the early Protestants are the
Waldensees of the southeast of France. They have had
a continuous history for fifteen centuries, and have con-
gregations in America.
Peter Waldo, a merchant of France, translated the
Gospels into French, this being the first translation of any
part of the Bible into a modern tongue. Until now, and
indeed for several more centuries, the papal church used
only a Latin version, which could be understood only by
scholars. It resisted any effort to place the Bible in the
hands of the people generally.
About the year 1400 it is believed there were no fewer
than 800,000 of the Waldensees. They were most numer-
ous in the south of France and the north of Italy, but had
large congregations in what was until a year ago the
CHURCH HISTORY 3
Austrian Empire. Their consistency was such as to force
these words of praise from a papal officer: "They are
orderly and modest in their behavior. They avoid all
appearance of pride in dress. They neither indulge in
finery of attire, nor are they remarkable for being mean
and ragged. They get their living by manual industry.
They are not anxious about amassing riches, but content
themselves with the necessaries of life. Even when they
work they either learn or teach."
Peter Waldo died in Bohemia in 1180. That country
became a stronghold of the early Protestants, and in 1350
it contained 200 of their churches. In the fourteenth cen-
tury their greatest religious teacher was John Hus, who
by means of the basest treachery was burned at the stake
by a papal council. This deed of infamy led to civil war
in Bohemia, but the Hussite commander-in-chief defeated
every army sent against him. After his death, however,
the papal party succeeded by intrigue and persistent mas-
sacre in very nearly uprooting the Hussite church. But
in 1457 the scattered remnants organized a society, giving
it the name of Unitas Fratrum, this Latin expression mean-
ing a Unity of Brothers, or United Brethren. This name
has ever since been retained. But up to the time of the
movement led by Martin Luther, these Christians were
harried by almost constant persecution. Nevertheless, it
was they who in 1470 published the first printed translation
of the Bible into any European language.
In 1474 a delegation of the Brethren was sent out to
see if there were anywhere in Christendom any "congre-
gations free from popish errors, and lived conformably
to the rule of Christ and his apostles, that they might
form a union with them." These men went as far as
Constantinople and Egypt, but could not find what they
were looking for. A deputation traveling in France and
Italy twelve years later found some "upright souls, who
secretly sighed over the prevailing abominations." A synod
of 1489 unanimously resolved that "If it should please
God, in any country, to raise up sincere teachers and re-
4 UNITED BRETHREN
formers in the church, they would make common cause with
them." In conformity therewith, the Brethren sent dele-
gates to Martin Luther, who received them kindly. They
urged the necessity of strict discipline. Luther admitted
that during the time he was a papist his "zeal for religion
made him hate the Brethren and the writing of Hus,"
but could now say that "since the day of the apostle's,
there has existed no church, which, in her doctrine and
rites, has more nearly approximated to the spirit of that
age than the Bohemian Brethren. They far excel us in
the observance of regular discipline, and in this respect
are more deserving of praise than we. Our German people
will not bend under the yoke of discipline."
But the religious wars that followed the death of Luther
were very demoralizing. The Brethren were persecuted
by the Lutherans and the Reformed Church as well as by
the Catholics. They were driven from Prussia to Poland,
where in 1627 a new organization was effected under the
title of the Church of the United Brethren. But in the
same year all their property in what is now Czecho-
slovakia was confiscated, and all their churches and schools
closed. The membership was scattered in all directions.
These United Brethren agreed in doctrine with the
Waldensees. They had superintendents, but recognized
only one order of ministers as of divine appointment. They
laid greater stress on piety, moral conduct, and knowledge
of the Bible, in persons holding the pastoral office, than
on human learning. The head of every family was
required to send his children regularly to church, to
instruct them at home, and to hold family devotions. Their
churches were unadorned, and the sexes sat apart. There
was vocal but no. instrumental music, and there was no
prescribed form of prayer.
In the opinion of the Brethren the Protestant Reforma-
tion accomplished only a part of its mission. They could
not see that the churches that arose from it were molded
according to the apostolic pattern. One formal religion
had been exchanged for another. Few of those who em-
CHURCH HISTORY 5
braced the Protestant faith were inwardly enlightened.
There was little discipline. All who conformed to certain
very easy conditions were recognized as members of the
church for life, although they might be notorious for
impiety and immorality. All grades of unbelievers came
to the communion table. Church and state were united.
Men loved their creeds more than they loved God. They
were orthodox, but only in an intellectual sense.
In 1722, Christian David led a band of United Brethren
refugees to the estate of Count Zinzendorf, a Lutheran
nobleman of Saxony. David had some time before met
some imprisoned Brethren and their influence led to his
conversion. He decided to join the Lutherans, but finding
among them that any person seeking the salvation of his
soul was exposed to jeers and taunts, he enlisted as a
soldier. After his discharge he preached to such of the
Brethren as he could find. On the Zinzendorf lands the
refugees built the village of Herrnhut in a forest. Since
this time they have been commonly known as Moravians.
Count Zinzendorf was born in 1700. Losing his father
in childhood he was reared by a grandmother, who had a
daily prayer meeting in her home. Such a thing was then
regarded as fanatical. The count was religiously inclined
from his childhood, and Herrnhut grew into a flourishing
village. Its people organized themselves into a religious
society in 1727, in which year there was a great revival,
thousands of people assembling to attend the meetings.
Thus arose the Moravian Church, which has been greatly
distinguished by self-sacrifice and by missionary zeal and
success. As early as 1723 some of their missionaries
visited England and were the inspiration of the remarkable
Wesleyan revival of after years. Much of the spirit of
the Moravians was carried into the Methodist movement,
both Wesley and Whitefield having a very warm feeling
for these people.
In 1735 Moravian missionaries reached America, Count
Zinzendorf himself following in 1742. In 1741 Bishop
Spangenburg and others issued a call for any Christians of
6 UNITED BRETHREN
whatsoever name to meet in a convention at Germantown
"to see how near all could come together on fundamental
points." Representatives of all the German sects, and
perhaps others, were present at the meeting on New Year's
day, 1742. The spirit of it was exactly similar to the move-
ment afterward led by Otterbein. The doctrinal spirit of
those taking part in it was Arminian and not Calvinistic.
It was pre-eminently a missionary body.
Yet this movement, begun in so promising a way, was
wrecked by the bitter opposition of the Lutheran and
Reformed pastors, who were opposed to the idea of a
church composed only of converted persons. Wherever
the Moravian missionaries went, they found the seeds of
prejudice sown in advance, to embarrass and in some
degree to frustrate their efforts.
This opening chapter of our book may not at a first
glance seem to have a direct bearing on the history of the
United Brethren in Christ. Yet it will show that the older
bodies bearing almost precisely the same name were pre-
cisely the same in spirit, and also that they had brought
down to our modern era the spirit of the Apostolic Church.
"The number of enlightened Christians, who, before the
rise of Luther, adhered unswervingly to the doctrine and
discipline of the Church which Christ had established, was
very great; and the unblenching testimony they bore
against popery, the evangelical light they dispersed by their
preaching and their circulation of the Scriptures, and the
remarkable heroism displayed by so many thousands,
while suffering a cruel death, did far more to make the
papal power odious, and to prepare the public mind to
respond to the voice of the reformers, than is generally
supposed."
To the above quotation from Lawrence, it may be added
that the very existence of the pre-Reformation Protestants
is an irresistible argument for the correctness of their
views concerning the Apostolic Church. The church as
reorganized by Constantine and his successors has a long
history of bigoted intolerance and savage persecution, and
CHURCH HISTORY 7
is mainly responsible for the religious wars that for several
centuries drenched Europe in blood. Yet it is no more
than fair to state that if the church of the Middle Ages
appears in the light of history as an apostate church, the
Catholic Church of to-day is the product of a counter-
reformation within that church, just as the various Pro-
testant churches are the product of the Protestant
Reformation.
8
CHAPTER II
WILLIAM
OTTERBEIN AND THE GERMAN
REFORMED
CHURCH
The Protestant Reformation began two centuries before
the high tide of German emigration to America. In Ger-
many the reformers split at the very outset into two wings,
the Lutheran and the Reformed churches, the latter bear-
ing much the same relation to the former as the Pres-
byterian Church bears to the Church of England. The
stronghold of the Reformed Church was in Switzerland
and the valley of the Rhine, whence it spread into France
and Holland. In the remainder of Germany, except where
the Catholics retained their hold. Protestantism was repre-
sented almost exclusively by the Lutherans. In each of
the petty monarchies of Germany there was a state church,
and it was either Catholic, Lutheran, or Reformed. Not
one of the three looked with any favor on small sects that
made no claims to being supported by the state.
Despite the general opinion to the contrary, the Refor-
mation was to a great extent superficial. It had to do
with the intellect rather than the heart. Where the
Catholics lost power, another formal religion was set up
in its place. Consequently the Reformation soon began
to lose its original force and at length stagnated.
But as before the Reformation, so it was afterward.
There was still an apostolic element, and it was no longer
confined to the Moravians or the Mennonites.
Philip James Spener was an Alsatian and Lutheran
and died in 1705. It is estimated that 40,000 persons were
converted as a result of his extensive preaching. The
"collegia pietatis" that he established were Bible
classes,
prayer meetings, and class meetings, all in one. Spencer
said he brought religion from the head to the heart. He
insisted that no one but a pious man had any business
in the pulpit. He also condemned all forms of question-
CHURCH HISTORY 9
able amusements. That the clergy, as well as the laity,
of the established churches were enraged at such obvious
truths indicates a very low degree of spirituality. Pietism,
which was the name given to the teachings of Spener,
was the immediate application of Christian teaching to
the heart as well as to the head. Spener and Pietism were
to Germany what Wesley and early Methodism were to
England, and Wesley was greatly influenced by his Ger-
man forerunner.
Pietism, by whomsoever professed, was an emotional
form of religion. But by the year 1800 emotionalism had
died out in Germany, although it lived on in America,
especially among the Americans of German descent. It is
also worthy of remark that Spener made no effort to
establish a new sect. All he sought was to infuse a more
apostolic life into the established churches.
Philip William Otterbein, otherwise known simply as
William Otterbein, was born June 3, 1726,* at Dillenberg,
a town of about 3,000 inhabitants in the valley of the
Rhine. His father, a minister of the German Reformed
Church, was also principal of the Latin school in his home
town. He died in the prime of life, the oldest of his seven
children being only eighteen years of age. The widow
was left with slender means, but like her husband she
had character, piety, and learning. She had the satisfac-
tion of seeing all her six sons complete a collegiate course
of study. As rapidly as the older ones became qualified
to teach, they assumed a leading share in the support of
the household and helped to educate the younger brothers.
All the sons lived to a ripe age. Three of them became
authors. All of them, like their father, their father's father,
and their own sister's husband, became ministers. We are
sometimes told that the sons of preachers are always bad.
Occasionally they are wayward, like some of the boys
*Old Style, and equivalent to June 15 at the present day. The
change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar took place in
England in 1752. The former was then eleven days behind the
correct time. In Germany the change to New Style had previously
taken place.
10 UNITED BRETHREN
from other homes, and when this is the case the fact is
trumpeted about. Far more usually they become men of
substantial qualities.
Herborn Academy, the school in which the Otterbeins
were educated, arose while the Protestant Reformation was
in full vigor, and it was under strong religious influences.
It could almost be classed as a university. In its theological
department the tenets of Calvinism were less rigidly upheld
than was the usual custom in Protestant lands. It is due
to this circumstance that William Otterbein became the
primary founder of a church that is Arminian in its
theology.
It was a German custom for the graduate, if a candidate
for the ministry, to demonstrate his fitness to teach before
he could receive ordination. He was expected to serve
this apprenticeship by being a "house-teacher" in some
well-to-do family. In accordance with this custom William
Otterbein took up the work of tutoring, but when not quite
twenty-two years of age was made an instructor in the
very school where he had been educated. One year later —
June 13, 1749 — he was ordained to the ministry in the
Reformed church of Dillenburg, which was the only house
to worship in the town. He had already been appointed
vicar — assistant preacher — in a small village near by.
But although now a minister he did not cease to teach.
His ministerial duties required him to preach every Sun-
day, and occasionally on other days, and to hold a prayer
meeting once each week. The prayer meeting was then
rare in Germany. It is still rare, although we hear of the
"Bible hour" among groups of South Germans in whom
the religious feeling is particularly strong. During the
four years of pastoral work in his mother country, Otter-
bein laid great stress on a pure life and an active religious
spirit. This aroused some opposition among the worldly-
minded church-goers, and there was an unsuccessful
attempt to muzzle his speech. His mother said the home
town was too narrow for one like him and that he would
have to become a missionary.
CHURCH HISTORY 11
The Dutch Reformed and the German Reformed de-
nominations are sister churches. Aside from the more
rigid Calvinism of the former, and the fact that the one
arose in Holland and the other in Germany, there is no
well marked distinction between them. The Dutch
Reformed Church was the first to appear in America for
the simple reason that New York was at first a Dutch
colony and sent emigrants across the Atlantic before any
came from Germany. Holland was then wealthy, while
Germany was poor. The smaller country was therefore
the better able to contribute to the missionary work so
greatly needed at this time in America. In addition to
their direct contributions, the people of Holland created
a fund of $60,000 — fully equal to $500,000 at the date of
this book — the income from which was applied to mis-
sionary activities beyond the Atlantic. It is much to the
credit of the Hollanders in that intolerant age that they
were willing to come to the relief of the sister church.
In 1746 Michael Schlatter, a native of Switzerland and
a young man of zeal and enthusiasm, arrived in America.
He came to visit the various settlements, and there organize
societies, secure pastors when possible, baptize children,
administer the Lord's Supper, and prepare church records.
In effect, he was a bishop. After five years he returned
to Holland to make a personal report and ask further
assistance, both in missionaries and money. In carrying
out this errand he came to Herborn, the home of the Otter-
beins, and there secured five helpers, one of whom was
William. The mother did not withhold her consent, even
in the face of the strong probability that she would never
see him again in this life. So he went away with her bless-
ing and arrived at New York July 28, 1752. However, a
bronchial ailment had something to do with his leaving
Germany. It was thought the American climate would
prove beneficial. This seems to have been the result, for
William Otterbein reached a greater age than any of his
brothers, although there was at times a recurrence of the
trouble.
12 UNITED BRETHREN
About one month after reaching America Otterbein was
installed as pastor of the German Reformed Church at
Lancaster, then a thrifty Pennsylvania town of 2,000
inhabitants. In importance this congregation ranked
second among the Reformed churches in the colonies. But
discipline and spirituality were at a low ebb. In 1757 he
asked to be relieved but consented to remain another year
on condition that the rules of order which he drew up
should be adopted. These rules were signed by eighty of
the male members of the church, and were so salutary
that they remained in force till about 1830. That Otterbein
did not toil at Lancaster in vain is further evident in the
fact that this city remains a stronghold of the Reformed
Church and is the seat of one of its foremost collegiate
institutions. Furthermore, the small wooden house of
worship was superseded during his ministry by a massive
stone building, used as such for almost a century.
It was during this pastorate that there was a turning-
point in the character and effect of Otterbein's preaching.
In the state-supported churches of that age, religion
was viewed as a form of intellectual education. If an
adult had learned the catechism, had been confirmed, and
partook at stated times of the sacrament of the Lord's
Supper, and, if furthermore, his general deportment pre-
sented no loophole for well-aimed criticism, he was con-
sidered to be a model Christian. But such educational
religion, had no spirituality, because it was not founded
on the new birth. The appeal was to the head and not to
the heart. It was all very well, so far as it went, but it
did not go far enough.
One morning Otterbein preached with more than his
usual fervor and several of his hearers were deeply moved.
At the close of the sermon one of them came forward to
ask counsel. Yet the minister could only reply that
"advice was scarce with him to-day." He awoke to the
discovery that he had been preaching truths he had studied
m a formal manner, but had not adequately experienced.
Almost at once he went to his closest to pray until he
CHURCH HISTORY 13
possessed a more perfect consciousness of personal salva-
tion. This does not necessarily mean that up to this point
he was an unconverted man. It does mean that he was
not satisfied with the ground on which he had been stand-
ing. This explains the answer he gave, many years after-
ward, to a question by Bishop Asbury: "By degrees was
I brought to a knowledge of the truth, while I was at Lan-
caster." From this time forward, Otterbein insisted on a
true spiritual experience as both the privilege and the duty
of every member of any Christian church. It was the be-
ginning of a new and more effective epoch in his ministry.
Hitherto he had used manuscript in his pulpit. Hence-
forward he discarded the practice and preached extempore.
Leaving Lancaster in 1758, Otterbein preached two
years on Tulpehocken Creek, near Reading. He now intro-
duced the week-day evening prayer meeting. To see the
preacher and his flock kneeling at such a time was a novelty
to the people and some of them thought it improper. Even
the pastors of that age sometimes persecuted those who
attended such meetings.
The next pastorate was at Frederick, Maryland, and
continued five years. It was very successful, although the
formalists in the congregation chafed un)der his denial
that an observance of conventional worship has power in
itself to save the unconverted man. At one time a majority
decided upon his abrupt dismissal. Finding the church
door locked, the minister went into the burial ground and
preached from a tombstone. Another service was an-
nounced for the same place the following Sunday. But
this time the door was opened. At Frederick, as at Lan-
caster, one result of his efforts was a substantial house of
worship built of stone.
The fourth American pastorate was at York, Pennsyl-
vania, and lasted from 1765 to 1774, excepting an absence
of about one year, during which he visited the old home
in Germany. He sailed for Europe in April, 1770, having
now been eighteen years in America. His mother and all
his brothers were still living.
14 UNITED BRETHREN
The fifth pastorate, which was not only the last but
the longest, took Otterbein to Baltimore, then a city of
6,000 people. His congregation was small, and did not
acknowledge the authority of the German Reformed
organization. This independent attitude had much to do
with the formation of the United Brethren Church, as will
be explained in a later chapter.
Otterbein came to America as a missionary, and carried
the missionary- spirit with him during all his pastorates,
making long journeys in order to reach people who were
without the gospel. His traveling work began while he
was on the Tulpehocken. He visited all the German coun-
ties of Pennsylvania and Maryland, and went up the Valley
of Virginia as far as Strasburg. He was entirely evange-
lical, cared little for creeds, and less for church names.
In early youth he was deeply impressed by the teachings
of the Pietists, who were to Germany what the Wesleyan
societies were to England. To him and those agreeing with
him religion was almost wholly an inner work, personal
and individual, within the soul, and was effective and of
value only when the personal experience was conscious
of the mystic union of the divine spirit with the human,
witnessing the conscious forgiveness of sins, and produc-
ing a peace of mind which the world could not give. Right
living was to follow as a matter of course, but was a neces-
sary product of a right heart.
Bishop Otterbein was recognized as one of the scholars
of his age. He was familiar with the Greek and Hebrew
languages, and was so much at home in the Latin that he
sometimes wrote the original draft of his sermons in that
tongue. Asbury speaks of him as "one of the best scholars
and the greatest divines in America." But in the line of
authorship he left no evidence of his learning except what
may be gleaned from a few personal letters and the records
of his church work. His industry found expression in
other lines. As a preacher he was argumentative and
eloquent, and an exceptionally clear expounder of the
Scriptures.
CHURCH HISTORY 15
Throughout his long life Otterbein enjoyed the affec-
tionate esteem of great numbers of people, both in his own
and other churches. In his last years he was too infirm
to attend the annual conferences. But as "Father Otter-
bein," he continued to be held in deep veneration. His
personal appearance is thus described by Henry Boehm,
a son of his co-laborer: "In person he was tall, being six
feet high, with a noble frame and a commanding appear-
ance. He had a thoughtful, open countenance, full of
benignity, and a dark-bluish eye that was very expressive.
In reading the lessons he used spectacles, which he would
take off and hold in his left hand while speaking. He had
a high forehead, a double chin, with a beautiful dimple in
the center. His locks were gray, his dress parsonic."
Stevens in his "History of the Methodist Episcopal
Church,"
makes these observations: "Otterbein was large, and very
commanding in his personal appearance, with a prominent
forehead, upon which the seal of the Lord seemed to be
plainly impressed. His Christian kindness and benevolence
knew no bounds, and all he received, like Wesley, he gave
way in charities."
Otterbein's parsonage at Baltimore contained only four
rooms. He was at this time a widower without family.
Anyone who lived with him was required to attend church.
The bishop was sociable and charitable, very regular and
systematic in his habits, and very precise in his costume.
After coming to Baltimore, he gave up wearing a clerical
gown in the pulpit and preached in the attire of a citizen.
He was opposed to church organs, and he did not believe
a Freemason could be a Christian.
William Otterbein died at Baltimore, November 17, 1813,
at the age of eighty-seven years, having spent sixty-five
years in the Christian ministry. That the funeral exercises
for the venerable bishop were conducted by ministers of
the Lutheran, Methodist, and Episcopal churches is a
significant witness to the breadth of his sympathies.
For several years Otterbein had been too infirm to
travel outside of Baltimore. Only six weeks before his
16 UNITED BRETHREN
death he was assisted from his bed to an easy chair that
he might ordain Christian Newcomer, Joseph Hoffman,
and Frederick Schaeffer, two of whom became bishops.
The certificates of ordination were written in English as
well as in German.
17
CHAPTER
III
MARTIN
BOEHM AND THE MENNONITES
The Mennonite Church was founded in Switzerland in
1522, and very soon it spread into Germany, Holland, and
France. Persecution was prompt to appear, and it is
claimed that in nearly every instance the Mennonite can
trace his ancestry to some forbear who was burned at the
state or tortured. Protestantism was represented in
Switzerland by the Reformed Church, and the churchly
pride which this denomination had inherited from the
mother church, the Roman Catholic, led it to look upon
the Mennonites as contemptible. It persecuted the new
sect as cheerfully as did the Lutherans or the Catholics.
One of the ways of contending with what was deemed a
heresy was to drown the Mennonite offender. This was
looked upon as baptizing him in his own way.
Menno Simon, a Catholic priest, espoused the cause of
the harassed people, gave them his name, and added the
principle of non-resistance to their creed. Between 1670
and 1710 large numbers were driven to Austria and Russia
by the Protestants of their home-lands because they re-
fused to have their children baptized. The first to appear
in America were a little party who came in the fall of
1683 at the solicitation of William Penn. Their first meet-
ing-house was built at Germantown in his colony in 1708.
When the war for American independence rose, the Amer-
ican Mennonites had 13 congregations and 15 bishops.
There are now about 60,000 members in the United States.
The Mennonite Church came into existence as an effort
to bring back to life the primitive Christian Church, accord-
ing to Menno's conception of it. There are points of re-
semblance between the German Mennonites and the English
Quakers, and this is why William Penn showed them so
much hospitality. Both sects practice simplicity in per-
sonal attire, have no paid ministers, and refuse to make
18 UNITED BRETHREN
formal oaths or to perform military service. It was their
opposition to war that made them particularly obnoxious
to the Swiss. The government of Switzerland ruled that
those of its people who were unwilling to bear arms in
the defense of the state were undeserving of its protec-
tion. They had no theology. "Believe and let believe,"
was their motto. The Mennonites go so far in the direc-
tion of pacifism as to forbid their members from engaging
in personal combat. They are much opposed to the baptism
of infants. They do not countenance secret societies,
neither do they accept civil office or exercise the right of
suffrage. Among their religious practices are the anointing
with oil, the kiss of charity, and the washing of feet. What-
ever may be thought of their views on non-resistance and
on non-participation in civic life, the Mennonites have
always been noted for temperance, pure living, strict
honesty, and conscientious devotion to the observances of
their creed. But the Mennonites of colonial America
allowed the spiritual side of religion to fall into very great
neglect. They drifted into a hidebound formalism, which
made them extremely exact in matters of costume, and to
insist on a precise morality in the affairs of everyday
conduct.
Mennonites were among the very earliest settlers in the
Valley of Virginia, yet it was almost a century before they
built any special house of worship. The first was Frissel's,
near Baker's mill, three miles west of Broadway. It is
now called the Brush church and was built in 1822.
Meyer's meeting house, on the Valley Pike, was built about
three years later.
From the settlement north of Woodstock the younger
generation pushed up the Valley and occupied the region
about Timberville, Broadway, and Turleytown. From the
thirty families around Coote's store, numbers moved south
and west from Harrisonburg. Here was a district of wood-
land so late as 1780. The previous sparse population of
English and Scotch-Irish cabin-dwellers, each controlling
from 600 to 1,000 acres, lived mainly by hunting and
CHURCH HISTORY 11
fishing.
About 1825 there was a schism among the Mennonites
of Rockingham county. It came about through the asso-
ciation of Frederick Rhodes, one of their preachers, with
the United Brethren of the congregation at Whitesel's.
About one-half the Mennonite body took offense at the
loud and earnest preaching of Rhodes, and not because of
the doctrines he set forth or of taking an active part in
the meetings of the Brethren. Peter Eby and three other
ministers came from Pennsylvania and restored harmony.
They ruled that Rhodes had not transgressed the gospel.
Martin Boehm, son of a Swiss immigrant, was born in
Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, November 30, 1725. His
father, reared as a member of the Reformed Church, fell
under the influence of the Pietists. For this lapse into what
was deemed a heresy, he was denounced by his parents as
well as his pastor, and was sentenced to jail. But he
escaped to France, and in 1715 made his way to America,
where he became a Mennonite, his wife being of the same
faith.
The alert intellectuality of the son atoned in a great
degree for his meager educational opportunities. He had
a clear and ready grasp of ideas, and was a fluent speaker
in German, learning also to express himself in English.
His gift of expression caused him to be selected as a
preacher when thirty-three years old. Even then, how-
ever, he was diffident and tongue-tied in his first attempts
to exhort. Like Otterbein he now realized that he had no
gospel message for the people until he had been made
a new man by the power of the Holy Spirit. This radical
change came as an answer to long continued prayer for
light and guidance. Thenceforward he was eloquent and
effective. The necessity of the new birth was the keynote
of his preaching. Some of his Mennonite brethren accepted
the doctrine, while others thought him a fanatic. Never-
theless, he was advanced to the rank of bishop in the
Mennonite Church in 1759.
But Otterbein and Boehm were not alone. Certain
20 UNITED BRETHREN
"New Light" preachers from the Valley of Virginia were
presenting the same gospel message to the German-speak-
ing people. The New Lights were the followers of George
Whitefield, an English evangelist who traveled extensively
in America. The Mennonite settlers of the Valley listened
to these disciples with interest. They had no ministers
of their own, neither were they yet organized into societies
They now sent for a minister and Boehm responded to the
call. His missionary labors in Virginia were very helpful
to himself as well as the people. After his return to
Pennsylvania he thought it was no longer his duty to con-
fine his efforts to his own neighborhood. He preached
wherever he felt impelled to Co. As before, some of the
Mennonites listened to his teachings with approval and
some with astonishment. The voice of opposition proved
itself the stronger force. Articles of indictment were drawn
up and Boehm was expelled from the Mennonite com-
munion, yet his Christian character was not questioned,
and he could now preach with more freedom than ever
At length he turned over the care of his farm to his son
so that he might now give his whole time to evangelistic
work. After 1789 his ministerial career is a part of the
history of the United Brethren Church.
Bishop Boehm died March 12, 1812, at the advanced
age of eighty-six years. He was hale and strong almost to
the very last, and could ride a horse until his final and very
brief illness. His longevity was inherited by his son
Henry, who preached a sermon in the city of New York
on his one hundredth birthday.
Doctor Drury speaks of
Martin Boehm as "a short, stout man, with a vigorous
constitution an intellectual countenance, and a fine flowing
beard which gave him in his later years a patriarchal
appearance. " Boehm was always plain and simple in
costume, and seems never to have discarded the severely
plain attire of the Mennonites. His estimable personal
qualities and his sincere Christian character made him
deeply revered in the church he helped to found and very
much respected by other denominations.
21
CHAPTER IV
GERMAN
IMMIGRATION IN THE EIGHTEENTH
CENTURY
The well informed American knows that the United
States is a nation of 48 states and more than 100,000,000
people. In some particular respects it is outranked, here
by one country and there by another. Yet the substantial
fact remains that in a massing of the fundamental features
of national greatness, the American Republic stands first
in what was styled, until 1914, the sisterhood of nations.
In 1783 it was neither populous nor rich. To-day it is the
wealthiest country on the face of the globe, the richest in
natural resources, and the strongest in physical might.
It requires no far-reaching examination of the census
returns to learn that among the Protestant bodies the
Methodists and Baptists are easily in the lead. Next, but
at some distance, follow the Presbyterians, Lutherans,
Episcopalians, Christians, and Congregationalists. The de-
nominations that are still smaller are more numerous, and
it is among these that the one known as the United Breth-
ren in Christ is classified. Yet it must be remembered that
the larger communions, and many of the smaller as well,
are made up of aggregations independent of one another.
The census of 1890 enumerates 141 distinct religious
organizations. Yet not one of the number is supported by
the General government or by the government of any state.
A rapid survey of the America of 1752 will be of much
interest. It was in that year that William Otterbein came to
America after spending nearly four months in crossing
the Atlantic on a sailing vessel.
There was not yet any political bond between the thir-
teen colonies that were to become the first members of
the Federal Union. They were still a part of the British
realm and prospectively the most important part. The
million and a half of inhabitants — less than the present
22 UNITED BRETHREN
population of the little state of Maryland — were scattered
a thousand miles along the Atlantic coast. There were
very few indeed who lived more than seventy miles inland
from the very shore itself. Only a few thousands were in
the recently settled country west of the Blue Ridge. Phila-
delphia, Boston, and New York were the largest cities, and
not one of the three was much more populous than Staun-
ton, Va., is now. America was mainly an agricultural land.
There was an active commerce by sea, but no industrial
establishments which now would be considered worthy of
any mention. There were only five colleges, and except
in the New England section there were no free schools. In
the other colonies schooling was looked upon as a private
interest, to be purchased and paid for like a suit of clothes.
America was a new country and in a general sense it was
crude. Yet it was a prosperous land. Furthermore, the
Americans already regarded themselves as a people' dis-
tinct from any other. They had a higher level of intelligence
than was true of England, and they had a higher sense of
civic spirit than the inhabitants of the British Isles. They
were proud of their local institutions, jealous of their
political rights, and were convinced that the future held
much in store for them.
But there was no multiplicity of religious denominations
in 1752. Religion was free only in Rhode Island and
Pennsylvania. The first of these colonies was founded by
Baptists and the second by Quakers. Elsewhere the Euro-
pean practice prevailed and there was a state church,
supported by public taxation. To a certain extent all adults
were expected to attend its services. In two of the four
New England colonies the state church was the Congrega-
tional, which under the name of Independent, ranked
as the establishment in England during Cromwell's rule.
In nine of the colonies the Church of England was in
power, the same as in England itself. When the Hollanders
founded New York they introduced their own national
church, the Dutch Reformed, and it is in New York that
this denomination has its chief foothold in America to-day.
CHURCH HISTORY 23
The Presbyterian was the state church of Scotland, and
the very heavy Scotch-Irish immigration, beginning in
earnest about 1725, gave that sect a very strong following,
particularly all along the inland frontier. The half-century,
1725-1775, witnessed a very large German inflow. In this
way the Lutheran, the state church of the Protestant Ger-
man monarchies, appeared in the Middle Colonies and in
Maryland and Virginia. Nearly all this German element
was from the upper valley of the Rhine, especially Switzer-
land and the Palatinate. And since the German Reformed
Church was well represented in this very region, that de-
nomination also came to America. Still other Germans
were Moravians or were Mennonites of various branches.
The denominations we have named are substantially
all that were represented in America of 1752. They origi-
nated in Europe, and with the exception of the Baptists,
Quakers, Mennonites, and Moravians, they began there
as state churches.
Several organizations very strong in America to-day
were then quite unknown. This is conspicuously true of the
Methodist Church, which began as a society within the
Church of England, and did not become an independent
body in America until 1784. It was unknown in 1752 and
had little more than a thousand members in 1774. Alexan-
der Campbell was not yet born, and consequently the
church founded by him was still in the future.
It is in place to say something more about established
churches. Two centuries before the birth of Otterbein it
was strictly true that there was but one church in all West-
ern Europe. This church was the Roman Catholic. There
was a small wave of dissent, but it was the customary prac-
tice to hunt down the objector as though he were a wild
beast. If emphatic persuasion would not silence his voice
he was put out of the way as though a positive danger
to society. Toward the middle of the sixteenth century,
Henry VIII broke with Rome and within the borders of
England he took the place of the pope as the head of the
church. For a while there was no other conspicuous point
24 UNITED BRETHREN
Of difference between the Church of Rome and the Church
of England. But within the latter body an influence sprang
up which conformed its theology to the Protestant standard,
while making little alteration in its ritual and its forms
of worship, so far as outward appearance was concerned.
Somewhat the same thing happened in Germany. Under
the lead of Martin Luther a large portion of Northern
Europe threw off all allegiance to Rome, and adopted the
creed on which the Protestant Reformation had rested its
cause. Yet the externals of worship in the Lutheran
Church, as in the Church of England, were much the same
as in the mother church. This is an illustration of the
fact that mankind is far more prone to effect a change
by steps and not by jumps. A large section of the Prot-
estant world did not consider the change radical enough,
and the Calvinistic creed was the result. Thus arose the
Calvinistic churches; the Presbyterian in Scotland, the
Independent in England, the Dutch Reformed in Holland,
the German Reformed in Switzerland and the south of Ger-
many, and the Huguenot, or French Protestant Church, in
France.
Before the coming of the Reformation and for many
years afterward, it was generally believed that no country
should permit more than one church organization within
its confines. The church and the civil authority were
viewed as the twin pillars that supported the state. It was
plain that no state could endure if it were to tolerate any
rival political organization inside of its borders. How,
then, it was argued, could there safely be more than one
standard of religious belief within a state? Religious dis-
sent was viewed with anger and horror, just as anarchy
and bolshevism are viewed in the political world to-day.
But the spirit of that age was more than intolerant. It
was cruel. The religious remonstrant was boycotted, both
socially and religiously. This policy alone was severe
enough in its practical effect. But if relatively mild
measures did not affect the desired result, the heretic was
burned at the stake, or was skinned and disemboweled in
CHURCH HISTORY 25
the hideous belief that his torture in this world meant the
salvation of his soul for the next.
The Church of Rome tried to stamp out Protestantism,
root and branch. It nearly succeeded in France and more
fully succeeded in some other regions. In Germany it was
obliged to come to terms. An agreement was reached
whereby each of the petty states into which Germany was
then divided should choose between Catholicism and
Protestantism.
Religious toleration was not by any means a first fruit
of the Reformation. The early Protestants were them-
selves intolerant. Freedom of conscience was not recog-
nized until torrents of blood had flowed on the battlefields
of Europe. When brave, stubborn men fought other men
as brave and stubborn as themselves, each party found at
length that the only way out of the difficulty was to agree
to live and let live. It was next found out that unity in
political government and unity in church organization do
not rest on the same base. It was gradually discovered
that the assumed peril to the state in permitting more than
one sect within its borders was a mere creature of the
imagination. Nevertheless, toleration was resisted in
Europe, inch by inch, year by year, and had not become
generally accepted at the time when Otterbein sailed for
America. And even after intolerance had lost the support
of the civil arm of the state, its spirit survived in the form
of animosity between sect and sect. Instead of presenting
a united front against the manifold forces of evil, the
Protestant churches scattered their energies by persistently
firing into each other's ranks. This spirit has been waning
a long while, yet it is a matter of common observation that
it is still a force to be reckoned with.
Religious toleration grew out of the Reformation, al-
though the non-Catholic churches persecuted freely and
even severely, burning some of the more prominent offen-
ders at the stake. The Church of Rome went further and
resorted to wholesale massacre. The Huguenots of France
were either murdered or had to get out of their native land
26 UNITED BRETHREN
the easiest way possible. The government of England
worried the Protestant non-conformists as well as the
Catholics.
Crime perpetrated in the name of religion was the lead-
ing cause in the peopling of America. Thus were driven
the Puritans to New England, the Quakers to Pennsylvania,
the Catholics to Maryland, and the Presbyterians to the
Middle Colonies.
The tragedy of the Thirty Years War, occurring in the
first half of the seven teeth century, shook Germany to its
foundations. Three-fourths of its population perished,
and the country was set back one hundred and fifty years
in its civilization. In this long drawn out contest religious
and political ambitions were interwoven. But war con-
tinued to follow war at short intervals, and the Germans
had a surfeit of strife that lasted until the full development
of militarism since 1860.
On the left bank of the Rhine and adjacent to the
frontier of France is the fine region known as the Pala-
tinate. It is one-half the size of New Jersey and is justly
called the garden spot of Germany. The Palatines, as the
inhabitants are called, possess the steadiness, thorough-
ness, and industry that are characteristic of the German
nation. They are good gardeners and are fond of flowers.
John Fiske has remarked that in going from Strasburg
to Rotterdam by way of the Palatinate, "one is perpetually
struck with the general diffusion of intelligence, refine-
ment, strength of character, and personal dignity."
One of the later episodes of the intermittent warfare
of which we have just spoken was the devastation of this
fertile province. Three times was it laid waste within
twenty years, the last time — in 1693 — with a ferocity
which recalls the far more horrible doings of the German
armies in Belgium and France in 1914-18. Dwellings were
burned, orchards were cut down, wells were filled up, and
cemeteries were violated. This havoc is justly regarded
as one of the darkest pages in the history of Europe,
although it has been cast into the background by the
CHURCH HISTORY 27
diabolic infamies perpetrated during the recent war by the
express command of the German government.
The Palatines were almost wholly Protestant at this
time, and they suffered because they were not Catholics.
But although their oppressors had the power to make them
homeless and destitute, they could not make them recant.
William Penn visited the Rhine and addressed the refugees
in their own tongue. He invited them to go to his colony
of Pennsylvania. A few of them migrated as early as 1683,
and founded German town, then six miles from Philadel-
phia, but now a part of that city. One of the emigrants
wrote back that, "what pleases me here is that one can be
peasant, scholar, priest, and nobleman at the same time."
Favorable reports like this were certain to induce further
emigration. After 1702, and particular after 1726, the
German emigration became heavy. It was the Palatinate
that supplied the greater share of the comers from the
valley of the Rhine, in the period, 1725-1775. A smaller
share came from Switzerland. This little country did not
suffer ill the Thirty Year's war and remained prosperous.
But Switzerland was feudalistic at that time and there was
little real freedom for the mass of the inhabitants. The
Swiss emigrated to better their condition, the Palatines to
escape the tyranny and corruption of their new government.
The remaining portion of the German immigration to
America was chiefly from Wurtemburg. Thus it will be
seen that this German influx was almost exclusively from
the upper part of the valley of the Rhine. Except for the
few Moravians from Saxony, the north of Germany had
no hand in the movement. The South Germans differ from
the Prussians, who are not true Germans, but Germanized
Slavs. Yet neither are the people of the upper Rhine typical
Germans. The black hair and dark complexion they so
frequently exhibit are due to a very extensive blend with
an earlier and brunette population. This helps to explain
why the Alsatians, though speaking a dialect of German,
are so thoroughly French in sentiment.
When the Palatines began coming, the only settled por-
28 UNITED BRETHREN
tion of Pennsylvania was the southeast corner. Here were
the English Quakers, a sprinkling of Swedes, and the clus-
ter of earlier comers at Germantown. The Scotch-Irish
were also pouring in. When it came to a "showdown,"
there was no very cordial welcome for the deluge of
strangers that bade fair to submerge the population al-
ready on the ground. The Scotch-Irish spoke English but
were not meek nor easy to get along with. The Germans
did not speak English, and some of their customs were un-
familiar. (Nevertheless, they were from the industrial
classes of Germany.) They were intelligent, moral, self-
sacrificing, and most of them were religiously inclined.
"No people in America were so subject to religious excite-
ment as the Germans of the eighteenth century." They
became so numerous in the colony that Benjamin Franklin
began the publication of a German newspaper in 1734.
Certain restrictive laws were enacted by the provincial
government. One of these required all German immigrants
to swear allegiance to the British government as a condi-
tion of their admission to the province. The records kept
as a result of this act give the name of the ship, the port
from which it sailed, the date of its arrival, and the names
of its passengers. These records are therefore of much
genealogic interest.
Entire counties of Pennsylvania, such as Lancaster,
York, Berks, Bucks, and Montgomery, were occupied al-
most wholly by these German immigrants. The wave
overflowed into the counties of Frederick and Washington
in Maryland.
In 1727 began the peopling of "New Virginia," which
name was then applied to the section of Virginia between
the Blue Ridge and the Alleghenies. Along and near the
Potomac this district was settled mainly by English and
Scotch-Irish pioneers. But southward from Winchester,
nearly to the hue between Rockingham and Augusta, the
German element was much in the lead. Augusta was
founded by the Scotch-Irish and had at first almost no Ger-
mans at all. Of the two classes the Scotch-Irish were the
CHURCH HISTORY 29
more venturesome, although the Germans liked plenty of
elbow room on behalf of their descendants. So the former
exhibited a strong propensity to sell out and get nearer,
ever nearer, to the inland frontier. Their places were
often taken by the Germans. By the operation of this
tendency, the German blood in varying but generally large
proportions, is now found throughout the great length of
the Valley of Virginia.
Nearly all the German settlers arrived by way of
Pennsylvania. A small number came across the Blue Ridge
from the colony on the upper Rapidan founded by Gover-
nor Spottswood about 1710.
In 1775, one-third of the 300,000 inhabitants of Pennsyl-
vania were of German birth or parentage. So far as they
adhered to any church, they were of the German Reformed,
Lutheran, and Mennonite faiths, the strength of the three
bodies being in the order of their mention. As with all
the border communities of that day there was much lapsing
with respect to religious conduct. Many of the settlements
were without pastors, houses of worship, or organized
societies. There was much laxity in manners and morals,
and consequently a great need of missionary effort. The
German pastors were so few that they could seldom visit
a frontier neighborhood oftener than once or twice a year.
In the early spring of 1748, Gottschalk, a Moravian mis-
sionary, speaks thus of the Massanutten settlement, situ-
ated on the South Branch of Shenandoah river just above
the Luray valley: "Many Germans live there. Most of them
are Mennisten (Mennonites), who are in a bad condition.
Nearly all religious earnestness and zeal is extinguished
among them. Besides them, a few church people live
there, partly Lutheran, partly Reformed." Gottschalk was
much hindered in his efforts by the opposition of the resi-
dent Lutheran pastor, and the prejudice aroused by stories
circulated against the Moravians. In the fall of the same
year two missionaries of this sect were journeying up the
valley of the South Fork in what is now Pendleton county.
They appointed a preaching service in the house of a Ger-
30 UNITED BRETHREN
man living a few miles above where Brandywine now
stands. The congregation was made up almost wholly of
women and children. The men of the settlement were
hunting bear in Shenandoah Mountain. The valley had
been settled only about three years, and the style of living
is described in the journal of these missionaries as primitive
in the extreme. They did not hesitate to call it a near
approach to savagery. By a much more recent writer it
is thus described:
"The food, clothing, furniture and mode of life among
the early German settlers were very plain and simple. They
drank nothing but water and milk (sometimes garden tea),
except Sunday morning, when they always had coffee.
Meat was seldom eaten, and in their time it was considered
something quite extra to have meat on the table. At din-
ner time only, did they have meat, and then the father
would cut it in small pieces, give to each one of the family
his allotted share, and with that they had to be satisfied.
During the greater part of the year they had hot mush and
cold milk for supper, and cold mush and warm milk for
breakfast. It would have been considered extravagant to
have the mush fried in fat. Soup, of different kinds, was
much used. The plates from which they ate were made
of pewter, and the cups from which they drank were
earthen mugs. They used no table cloths. The father sat
at one end of the table; the mother at the other. The chil-
dren stood, sometimes sat, along each side of the table and
ate their meal in silence: there was little talking at the
table. Each one ate what was placed before him without
murmuring. A blessing was asked before every meal by
the father or mother. As soon as the children were old
enough to understand the meaning, they were taught short
prayers which they would pray in regular order, each one
his particular and distinct prayer, commencing with the
oldest and ending with the youngest. No carpets graced
the floor but every Saturday it was scoured clean and white
with sand and water. The furniture was as simple as the
fare. On each side of the hearth a square block was made
CHURCH HISTORY 31
stationary for a seat. Benches and home-made chairs with
seats plaited with split hickory were used. Several beds
and a few chests made up the principal part of the furni-
ture. They lived in this plain and simple way but they
were comfortable, and what is better still, they were con-
tented."
By what has been set forth in the above paragraphs
it is possible to gain a close idea of social and religious
conditions in 1752 in the region now covered by the Vir-
ginia Conference of the United Brethren Church. It was
a very new country. It was the American West of 1752
in just as real a sense as the line of the middle Missouri
was the American West of 1860. In each instance there
was much recklessness among the frontiersmen, and there
was a falling away from the standard of active religious
life in the homeland.
In closing this chapter our attention is called to the
circumstance that, with the one exception of the Quakers,
all the religious pacifists in colonial America were Ger-
mans. Was not the growth of these German sects pro-
foundly aided by the social turmoil growing out of the
religious wars of the seventeenth century? And did not
this very turmoil engender among those who suffered from
it a deep-seated antipathy to warfare? Perhaps the tenet
of non-resistance, adopted by several of the German sects,
was primarily a protest against efforts to advance the cause
of religion by the use of military power. It was but a step
further to object to political as well as religious wars.
32
CHAPTER V
THE
EVANGELICAL MOVEMENT AMONG THE
GERMAN
IMMIGRANTS
In our last chapter we spoke of a lack of religious
teaching among the German settlers along the inland
frontier. A similar fact was true of the Scotch-Irish, who
were the dominant element on the same border. In the
older communities, on and near the Atlantic seaboard, the
religious privileges were as good as were known anywhere
in that century. But there was a state church in eleven
of the thirteen colonies, its houses of worship and its par-
sonages were paid for out of public taxation, and its minis-
ters were, either in part or altogether, supported in the
same manner. Where the Church of England prevailed,
the rector was provided with a farm, and this was called
a glebe. The rectors were selected by the higher authorities
of the church, and not by the congregations to whom they
ministered.
There was an unfortunate side of the influence of a
church supported by the civil government and by public
taxation. There was an almost irresistible drift to an
accepted standard of merely formal piety, such as is spoken
of in our sketch of William Otterbein. It was often the
case that the minister was as worldly-minded as the aver-
age man of the community. If under such circumstances
there was any spiritual life in a congregation, it was in
spite of the system and not as a consequence of it. The
ministers of the Presbyterian, Congregational, and Re-
formed churches, all which were kindred denominations,
had a very real interest in the well-being of the people
under their care. But in their preaching there was too
little of the reformatory and too much of the dogmatic
and argumentative. And the prevalence in these com-
munions of very long pastorates, even of fifty and sixty
years, led to routine methods, spiritual sluggishness, and
CHURCH HISTORY 33
churchly dry-rot. In a word, formalism in religion was
everywhere the rule and not the exception. The times
were very much in need of a loosening up of the parched
surface. In Germany, something was being dene in this
direction by the Moravians and the Pietists; in England,
by the Wesleys, whose methods were substantially the same
as those of Spener, the founder of the Pietists; in America,
by Wesleyan missionaries, by the New Lights, and at a
later period by the founders of the Cumberland Presby-
terian Church.
In a political sense the American Revolution was a good,
but from another point of view it was an evil. It inter-
rupted the peaceful trend of the evangelistic movement.
Partly through the influence of foreigners, the free thought
then so rampant in Europe was scattered broadcast on the
American soil. Religion was discredited by the formalism
so often seen among the church people. In the popular
estimation it was looked upon as a lifeless garment which
might as well be thrown aside. Thus was prepared a con-
genial field for the nurture of infidelity and near-infidelity.
Experimental religion was deemed weak and silly. Family
worship was thought to be affectation, and many of the
ministers themselves gloried in letting it alone. Among
the students at Yale College in 1795 were only about five
members of any church. William and Mary, which was
the only college in Virginia, was a hotbed of unbelief.
Bishop Meade of the Episcopal Church said in 1810 that
nearly every educated young Virginian was a skeptic. The
same fact was generally true of the professional men in all
the states. In short, the Christian religion was held in
scorn and it was the common opinion that it was outworn
and would soon pass out of existence. Gross drunkenness
was not only an everyday occurrence, but it was almost as
common among ministers and other church members as
among people in general.
The portrait of the times that has been drawn in the
last paragraph is startling. And yet its accuracy is attested
by the best of evidence. After 1825 there was a marked
34 UNITED BRETHREN
improvement with respect to religion and temperance, but
this only emphasizes the fact that during the long period
between 1750 and 1825 — the lifetime of an elderly per-
son — America was sadly in need of evangelical instruction.
As in the instances of Otterbein and Boehm, there were
a few evangelistic reformers in all the churches. Finding
themselves lonesome in the stifling atmosphere of their
own denominations, they leaped over sectarian lines and
sought each other's society in religious gatherings. These
gatherings developed into the "big meetings" held in
barns
and groves, owing to the lack of church buildings of suf-
ficient size.
Our narrative now brings us to the memorable meeting
between Otterbein and Boehm. It took place in the large
barn of Isaac Long in Lancaster county in Pennsylvania.
There were more people present than could get into the
huge structure. Those who crowded into the barn were
addressed by Boehm. An overflow meeting in the orchard
was conducted by one or more of the "Virginia preachers"
who were present. The New Light followers of White-
field in the Valley of Virginia were known as the "Virginia
preachers." The meeting took place on Whitsunday, and
the year is believed to have been 1768. Otterbein had left
the city of Lancaster and was preaching on the Tulpe-
hocken. Boehm had not yet been disfellowshiped by the
Mennonites. The crowd at Long's was made up of Ger-
mans and the preaching was in the German language.
Perhaps all the distinctively German sects then known in
America were represented at this meeting. In what way
Otterbein came to be here is not known. There was little
in common between the Reformed and the Mennonite
churches, and there was a great lack of cordiality in the
relations between them. But Otterbein sat on the plat-
form near Boehm and listened to that minister with warm-
hearted appreciation. At the close of the sermon he clasped
Boehm in his arms with the significant exclamation: "We
are brethren." From this time forward, these two men,
dissimilar in training and education, were united in the
CHURCH HISTORY 35
firm bonds of religious fellowship. Early tradition has it
that at the close of this meeting Otterbein, Boehm, and
the Virginia preachers entered into a form of union on
some simple yet definite conditions. Even the official name
of the United Brethren in Christ is believed to date from
the exclamation by Otterbein.
In fellowship with the leaders of such meetings as this,
Otterbein found what he desired. The leaders were at
first regular authorized ministers of various Protestant
sects. But in evangelical spirit they stood on common
ground. Thus came into being the ministerial intimacy
between the scholarly Otterbein and the comparatively
unlettered farmer-preachers, Boehm and Newcomer. An-
other associate was Guething, a Reformed minister, yet
with only enough education to teach a country school.
However, Otterbein was not without other congenial
spirits in his own church. Hendel, Wagner, Hautz, Henop,
and Weimer were brother ministers who agreed with him
as to methods. Adopting the system of Spener, they formed
in the spring of 1774 the society known as "The United
Ministers." They formed classes within their own con-
gregations and congregations that were without pastors.
General meetings were held twice a year, "that those thus
united may encourage one another, pray and sing in unison,
and watch over one another's conduct. All those who are
thus united are to take heed that no disturbances occur
among them, and that the affairs of the congregations be
conducted and managed in an orderly manner." But the
war for American Independence seems to have worked a
suspension of these efforts.
We have remarked that it was an independent congre-
gation of the Reformed Church to which Otterbein was
called in 1774. It had had a pastor whose ministrations
were very formal and whose life was inconsistent. The
evangelical minority seceded in 1771, called Benedict Swope
as their pastor, bought a lot, and built a frame house, suc-
ceeded in 1786 by the historic brick church now standing
on the spot. The title to the property was not vested in
36 UNITED BRETHREN
the Reformed Church at all, but in chosen members of
the congregation. After a long drawn out law suit the
validity of the title was upheld. The authorities of the
Reformed Church tried without success to bring about a
reconciliation. In 1774 Otterbein, who was already no
stranger in Baltimore, was called. This independent body
styled itself an "Evangelical Reformed" church, and was
not definitely received into the United Brethren fold until
1817. It did not acknowledge the authority of the Re-
formed synod, nor was it disowned by that body. But in
theology Otterbein's church was Arminian, while the
Reformed Church upheld Calvinism. The class-meeting
adopted as a feature of the Baltimore church, was unknown
to the Reformed Church. The congregation adopted its
own rules of government.
In substance these rules were as follows: Each member
was to attend faithfully at all times of worship, and to per-
form no business or needless travel on Sunday; family
worship was enjoined on all members, and offenses between
member and member were to be dealt with as in the eigh-
teenth chapter of Matthew; the slanderer was first to be
admonished privately, then, if necessary, openly rebuked
in class-meeting; members of other churches were ad-
mitted to communion, and persons who were not members
were admitted by consent of the vestry if no objection were
made. Still other rules were these: There was to be a
class-meeting each week, an evening session for the men,
a day-time session for the women. No person was to be
admitted to such meeting unless resolved to seek his salva-
tion and obey the disciplinary rules. The meetings were
to begin and end with singing and prayer. Persistent
absence without cause was to work expulsion. No preacher
was to be retained who upheld predestination or the per-
severance of the saints, or who was out of harmony with
the disciplinary rules and the modes of worship, and on an
accusation of immorality he might at once be suspended.
One of the highest duties was to watch over the rising
youth. There was to be one day of fasting in the spring and
CHURCH HISTORY 37
one in the fall. A parochial school with instruction in the
German tongue was to be established. The pastor, the
three elders, and the three trustees were to constitute the
vestry, which was the custodian of all deeds and other
papers of importance. A highly significant rule was that
the pastor was to care for the various churches in Mary-
land, Pennsylvania, and Virginia that were supervised by
Otterbein and "in unity with us," and to give all
possible
encouragement to lay preachers and exhorters. Thus
Otterbein's church in Baltimore was a mother church to
various congregations scattered over several counties of
the three states, and may be regarded as the primary organi-
zation of the sect with which it was to unite.
The men who founded the Church of the United Breth-
ren in Christ did not wish to come out from the churches
with which they had been associated. Their aim was to
promote spirituality within the parent body. Spiritual
inertia and a rising tide of opposition extinguished Otter-
bein's hope of working wholly within the Reformed
Church. Nevertheless, he never actually withdrew from it,
and until the very last his name was carried on its minis-
terial roll. And this was in face of the fact that he was
criticized and persecuted by some of the Reformed minis-
ters. Boehm, as we have seen, was cast out from the
Mennonite sect. His followers were also excluded "until
in true sorrow and penitence they should return and
acknowledge their errors, both to God and the Church."
Both Otterbein and Boehm felt impelled to extend their
usefulness by going beyond their own immediate boun-
daries. Each of these men preached with greatly enlarged
power, because endowed with, a special baptism of the
Holy Spirit. But each labored chiefly among the people of
his own denomination and such other persons as came
within his sphere of influence.
For some years the adherents of the new movement
came most largely from the Reformed Church. After the
fathers of the United Brethren died, a revival spirit within
the Reformed Church curtailed the number of accessions
38 UNITED BRETHREN
from that quarter. But for forty years semi-independent
Mennonite circles continued to push their way into the
newly founded church. Otterbein and Boehm and their
co-laborers had no choice. The duty was upon them to
provide an ecclesiastical home for their followers. These
followers were ostracized and even persecuted in the
churches from which they had come, and they were derided
by worldly people. They must have some place to Co. It
was the logic of circumstances that founded the United
Brethren.
In the gradual development of the work by Otterbein
and Boehm, congregations were formed, and these were
presided over by local preachers, who were at the same
time lay preachers, since they had to derive their liveli-
hood from secular pursuits. Some of these men were
class-leaders at first. Others felt more distinctly the call
to an active ministry. As a rule they were men of little
education yet of warm spirituality. For a long while these
local preachers worked under the general direction of
Otterbein and Boehm, who were therefore self-constituted
bishops. The great meetings afforded much opportunity
for counsel. But it was increasingly felt that a more
definite and systematic procedure should be adopted.
The first actual conference in the history of the United
Brethren Church met in Baltimore in 1789, and in the
parsonage of William Otterbein. Besides the two leaders
there were present George A. Guething, Christian New-
comer, Henry Weidner, Adam Lehman, and John Ernst
Seven others were absent. Of the fourteen preachers
recognized as belonging to the conference, nine had come
from the Reformed Church, four from the Mennonites, and
one from the Moravians. It had been twenty-two years
since the first meeting between Otterbein and Boehm at
Long's barn, and more than ten years since Boehm had
been cast out of the Mennonite Church. Both men were
past their prime and were more than sixty years of age
This marshaling of figures shows in an impressive manner
how gradual and informal had been the rise of the United
CHURCH HISTORY 39
Brethren movement. And even this first conference did
not go so far as to effect a complete and well-rounded
organization. It is not certain that it adopted the actual
name by which the church is officially known. Yet it did
adopt a comprehensive Confession of Faith and Rules of
Discipline. Doubtless this little group of men realized
that the hour had not quite arrived for the precise details
of a thoroughgoing organization. The church they were
founding was a growth, an evolution. It was not a thing
made to order.
The final clause of the Confession of Faith then adopted
is significant of the concessions made by the two leading
elements which combined to form the United Brethren.
In tradition and tendency the German Reformed and Men-
nonite churches were far apart. The former baptized in-
fants, while the latter did not. The latter made the wash-
ing of feet a sacrament, while the former regarded it merely
as an example. Neither party could be expected to come
at once and unreservedly to the viewpoint of the other side.
But each party could be charitable with regard to a differ-
ence of opinion, and this is what took place. The
clause in question is a compromise and is tolerant and
broad. In the United Brethren Church, three modes of
baptism are recognized, and it is the privilege of the can-
didate to choose between sprinkling, pouring, and immer-
sion. The washing of feet is not held to be an ordinance.
The second conference was held in 1791 at the home of
John Spangler, eight miles from the city of York. Nine
members were present and thirteen were absent. But the
large number of absentees does not indicate indifference.
At that time the highways were abominable. There were
no railroads, automobiles, or telephones. The mails were
slow, and letter postage was high. And as there was not
yet an organized itinerancy, it was not the business of the
conference to decide where the several preachers were to
work. This was a matter they decided for themselves.
40
CHAPTER VI
EARLY
YEARS OF THE CHURCH
In the early conferences of the United Brethren, busi-
ness was a very subordinate matter. There were no com-
mittees. Everything done was done by the body as a
whole. Circuits were laid out by the preachers themselves
and not by the conference. The preachers met for mutual
encouragement and spent nearly all the session in religious
services. It is therefore easy to account for the brevity
of the minutes of these conferences.
The conferences of 1789 and 1791 were in the nature of
informal, advisory meetings between two de facto bishops
and the small band of local preachers working under their
direction. Otterbein and Boehm acted as bishops, but there
was no definite organization to elect them to the office. The
primary object of these two assemblages was mutual
advice and consultation. This fact helps to bring out the
progressive nature of what began as a movement and
gradually developed into a compact organization.
The United Brethren movement was one of the results
of the revival period of 1750-1825. It was very hard to
reform the old German congregations and bring them to
the New Testament standard of law and order. Otter-
bein's flock at Lancaster was disorderly, and like some
others it had been in the hands of incompetent pastors.
The fathers of the United Brethren denomination were
committed to the idea of a spiritual church. They were
not designedly "come-outers." Yet they could not stay in
the church homes that had reared them, because of the
narrow and vituperative conservatism which could not
brook any change in the old order of things.
The followers of the new movement had not been
known by any general name. Such terms as "the Breth-
ren," "the Unsectarian," and "the Liberty
People" were
applied to them. Still other designations were the "New
CHURCH HISTORY 41
Reformed" and the "New Mennonites." Sometimes the
names of the leaders would be used, and they would be
styled "Otterbein's People," or "Boehm's
People." There
were also semi-independent groups of Mennonites, such as
"Light's People," who were drifting toward the new
church.
In 1820 Peter Cartwright speaks of a tavern-keeper at
Knoxville, Tennessee, whom he calls an "Otterbein Metho-
dist."
As a distinct church the United Brethren sect begins
with the meeting held in September, 1800, at the house of
Peter Kemp, two miles west of Frederick, Maryland.
Fourteen preachers appeared. Their two-day meeting did
not call itself a general conference, although it exercised
the functions of one. It chose a name for the new denomi-
nation and it elected bishops.
It seems to have been easy for these men to agree on
the name by which the church has ever since been known.
It was not enough to use the simpler form of "United
Brethren," because this was already the official name of
the Moravian body. To avoid uncertainty, especially in
matters that might involve questions in law, the words
"in Christ" were added.
William Otterbein and Martin Boehm, who were already
bishops in effect, were now elected as such. Otterbein was
now seventy-four years of age and Boehm was seventy-five.
The first printed Discipline says this of the first con-
ference: "The preachers were obliged to appoint an annual
conference in order to unite themselves more closely, and
to labor more successfully in the vineyard of the Lord;
for some had been Presbyterian, or German Reformed,
some Lutherans, and others Menonists."
In 1801 came the beginning of an itinerant system, ten
men consenting to travel as directed by the bishops, in-
stead of laying out circuits for themselves. Still more
method was introduced into the system by the conference
of 1802. One or two of the preachers would agree to serve
as presiding elders. The action taken in this matter was
generally informal and usually unanimous.
42 UNITED BRETHREN
Ever since the meeting at Kemp's, there has been a
regular and uninterrupted succession of general confer-
ences. Until 1810 there was but one annual conference for
the entire church. The first new conference was the Miami,
set off in that year. In 1829 the Eastern, or original. Con-
ference was divided into the Hagerstown and Harrisburg
conferences, the former including the Virginia territory,
and the latter becoming the Pennsylvania Conference.
The first conference to be definitely known as a general
conference was held in June, 1815, in a log schoolhouse
of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania. It adopted a Con-
fession of Faith, substantially the same as that of 1789,
and Rules of Discipline, based on those of Otterbein's
church in Baltimore. The Discipline was ordered to be
printed, but only in German. However, the next general
conference, that of 1817, ordered that 100 copies of the
Revised Discipline be printed in English. This book in-
cludes forms for the ceremony of marriage and the ordina-
tion of bishops and ministers. The Confession of Faith
"rests on the Apostles' Creed and the New Testament, and
adds only those necessary specifications in regard to the
application and mission of the gospel that even the simplest
of the later creeds have been compelled to include. The
creed might be called a working creed for a revival peo-
ple."*
In 1841 the Confession of Faith was revised and a Con-
stitution adopted. These remained in force until 1889.
It had now been half a century since the meeting of
Otterbein and Boehm in Long's barn. The early fathers
of the United Brethren had passed away. Thirteen years
more and the ministry had ceased to be exclusively local.
The pioneer period in the history of the church may there-
fore be considered to close in 1830.
Of the three leading fathers of the church, Otterbein
was the skilled theologian. He was eloquent and argu-
mentative, and his elucidation of Scriptural truth was ex-
ceptionally clear. Boehm was essentially an exhorter, and
*Drury
CHURCH HISTORY 43
his appeal was to the feelings. Geeting was regarded by
Henry Boehm as the greatest orator among the United
Brethren.
It is well for us to speak further of George Adam Geet-
ing, whose name in German tongue is spelled Guething.
He came to America in his youth, and settled about 1759
on Antietam Creek near the present town of Keedysville.
In winter he taught school and in the warm weather he
quarried rock and dug wells. He seems to have been con-
verted through the preaching of Otterbein and he at once
became an earnest Christian. For a while he read printed
sermons to his congregation. Discerning that Geeting was
capable of doing better than this, Otterbein had a friend
come up behind the young preacher and take the book out
of his hand. Geeting was thus thrown back on his own
resources, yet delivered an impressive discourse. In 1783
he was ordained as a minister of the Reformed Church.
The Geeting meeting house, a small log building dating
from a little before the beginning of the Revolution, is
believed to have been the first house of worship built by
Otterbien's followers of the revival movement. Otterbein
was too heavy a man to be cast out of the Reformed
Church, yet Geeting was expelled for "wildly fanatical"
preaching that was at variance with "decency and order."
Thenceforward, his home was with the new church, of
which he has been called the St. John, and also the Apollos.
He was the traveling companion and adviser of Otterbein.
His house was a favorite stopping place for Newcomer
and other early preachers. His meeting house was an
Antioch to the young church and many revivals took place
here. Geeting died in 1812 at the age of seventy-three years.
Otterbein, Boehm, and Geeting were the "clover leaf" of
the early church, and their departure occurred at nearly
the same time. This coincidence, coming as it did in the
formative period of the church, had a depressing effect.
Much depended on the new leadership that became neces-
sary.
44
CHAPTER
VII
PLANTING
THE CHURCH IN VIRGINIA
The German immigration to America made its earliest
home in the southeast of Pennsylvania. The county of
Lancaster, in that state, is, more than any other, the first
seat of United Brethrenism.
Like all other immigrants, the German wanted plenty
of elbow room. To be nearer than half a mile to a neigh-
bor was considering crowding. A mile was thought near
enough to be comfortable. And there seemed to be plenty
of elbow room, for the continent appeared to stretch in-
terminably westward.
So, as their numbers increased, the German families
flocked over the colonial boundary into Maryland, and
thence into that part of the Valley of Virginia lying between
Winchester and the vicinity of Harrisonburg. The district
next the Potomac, on the Virginia side, was rather avoided
because of the litigation between Lord Fairfax and Joist
Hite, and the consequent difficulty of getting good titles.
The country south of Harrisonburg was at first peopled only
By the Scotch-Irish, but it was not long until German set-
tiers moved onward as the more restless Scotch-Irish
pressed still farther to the south and west.
The German settlers were partial to good lands, such as
the limestone belts in the Valley of Virginia. Also, they
were unwilling to make a home unless it could be near
a good spring. Furthermore, they were conservative.
They did not want change. They wanted to do as they
had been used to doing, and they held to the old even at
the cost of becoming unprogressive. And so far as they
adhered tenaciously to their mother tongue they remained
foreigners in feeling.
Among the Germans coming to the Shenandoah coun-
try were families who had taken part in the great meet-
ings in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Some of them were
CHURCH HISTORY 45
related to Geeting, Newcomer, and others of the early
preachers. So the preachers they had known north of the
Potomac followed them and held great meetings in the
Valley, particularly near Mount Jackson.
The site of Keedysville, near Antietam Creek in Mary-
land, was the home of George Geeting, Otterbein's chief
adviser. His home was also a headquarters for Boehm,
Newcomer, and other preachers. At Beaver Creek, a dozen
miles eastward across the mountains, was where New-
comer lived. Farther east were the Kemps and others.
A few miles farther north were the Draksels, Mayers,
Baers, Browns, Hersheys, Russells, and others, while on
the Virginia side of the Potomac and within a day's ride
were Ambrose, Strickler, Senseny, the Niswanders — Isaac
and Abraham, and the three Duckwalds — Ludwig, Henry,
and Frederick. Still others were the twin brothers — Henry
and Christian Crum. Thus there were gathered at Antie-
tam, as a central point, those who were fired with a com-
mon spirit. The great religious experiences they had
enjoyed were told in a wonderful way to the throngs
attracted by interest and novelty.
Strong congregations were soon formed around Win-
chester, at Sleepy Creek, and east of the Blue Ridge in
Loudoun county. The last named locality was often visited
by Bishop Newcomer. But by reason of emigration this
flock passed out of existence more than a century ago.
Before 1815 there was quite an exodus of these people
across the Alleghenies into Ohio and the west of Pennsyl-
vania. It came thus that the Miami, the first daughter
conference, was organized largely by the preachers who
had come from the East, for up to this time, the whole
work was embraced in the Eastern, or original, confer-
ence. The families who settled in the west of Pennsyl-
vania, especially in Westmoreland county, were active and
loyal, and laid the foundations for the present prosperous
United Brethren Church in that favored region.
Almost the only record we have of the early work of
these circuit riders is found in Newcomer's Journal, pub-
46 UNITED BRETHREN
lished in 1835. It was not intended for publication, and
its brevity is often disappointing to those who would like
more complete information. The Journal, after its pub-
lication, was evidently sold by the itinerants.*
When eighty-one years old, Newcomer attempted a trip
into Virginia. Sunday, March 1, 1830, he rode to the home
of Michael Thomas at Boonsboro, nine miles from his own
house, and lodged there for the night. Next morning he
was too ill to go on and he returned. Wednesday, he wrote
thus: "This forenoon I tried to write in my journal, but
alas! I find that I am not able to perform the task, so 1
lay down my pen. The Lord alone knows whether I shall
be able to resume it again. The Lord's will be done. Amen.
Hallelujah."
It is this record of Newcomer that gives early circuits
in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and Ohio. It is not
by any means a complete record, as it gives only the tours
by himself and his companions, for he seldom traveled
alone.
Just before the first annual conference at Kemp's, in
September, 1800, Newcomer made a tour of the Virginia
circuit. This time he was accompanied by Martin Boehm
and his son, Henry. Another preacher. Christian Crum,
lived at Pleasant Valley, eight miles northeast of Winches-
ter, on what has since been known as the Jacob Hott place.
For years this was the first stopping place of the German
preachers, and here these three men held their opening
service on the Virginia circuit. They arrived Monday night,
September 1, and the elder Boehm preached. He preached
again at Dr. Senseny's in Winchester, and a Methodist
preacher followed with an exhortation. Wednesday, they
held a meeting at Abraham Niswander's, near Middletown,
and then rode to the house of A. Boehm, a relative to the
bishop, where Newcomer preached and was followed by
Henry Boehm. Thursday forenoon they preached at Jacob
Funkhouser's west of Fisher's Hill, riding thence to Wood-
*The copy owned by A. P. Funkhouser was purchased by his
paternal grandfather in 1837, as witnessed by his autograph signa-
ture and the date.
CHURCH HISTORY 47
stock and lodging with one Zehrung, who, by the way,
gave a lot for a church in Woodstock. This gift was made
more than a hundred years ago. The bishop preached in
a church at Woodstock Friday morning, and then they
rode to Jacob Rhinehart's, where Newcomer preached.
Saturday and Sunday there was a meeting at the widow
Kagey's on Smith's Creek. Bishop Boehm preached in
German and was followed by his son Henry in English.
Then they rode to a Mr. Bender's, where Newcomer
preached. After they had retired. Bender's wife began
moaning aloud. They arose and prayed with her.
The preachers turned out very early Monday morning,
September 8, and rode to the house of John Peters near
New Market, where Newcomer and Boehm preached in
German and Henry Boehm in English. After dismissing
the people, the crowd continued to stand around in groups,
crying and moaning, so another meeting was held. Ben-
der's wife had followed them to this place, was converted,
and made shoutingly happy. The preachers then rode to
Homan's in Brock's Gap. In the afternoon they accom-
panied Strickler to his home sixteen miles away, arriving
late at night. Their next stopping place was at Peter Bibey's
in Augusta county. Passing through Staunton, they called
on the Methodist pastor and went on to the house of Chris-
tian Hess.
On Saturday the 13th, a great meeting began at Henry
Menger's on the side of the mountain, southwest of
Swoope's Depot. In the afternoon they rode to a Mr.
Harris'. Next day, returning through Staunton, they
dined with the Methodist pastor, and then rode seventeen
miles to Widore's. Tuesday morning Newcomer preached
at Zimmerman’s in Keezletown, and then the party rode
sixteen miles to John Peters' near New Market, where the
bishop was again the preacher. Next day they crossed
the mountain into Page, spending the night with Christian
Fori, near the South Fork. Thursday, Bishop Boehm con-
ducted a funeral service at Woodstock, and the night was
spent with John Funkhouser west of Fisher's Hill. Satur-
48 UNITED BRETHREN
day a sacramental meeting began at Niswander's near
Middletown.
Continuing their return journey the party reached New-
comer's home, Tuesday the 23d, just two days before the
opening of conference. The Boehms must have gone on
to Kemp's, for there was not time to reach their own homes
and be at conference on the first day, this being the time
when Newcomer found them there.
The next visit to Virginia was two years later, in June,
and it occupied eight days. Otterbein, Newcomer, Crum,
and Strickler were the preachers and they traveled to-
gether. Their first point was a sacramental meeting at
Jacob Funkhouser's west of Fisher's Hill. The services
Sunday night were at Christian Funkhouser's. The place
was appropriately called Funkhouser Hollow, since there
were seven families of this name, all with farms adjoining.
They all spoke the German language, built their houses
alike, each one over a spring, professed the same religion,
and yet each family had its own burial ground on a hill-
side. Their relationship has never been traced by any one
of the present time. On this journey Otterbein preached
nearly every night. Services were held at Crum's, at
Geeting's, at Newtown, at Niswander's in Middletown, and
at Winchester.
In October of the same year Newcomer and Geeting
traveled the Virginia circuit, one or the other preaching
every day for nineteen days and always in German. Their
preaching places were much as before, Stoverstown (Stras-
burg) being one of the appointments. At Mengen's, their
most southern point, was the great meeting for which they
set out. To attend the two-day services the people came in
some instances thirty to fifty miles.
"Year after year for almost thirty years Newcomer
made visits to Virginia, continuing them almost to the
time when Glossbrenner began his work as circuit rider.
"The meeting places were changed to suit local' con-
ditions. From Hoffman's the meetings were changed to
Peter Myer's near the present Pike Mennonite church.
CHURCH HISTORY 49
George Hoffman moved to Augusta, taking his religion
with him, and Mount Zion became an early preaching place.
Peter Myers built a dwelling house with a large room
in it for meetings, which were held regularly here for
many years.
"In the spring 1809 Newcomer made a unique visit
to Harrisonburg. He came as a committee to confer with
Bishop Asbury and the Baltimore Conference of the Metho-
dist Church on the subject of church union. This confer-
ence was held in the log church on the hill where the old
burial ground still remains. Two bishops, Asbury and
George, and sixty preachers were present. The day after
it closed Newcomer, delighted with his cordial entertain-
ment, rode down the Valley with Asbury and other preach-
ers, among whom was Henry Boehm, son of the bishop.
"The last visit by Newcomer was in 1828, when he was
seventy-nine years old. That summer he held eight camp
meetings, three of them in Virginia. In company with
William Brown, afterward bishop, and William B. Rhine-
hart, a sweet singer and later the first editor of the Religious
Telescope, he made the usual stops until he came to a
camp meeting on Mill Creek, two miles west of Mount
Jackson. Such meetings were held here from 1825 to
1830 inclusive, on the farm of the great grandfather of
A. P. Funkhouser. The camp spring is yet pointed out in
the middle of Mill Creek. After the close of the meeting,
the preachers went on to Rockingham and spent the night
with Jacob Whitesell, who had married Brown's sister in
Pennsylvania, and who had now an old mill on Dry River,
a mile or two below Rawley Springs. Whitesell and his
family later moved to Vigo county, Indiana, where his
descendants are among the pillars of the strong church
now in that section. The preachers then went to the camp
meeting on Beaver Creek just opposite the home of the
late John Whitmore. Mrs. Maria Paul attended this meet-
ing, being then a girl, and remembered the bishop as tall,
spare, and clean-shaven. During one of his discourses a
large, fat man walked into the congregation and stood
50 UNITED BRETHREN
leaning against a tree. His name was Koogler, and he
was a paper-shaver with a reputation not very savory.
Newcomer pointed him out, remarking, 'Oh me, if that
man would become converted, how much religion he could
hold.'
"At the close of the camp meeting, Newcomer and his
companions rode to Peter Whitesell's, where Brown
preached in German and Newcomer in English. Simon,
father of J. D. Whitesell of Harrisonburg, was then but
eight years old, yet preserved to the end of his life a clear
recollection of the visit. Whitesell's church had been built
here the year previous. It was the first United Brethren
church built in Virginia, and a most influential center for
many years. This house of worship grew out of the meet-
ings at Hoffman's and Peter Myers': Passing through Har-
risonburg to the head of Brock's Gap, the party took dinner
with Henry Tutwiler, a brother-in-law to Whitesell, and a
tanner of buckskin. He was postmaster at Harrisonburg
thirty-one years. Tutwiler was a zealous class leader of
the Methodists, and was the father of one of the first gradu-
ates of the University of Virginia. Years afterward, he
died shoutingly happy after a sudden illness, the day after
holding a watch meeting on New Year's eve.
"The next day found Newcomer at a camp meeting on
the land of Jacob Lentz, at the head of Brock's Gap four
miles above Dovesville. Lentz had come from Loudoun
county years before, bringing his United Brethrenism with
him, and though he was more than thirty miles from the
county seat, he was not too far away for his old friends
to find him. Near him at Dovesville, was another United
Brethren, Frederick Doub (Dove), who had come from
Frederick county, Maryland. The post office was named
after him. The descendants of the Lentzs and Doves, and
the intermarried families now form a large element of
the population here. The present Keplinger chapel,
recently remodeled, was dedicated November 27, 1858, by
Jacob Markwood, then a presiding elder."
The compiler of this volume finds among the papers
CHURCH HISTORY 51
given him the statement that the first United Brethren con-
ference — presumably of Virginia — was held June 3, 1794,
in the stone house that was used as a law office of the late
General John E. Roller. But as this meeting is not men-
tioned in the general histories of the church, it must have
been a gathering of the Virginia preachers of that decade
and perhaps a few from the other side of the Potomac.
The first official conference in Virginia was held in the
same town, March 2, 1809.
Mention has been made of the Whitesell church. As
late as 1850 there were but two other church buildings of
the United Brethren in Virginia. In 1860 the total mem-
bership in both Virginia and Maryland was not over 3,000.
There was for a long while a feeling that there should
be no gathering of church statistics, and none were given
out by the United Brethren Church until 1837. This pre-
judice seems to have grown out of the relation of David's
sin in numbering the people.
A more complete account of Newcomer's travels in
Virginia will be found in the next chapter.
52
CHAPTER
VIII
EXTRACTS FROM
NEWCOMER'S JOURNAL
Christian Newcomer was of Swiss descent and was born
near Lancaster, Pennsylvania, January 21, 1749. His
parents were Mennonites and the, son was reared in their
faith. He learned the carpenter's trade from his father,
but when he was about twenty years old the parent died.
At the deathbed request of the latter, he took upon himself
the care of the farm and thus provided a home for the
mother and a sister. After a year the sister found a hus-
band, and as the mother was a midwife and much away
from home. Christian was married in 1770 to Elizabeth
Baer. Not long afterward he was converted at home as a
result of personal seeking. Thinking he should become
a preacher, he took counsel with one of the Mennonite
preachers, a person who stood high in the young man's
estimation. But this elder could not comprehend the
experience his friend had undergone, and cast doubts upon
it. However, when stretched on a bed of sickness, the older
man became convinced that the younger man was in the
right. Newcomer removed to Maryland, where he found
that his neighbors, though well-meaning and friendly,
were unacquainted with experimental religion. He had
long continued misgivings with respect to becoming a
preacher. It was not until he had overcome this reluctance,
through recourse to earnest prayer, that Newcomer found
restoration from what he regarded as a backslidden state.
He had already listened to Otterbein and Geeting. Find-
ing that he and they were in entire harmony in the matter
of experimental religion, he joined a society of what were
then called Otterbein's people, and in 1777 became a
preacher among what were derisively called the "Dutch
Methodists." Newcomer continued to preach very nearly
to the end of his long life. In 1813 he was made a bishop
and thenceforward he led a particularly active career. He
CHURCH HISTORY 53
crossed the Alleghenies thirty-eight times and rode on
horseback six thousand miles a year. When nearly eighty
years of age he thus traveled to Ohio and Indiana, held sev-
eral conference, and returned in his usual health. A little
later he made a similar trip to Virginia, where he held a
great meeting near Swoope's. These trips were kept up
till 1828.
There is a striking parallelism between Christian New-
comer of the United Brethren Church and Francis Asbury
of the Methodist Church. The former has very justly been
called the Asbury of the United Brethren. Both men were
bishops in the pioneer period of their respective organiza-
tions Each was an empire-builder in the ecclesiastical
sense. Each was an indefatigable worker. Each was a
prodigious traveler, spending so much time on horseback
that it is small stretching of the fact to say that he lived
in the saddle. Each of these early bishops kept a journal
and each journal has been published.
Newcomer was tall, commanding in figure, and robust
in physique. No portrait is in existence. In 1828 he held
a camp meeting near Crider's store in Brock's Gap, at a
spring still known as the "camp spring." Seventy years
later Mrs. Maria Paul remembered seeing him there. Her
description of him as a tall, slim, smoothly shaven man of
serious appearance tallies with other accounts.
The bishop was not a great preacher except in earnest-
ness of purpose. He had a slight impediment in his speech
and his voice was but moderately strong. Yet he was a
successful evangelist, and as a superintendent he was
fearless as well as diligent. He was a firm believer in the
itinerant system, perceiving that it is peculiarly adapted to
new and sparsely settled districts.
Newcomer's journal, written in German and trans-
lated by John Hildt, was published at Hagerstown in 1834.
It is prefaced with an autobiography, this dealing almost
wholly with his religious experiences. The journal begins
October 27, 1795, and continues until March 4, 1830, only
eight days before his death. To many persons it has been
54 UNITED BRETHREN
a matter of regret that most of the entries are so brief
and fragmentary. This brevity impairs the historic value.
But it is highly probable that the bishop never thought his
manuscript would ever appear in book form. Perhaps
his notes were regarded by himself as little more than an
aid to his memory.
With a view of allowing the journal to throw all the
light possible on the history of the Virginia Conference
prior to 1830, we now present the following extracts.
1795
Preached at Virumbach's in Virginia from John 2:14.
1796
Preached at Henry Crum's Thursday, October 13. (Note: Henry
and Christian Crum were twin brothers who went to Winchester
from near Frederick, Md. They strongly resembled one another.
Both were very useful preachers.) Preached Friday at Millers-
town. Next day a sacramental meeting began at Stony Creek
I gave the first discourse — from Psalm XL. On Monday, the last
day, many sinners were converted. Tuesday, preached at Snider's
near Linville Creek, and in the evening came to the home of a
Mennonite uncle, a preacher, where I spoke from Psalm XXIV, 15.
Wednesday, though afflicted with a severe toothache, I preached
twice at J. P.'s near Smith Creek. Thursday rode to Massanutten
and preached there Friday at Mr. Hiestand's but found the people
of that neighborhood rather hardened. Saturday, rode to the
forks of the Shenandoah and lodged with Jacob Weaver, a very
sick man. Sunday morning, preached at the house of J. Fa—
from "It is time that judgment should begin at the house of
God"
and in the afternoon the Lion roared wonderfully. A meeting
Monday at the home of a widow whose husband had lately died
but the people seemed cold and lifeless. Tuesday spoke in New-
town from Hebrews XII, 15, and found the Lord present. In
the evening preached in Winchester to a large congregation. Next
day, before returning home, visited two criminals under sentence
of death. Seemed to make
some impression on one but none
on the other.
1797
Met Mr. Geeting in Newtown, September 20, and preached in
the evening. Next evening (Thursday) preached at Woodstock
from Revelation III, 19, 20. Friday there was a meeting in New
Market, where the Lord was present with saving power. A meet-
ing at Mr. Steffy’s and lodged with him. Spoke first Saturday
CHURCH HISTORY 55
morning at eleven in a three days meeting beginning at Peter
Meyer's in Rockingham. Sunday morning Geeting preached with
remarkable power from, Whosoever will be my disciple let him
take up his cross and follow Me." Exhorted after him and then
followed the Lord's Supper. Candle-light meeting at Mr. Klein’s
several young people prayed for salvation. At the close of the
meeting (on Monday) there was a glorious time, and the people
were so much affected that most of them cried aloud. Tuesday
an appointment with Henry Geeting, son of George, and lodged
with Mr. Brunk. Wednesday morning preached to a large assembly
in a schoolhouse near Shenandoah River, and then rode to the
home of a relative who entertained me in a very friendly way
but cared very little about religion. Thursday, preached at a
widow's to a sympathetic congregation that included two German
Baptist preachers. Friday, visited Mr. Zehrung in Woodstock
and then rode to John Funkhouser's, staying there all night. Next
day a sacramental meeting began in Frederick county. The people
were uncommonly affected. An aged man came forward with tears
trickling down his cheeks. Monday evening preached from Psalm I.
1798
August 10, an uncommonly warm day with a torrential rain
after crossing the Potomac. Lost my path in the woods and
had no other light than the occasional flashes from another thun-
derstorm. Got off my horse and prayed for protection. On rising
from my knees, I saw the path only a few yards away, and soon
reached the house of Mr. Ambrose, where I dried my clothes and
had a comfortable rest. The next day was Saturday and a sacra-
mental meeting began here. Christian Crum and Dr. Senseny
preaching with power. Among the seekers was a native of Ger-
many, who praised God he had come to America, and to a people
from whom he had learned the way of salvation. The people
around here generally poor but concerned for the salvation of
their
souls. Sunday great many people were present. Monday, rode
to Warm Springs (Berkeley Springs) and crossed to Hancock, Md.
Wednesday, September 26, stayed with my daughter, Mrs. Jacob
Hess near Martinsburg. Next morning preached at Bucklestown
and at night at Winchester. Friday evening preached at Millers-
town to a little flock. Saturday, spoke first in a sacramental
meet-
ing with warmth and feeling. Preached at eleven, and after the
sacrament exhorted in English. Monday, visited an uncle and
aunt on Linville, and rode on lodging with Henry Huber. Tues-
day morning preached at the widow Brunk's and lodged at Mr.
Grove's. Wednesday evening, spoke in a schoolhouse, and at night
at the widow Kegis' on Smith Creek. Thursday, preached at Mr.
Meiles', a few miles from Millerstown, and the next day came
to John Funkhouser's. Saturday, October 6, a sacramental meet-
56 UNITED BRETHREN
ing at Abraham Niswander's near Middletown. Felt so stripped
of all grace that I did not know what to say, but at night there
was a glorious time. Sunday I spoke after Geeting. and next day
preached at Henry Crum's. At this meeting a Quaker sister was
moved by the Spirit and gave an exhortation and prayer with
astonishing power.
1799
Wednesday, May 1, the first appointment at Henry Crum's.
Next day attempted to speak after Geeting at Jacob's church in
Frederick county, but because of a leg bruised by a falling crow-
bar, I had to desist, and Friday I had to stay at Crum's starting
home Saturday.
Thursday, July 25, preached in Winchester, and Friday came
unexpectedly upon a meeting held by Henry Crum, after whom I
spoke to an attentive audience. Then rode with Crum to Stovers-
town (Strasburg), visiting old Mr. Stauffer, a man of 83. Preached
next morning at Jacob Funkhouser's. Sunday, preached to a little
flock in the old church at Woodstock, and at night held a class-
meeting at Zehrung's. Monday, reached Henry Geeting's. His
house was struck by lightning a few days ago, but no one injured
although the whole family were inside. Next morning preached
at Andrew Kauffman's, and in the afternoon at the house of Mr.
Renker, a justice of the peace. Wednesday morning preached at
Stony Creek, and in the evening at Niswander's, where there was
a small but attentive congregation. Thursday, preached at Jacob
Funkhouser's on Mill Creek and lodged at S. Peter's in Rocking-
ham. Friday morning preached here to as many people as the
room would hold, and put up with Mr. Brunk in Brock's Gap.
Saturday, arrived at George Homan's where a great multitude
were assembled for a sacramental meeting. Sunday afternoon I
spoke from Hebrews II:3. Geeting and Strickler were here on the
whole we had a blessed time. Tuesday preached at Christian
Kauffman's. Wednesday I lodged with Mr. Weber and next day
reached Niswander's, whence I rode with Geeting to Winchester
and was the guest of Mr. Kurtz. Friday morning I went into a
drugstore to purchase some medicine. The druggist then took
me into an adjoining room, called the family together, and re-
quested me to hold family worship, which I did. Among those
present was an intelligent young man, a son of the Rev. Mr.
Hinkle.
After breakfast I went with Geeting to visit Dr. Senseny, who
had been taken very ill. Nine miles beyond we held a meeting
at Mr. Sweyer's and then went to Ambrose's, where a two-day
meeting had been appointed. Saturday the assemblage was so
large that I could not see how so many people could live in such
a mountainous region. Sunday, a Methodist brother preached
in English.
57 CHURCH HISTORY
1800
Thursday, August 7, Geeting and myself had an appointment
at Shepherdstown. Friday I lodged with Mr. Duckwald, and
Saturday began a meeting on Sleepy Creek, which lasted through
Sunday. Monday I preached at Berkeley Springs and stayed with
Mr. Grammer.
Monday, September 1, came to Christian Crum's where a great
congregation assembled the following day. Father Boehm preached
first, and at night with great power at Dr. Senseny's in
Winchester.
A Methodist followed him in English. Thursday there was a
meeting at Niswander's, the people being very attentive.
preached at A. Boehm's and was followed by Henry Boehm.
day a meeting at Jacob Funkhouser's, and visited old Mr. Yager
at Woodstock. Father Boehm preached here in the church. I rode
on to Rhinehart's and preached there, speaking Saturday at the
widow Kegis'. Sunday, Father Boehm preached in German, and
his son Henry followed in English. The grace of God seemed
visible in almost every countenance. The people were so reluctant
to go away that we prayed once more for them. I rode with Henry
Boehm to Mr. Bender's, where we preached but to all appearance
without any effect. Monday morning we came to the home of
John Peters, where a houseful of people were already gathered.
Myself and the Boehms preached. At the close the people would
not leave, so we began again and prayed with them. Rode thence
to Homan's, where many young people had collected, and whom
Father Boehm exhorted. Tuesday morning a great many people
gathered within a short time. I spoke after Father Boehm. The
whole, congregation shed tears and we had to break away to go
to the next appointment, leaving them praying. Mr. Strickler had
come as a guide to his home, 16 miles distant. Passing into Rock-
ingham we visited Mr. Welsh, a Methodist preacher and most
excellent man. There was a great crowd Wednesday. Father
Boehm, following me, had not spoken long until several persons
rose to their feet, striking their hands and shouting in an
ecstasy
of joy. The evening meeting lasted till midnight and the house
could not hold all who were present. Thursday we rode to Peter
Biber's in Augusta, where I preached and was followed by Father
Boehm, but the word seemed to make little or no impression. Fri-
day we came into Staunton, where we called on Mr. King, a
sincere and affectionate Methodist preacher, took some refresh-
ments, and then rode on to Christian Hess', where we lodged. A
great meeting began Saturday at Henry Mengen's. I addressed a
large audience and was followed by King and Henry Boehm.
After Boehm had spoken a few words, the power of God seemed
to pervade the whole congregation. There was prayer and class
meeting at night. Parents shouted for joy to see their children
58 UNITED BRETHREN
converted to God. Father Boehm was followed by King Sunday
morning. After a sacramental service we rode to Mr. Harr's,
where I was followed by King in English, but nothing would
touch these people. Monday we returned to Staunton, dined
with King, and rode on 17 miles to one Widore's, where Father
Boehm spoke with wonderful power to a great many people.
Tuesday morning, Henry Boehm and myself preached at Zimmer-
man's in Keezletown. We went on 16 miles to John Peters',
where Father Boehm spoke to a numerous congregation. Wed-
nesday we preached at Mr. Harshbarger's, and lodged with Chris-
tian Fori at Massanutten. He does not seem concerned about
religion. Thursday morning Henry Boehm preached in English
in an old church near by. Many accompanied us after the meet-
ing and we had to tear ourselves away. Some rode with us across
Three Top Mountain. We passed the night at Mt. Stover's, and
reached Woodstock next day, where Father Boehm preached the
funeral sermon for a Mr. Grove, using this text: "Set thy
house
in order, for thou shalt die and not live." At John
Funkhouser's
I preached from Romans VHI, 17. Saturday a sacramental meet-
ing began at Niswander's in the open air. I was followed by Crum.
At night I preached at Senseny's and met the class. Sunday, Sep-
tember 21, I delivered an opening discourse to a vast multitude,
but the word had not the desired effect. I preached in the after-
noon, and was followed by Henry Boehm, who made some im-
pression. We had to leave them to meet an appointment at the
Methodist church in Winchester. Father Boehm spoke first and
in German. Henry Boehm and myself followed in English. There
was a blessed time. Lodged with Mr. Lauck. Monday I passed
through Shepherdstown on my way home, lodging with John
Mumma.
1801
Sunday, August 2, I heard Enoch George, a powerful speaker,
preach in Shepherdstown. (George was a Methodist bishop.)
August 26 I was told by Bishop Whatcoat (Methodist) in Hagerstown
that at different places in America powerful revivals had taken
place. Next day I reached Berkeley Springs, lodging with Mr.
Kremer. The second day (Friday) a blessed meeting at Duck-
wait's began. Saturday it was protracted till late. Sunday I
spoke in both languages and went home with a Mr. Frosh. Monday
crossed North Mountain to Martinsburg, stopping for a lunch at
Mr. Winter's on Back Creek.
1802
A sacramental meeting begins Saturday, June 12, at Jacob
Funkhouser's in Shenandoah, Otterbein delivering the first sermon.
Eight were converted at night at Christian Funkhouser's. Sunday
there was a great congregation, Otterbein speaking first — from
CHURCH HISTORY 59
Daniel VII: 13, 14. I cannot but be always astonished and lost in
amazement at the power and energy with which this old servant
of God declares the counsel of his Master. The people were very
attentive. We rode on to Niswander's and tarried. Otterbein
preached at Newtown on Monday. At night I spoke in the Metho-
dist meeting house and lodged with Mr. Bush. Tuesday Otter-
bein preached in the Reformed church at Winchester. At night
we heard Enoch George and Quinn, the Methodist brethren. Wed-
nesday Otterbein preached again and I followed him.
Thursday, August 26, I came to John Miller's in Berkeley, and
at the Springs next day met the English brethren (Methodists),
Mitchell and Pitts. Saturday, Geeting, Crum, Geisinger, and Sen-
seny arrived before me at a sacramental meeting at J. M.'s, many
bringing their children for baptism. I baptized a child belonging
to
an English lady, using the English language. (Newcomer only
means that he used the English language). Lodged at J. Funk's.
Wednesday, October 13, preached at Christian Crum's, next
morning at Dr. Senseny's in Winchester, and at night to a large
congregation in the Methodist church at Newtown. Friday, Geet-
ing spoke in Stoverstown, and at night there was a meeting at
John Funkhouser's. Saturday the preaching by Geeting and my-
self at a great meeting at Andrew Kauffman's did not appear to
make much impression. Monday there was a meeting at John
Funkhouser's on Mill Creek. Tuesday, Geeting and myself had
a very good meeting at Henry Huber's. Wednesday, a quarterly
meeting began in Hoffman's barn in Rockingham. Never have I
witnessed the power of God in so great a degree among so many
people. The meeting was protracted till late at night and many
found peace. I was entertained by the Meyers, a godly pair.
Next day the crowd was still greater. Lutherans, Presbyterians,
Mennonites, Baptists, and Methodists all drew near the Lord's
table. Many were not able to avoid shouting. With difficulty we
parted from the people to meet an appointment at Mr. Hivener's
10 miles away. Friday morning there was a meeting at J. Domer's
and at night at Lewis Shuey's, 10 miles beyond. Saturday, a sacra-
mental meeting begins at Mengen's, some coming more than 50
miles. Parents and children were together on their knees. I went
home with Mr. Brobeck. Sunday many came to the Lord's table
with streaming eyes. Preached at night at Staunton and lodged
with Mr. Falker. Monday I rode 42 miles, preaching to a small
assembly at Mr. Mertz's in Rockingham. Tuesday morning I
preached three miles from Mertz's, then rode 23 miles to Wood-
stock, where the people had been some time waiting for us. Wed-
nesday I preached in Stoverstown, and had a meeting Thursday
in Middletown at the house of Senseny, a tanner. Preached at
night on the same day in the Methodist church at Winchester.
60 UNITED BRETHREN
1803
Preached in both German and English at a sacramental meeting
at Sleepy Creek, beginning Saturday, August 27 Tuesday, spoke
to a large congregation in Newtown. Wednesday, James Smidt
exhorted in English at Niswander's. Thursday I spoke at Kauff-
man's and Friday at Funkhouser's on Stony Creek. A quarterly
meeting began Saturday at Homan's. Wednesday September 6,
Spoke at Hoffman's and rode 12 miles to Mr. Dider's. Wednesday,
I preached at Heffner's, and Thursday to a large congregation in
a mill. The people entreated us to stay, but we had to leave to
hold a class-meeting at Lewis Shuey's 12 miles distant. Many peo-
ple here next day. A quarterly meeting began Saturday at Bro-
beck's in Augusta, a great multitude being present next day. Sun-
day night I preached in a schoolhouse, where a great number
were in distress and the meeting lasted till daybreak. Many were
converted. Monday I preached at Strickler's Tuesday at Zimmer-
man's and a point 15 miles beyond, and Wednesday in New
Market, where four preachers were in the large audience. The
people desired another visit. But at Woodstock, the following
day while preaching in the Reformed church, one of two ministers
hastily withdrew. Saturday a two-day meeting began at Senseny's
in Middletown. Sunday night I preached in Winchester.
1804
A quarterly meeting began at J. Funkhouser's, Saturday, May
26 Sunday, Otterbein preached again from Matthew III, 12, and
was followed by myself and Strickler. Monday I rode through
New Market to the house of Mr. Huff, who would not let me go
any farther. Next day I lodged with Mr. Kreiner beyond Keezle-
town. Thursday, I dined at Harrisonburg with Mr. Sala, a book-
binder Friday I preached at New Market, Sunday in an old
chapel at Massanutten. I had colored as well as white hearers
and they were well satisfied. Having preached in both languages,
my strength was all gone, and a lady closed with prayer. Monday
I preached at Woodstock in the English (Methodist) meeting
house. A minister sitting just in front of me suddenly fell, but
I did not know why. Tuesday I preached in German and English
at Senseny's near Middletown. Thursday, June 7, Henry Smith
and myself addressed the people at Henry's Crum's.
Saturday, August 11, I arrived at a camp meeting held in a
beautiful grove in Berkeley county. I could hear the people sing-
ing some distance away. In a circle around a large, open space,
a number of tents were pitched, inclosing the area where were
the stand for the preachers and the seats for the people. In and
around the tents and all over the ground were men, women, and
children in swarms, busily preparing for the occasion. My heart
was filled with gratitude that I live in a land where every
indivi-
CHURCH HISTORY 61
dual is permitted to worship God according to the dictates of his
own conscience and no one dare disturb him. The brethren in the
preachers' tent gave me a cordial welcome. In the large circle
encompassed by the tents were board seats under the shade of the
trees, where many hundreds of people could be accommodated.
An audience was assembled by blowing a horn. After dark it was
a beautiful sight to see the whole circle, and especially the
preach-
ers' stand, illuminated with lamps. All around, before the tents
and on the trees, lights were in contrast with the starry
firmament
above. The concourse on Sunday was estimated at 4,000, about
300 partaking of the Lord's supper. Monday morning at daybreak
I could hear the people in every tent singing and praying, and
offering up family worship. In a short while the people assembled
for a general prayer meeting. Preaching was at 10 A. M., 3 P. M.,
and candle-light. The meeting lasted the whole week, and daily
more people assembled. The second Sunday 6,000 were present.
Toward evening the people were dismissed, but many remained
till morning. Daniel Hildt, McDonald, Roszel, Jefferson, Welsh,
Swift, Pannel, and some other preachers were present. It was
a harvest time.
September 8, I learned of the death of Dr. Senseny at Win-
chester.
December 22, I paid 25 cents at Berlin (now Brunswick, Md.)
to have my horse led across the Potomac on the ice, myself
following. That night I preached at J. A.'s, and next day twice in
Loudoun county.
1805
Preached at Harper's Ferry, January 13.
1806
Sacramental meeting eight miles from Berkeley Springs, August
30. Strawbridge, a Methodist, following Hershey. At night a
man fell to the ground and lay a considerable time without the
least sign of life. When he came to himself, he praised God say-
ing he never in all his life felt so well.
Though unwell, I preached at Christian Crum's, Tuesday, Sep-
temper 23. The perspiration brought out by the exercise of speak-
ing was beneficial. Wednesday there was a meeting at J. Senseny's,
and Thursday I preached 10 miles beyond. Friday I preached
at Crangdorf's, but was too unwell to meet the next appointment,
12 miles beyond. A quarterly meeting began Saturday at Gotlieb
Homan's. Monday night I had a severe fever, but rode 33 miles
the next day.
Preached in Loudoun, Sunday, December 8.
1807
Tuesday, June 3, there was a meeting at Senseny's, near Mid-
dletown, where Eberhart and Holmes, an English brother, spoke.
62 UNITED BRETHREN
Wednesday we preached to a large congregation at Funkhouser's,
10 miles away. Thursday, I rode 40 miles to Homan's finding the
house full of people. Saturday, I opened a quarterly meeting at
Peter Meyer's, and at night preached at Kauffman's in English.
Many people were present Sunday. Rode 15 miles to Jacob Brunk's.
Monday there was a meeting at Mr. Shauter's Tuesday one at
Rhinehart's, Wednesday one at Woodstock. Saturday and Sunday
there was a quarterly meeting at Niswander's and at night I
preached in Winchester.
Thursday, August 27, I reached a camp meeting near Crum's.
Saturday and Sunday there was a quarterly meeting on Sleepy
Creek. Monday, at the camp ground, we had the most powerful
time I ever beheld. September 2, I lodged with Joseph Crisop
beyond Frankford. A thunderstorm at night was so severe that
the family got out of bed and spent some time singing and praying.
Preached at Mr. Roth's and at Christian Funkhouser's, Wed-
nesday, September 30, and next day at A. Kauffman's. Friday
I heard the celebrated Lorenzo Dow in Woodstock, and rode 2
miles with him to a camp meeting, where he preached at candle-
light and at sunrise next morning. A quarterly meeting at Homan's,
Saturday and Sunday. Return to the camp ground, where the
singing, praying, and shouting continue all night. Preaching at
Shangpeter's Tuesday, at Peter Meyer's Wednesday, and at Dider's
Thursday. Quarterly meeting begins at John Shuey's Saturday,
October 10. Lambert, a Methodist, preaches Sunday. At night
I preach in Middlebrook and lodge with Bernard Lauman. Sacra-
mental meeting at Senseny's, near Middletown, Sunday, October
18, and same night I preached in Newtown.
1808
Monday, May 23, I lodge at Shepherdstown on my way to con-
ference, and see an elephant for the first time. I am 59 years
old.
Conference began Wednesday and closed Friday. The brethren
were assembled at Senseny's. A quarterly meeting on Sleepy
Creek, Sunday, September 18. Ride home with Henry Reiner.
Preached in German and English at Henry Frey's in Loudoun,
December 31. The meeting (a watch-night) continued till after
midnight. On New Year's day, preached at Philip Frey's.
1809
Arrived at Harrisonburg. Sunday, March 5, where a thousand
people were attending the Methodist conference. Henry Boehm
preached in German after Bishop Asbury, and was followed by
Jacob Gruber and myself. Next day a committee was appointed
to consult with me to see whether any union could be effected
between the two churches, and it met the day following. We dis-
cussed many and different subjects, but had nothing else in view
than the furtherance of the cause of our Master. In the afternoon
CHURCH HISTORY 63
I was invited to attend the conference, and received a resolution
in writing which I was to deliver to William Otterbein. Sunday,
March 12, I preached at Middletown in both languages, and rode
to Winchester, where Roberts and Henry Boehm preached at night.
Preached in Loudoun at Frey's and Philip Eberhardt's, March
24-26.
Sacramental meeting in same county, July 29-30.
Camp meeting at Smithfield, August 25-29, about 6,000 being
present. Spoke at Winchester last day of meeting, then go to
Harrisonburg, where there is a large congregation, Sunday, Sep-
tember 3. After the Lord's supper an old Methodist named Greaves
spoke in a most wonderful strain. Monday, a meeting at Shuey's,
where one person fell to the ground with the jerks and shook in
every limb in a very remarkable manner. Tuesday, a meeting at
John Peters', and Friday one at David Funkhouser's, where I
spoke in English. Quarterly meeting at Stony Creek Sunday.
Preaching in Woodstock Tuesday, September 12, and Wednesday
at Huddle's schoolhouse and Christian Funkhouser's. Sacramental
meeting at John Senseny's Thursday and Friday. Saturday,
preached at Winchester in the German Presbyterian (German
Reformed) church. A very large congregation here Sunday, Hinkle,
a Methodist, closing the sacramental service. A two-day meeting
began at Duckwald's on Sleepy Creek, October 14, Hinkle preaching
Sunday.
1810
Preached at Frey's in Loudoun, September 22.
Preached at Mr. Evans' near Shepherdstown, December 3.
1811
Meeting in Shepherdstown, March 3, at John Funkhouser's,
March 10.
April 22, my wife dies and I break up housekeeping, moving
to my son Andrew's where I have my. own room and my board
when I am at home with him.
Preached in Shepherdstown, Tuesday, June 4, and at John
Senseny's Friday. Quarterly meeting began at Jacob Funkhouser's
Saturday. Preached at Woodstock Sunday night, and at Michael
Homan's Monday. A two-day meeting began at Peter Meyers'
Tuesday, June 11. Preached at Peter Rider's Thursday. Sacra-
mental meeting began at Lewis Shuey's Saturday, Christian Smidt
being present. Preached at Altdorfer's Monday, at Henry Huff's
Tuesday, at John Peters' Wednesday, at George Funkhouser's
Thursday, at Henry Geeting's Friday, and Sunday at Abraham
Funkhouser's and Niswander's. At Shepherdstown, Wednesday,
June 26, I exhorted after Enoch George. A young woman was
converted and next morning we learned that her father cow-
hided her for going to a Methodist meeting.
64 UNITED BRETHREN
Saturday. August 3, a two-day meeting began at Philip Frey's
in Loudoun.
August 31, reached a quarterly meeting on Sleepy Creek. Crum,
Duckwald, and Reiser being present. Next day. Strawbridge, a
Methodist, preached with great effect, some coming forward with
streaming eyes, while others stood giggling and laughing.
1812
Preached at Henry Frey's March 22.
1814
Preached at Henry Frey's January 9.
March 23, heard Asbury’s funeral discourse on the late William
Otterbein. The church was
much too small to contain all who
came, among them being Methodists, United Brethren, Lutherans,
Presbyterians, and Episcopalians.
Bishop McKendree (Methodist)
closed the service.
June 4, sacramental meeting at Mt. Artz's in Shenandoah. The
people could not leave, but continued to sing and pray all night.
Sacramental meeting at Lewis Shuey's, June 11-12. James
Sewell, a fine young Methodist, assisting. Two-day meeting began
at Peter Meyer’s, June 14. Night preaching in English at Zim-
merman's near Keezletown. Rode more than 40 miles and preached
at Millerstown, June 17. Sunday, June 19. preached at the widow
Funkhouser's and at Niswander's.
1815
Preached at Henry Frey's. September 17.
1816
Quarterly meeting began at the widow Funkhouser's, Saturday,
April 13. Spoke at Mr. Hay's Monday.
At a camp meeting August 22-26, where more than 120 tents
were up and many thousand people present. Great good was
done. Preached in Stoverstown, Wednesday, August 27. Thursday
at Melchor’s on Stony Creek. Friday morning at Yellow Springs
Friday night at the house of John Matthias in Hardy. Sacramental
meeting at Frederick Doubs, August 30-31, at Niswander's Septem-
ber 3, next day at Bear's. One at Swoope's, September 6-7.
1818
Preached to a large congregation at John Senseny's, March 12.
1819
Preached at Christian Crum's, Wednesday, September 1. Sun-
day preached at Mill Creek in both languages. September 8-14,
a camp meeting in Rockingham. One of the best I ever attended.
Rode to Winchester, July 30, finding Christian Crum very near
the end. Preached the funeral discourse.
Camp meeting at George Hoffman's in Rockingham, August
CHURCH HISTORY 65
2-8. with delightful weather the whole week. Meeting in the
schoolhouse near the widow Funkhouser's, August 8.
1821
Preached in Winchester, Sunday, August 12. A meeting Monday
at Mr. Blind's. Camp meeting at George Hoffman, August 16-21.
Many will remember it. Exhorted in Stoverstown, August 22.
1822
Sacramental meeting at William Smidt's in Newtown.
1823
I attended the dedication of our new meeting house at Littles-
town, Pa. (This is the first dedication mentioned by Newcomer.)
1828
Attended a Sunday School with the children, June 22, and
closed it with prayer. (This is Newcomer's first mention of a
Sunday School.)
Preached Saturday. August 30, at a camp meeting in Shenan-
doah from Psalm XL, 3-5. Sunday, preached from John V. 6-8.
Lodged at Jacob Weitzel's in Rockingham, September 4. I had
married him to Peter Brown's daughter, September 5, 1820. Mon-
day, came to a camp meeting in this neighborhood. It closed
September 10, then rode to Mr. Weitzel's and preached there at
night in English. Next day a meeting at Lauman's. September 12,
came to a camp meeting at Jacob Lentz's in Brock's Gap, the
seventh I have attended this summer. Many people present, but
most of them hard and unaffected.
66
CHAPTER IX
THE EARLY
PREACHERS
Let us pass in review the "great meetings" that were
so prominent a feature of the United Brethren movement
in its early period.
Otterbein was a city preacher. With a single exception
his pastorates were in places large for a time when Amer-
ican cities were few and small. And yet his greatest work
was done in the country at those seasons of the year when
meetings could he held in the open air or in large, fireless
buildings. His leading associates, Boehm and Geeting,
preached only to congregations of country people
The great meeting took place once a year in a given.
locality, but sometimes twice. It began on Saturday and
usually lasted three days. It was announced well in ad-
vance and much preparation was made for the occasion.
The great meeting was the event of the year because some
noted preachers came from a distance to hold it. Even
the best settled parts of America were comparatively a
wilderness to the end of the colonial age. Post offices were
exceedingly few, and the rates of postage were well nigh
prohibitive. A letter was
very often entrusted to some
private person who could act as a messenger. Tidings of
the meeting were therefore spread orally. Most of the
attendants came on horseback or afoot, because there was
no vehicle except the road wagon and not every trail
could be used by it. Nevertheless, great crowds gathered
and the community was taxed to the utmost to feed and
lodge them.
Sometimes the meeting was in the open air. But the
thrifty farmer of German birth or parentage was quite sure
to have an immense barn, and such a building served quite
well to accommodate the throng. Newcomer once men-
tions meeting in a mill.
These meetings were looked forward to with satisfac-
CHURCH HISTORY 67
tion by the evangelists themselves. Finding themselves
lonesome in their own formal denominations, they sought
each other's society in religious gatherings. A leader in
the great meeting found sweet fellowship in his associates.
Other ministers were often present, and if they had the
evangelical spirit they would take part.
The preaching was positive and dogmatic. "Thus saith
the Lord" settled all questions. Great stress was laid on
the new birth. The contrast was drawn between ruin and
death by sin and salvation and eternal life through faith in
Jesus Christ. Preacher and follower were alike spiritual
and emotional. It was the common thing for penitents
and converts to make their appearance at every service.
"The great tenet of this new preaching was a mystical
union with God through Christ Jesus, causing a spiritual
regeneration, which changed the heart so radically as to
produce a new man in ideals and desires, and, therefore,
in ethical conduct. Form and ceremony were nothing;
everything was continued in spirit and life. From the
nature of the case, the position assumed by these reform-
ers on questions of morals and conduct was radical. Their
religion was individual, their scriptural interpretation
literal, and their ethical standards high. Hence they had
little tolerance for what they deemed unscriptural."
During the intervals between two great meetings the
people were left mainly to their class and prayer meetings.
There was an occasional sermon if a preacher could be
found These prayer and experience meetings were held
in private homes, the experience consisting in the feelings
or ideas with respect to the inner and spiritual life. There
were not yet any organized church activities, and all the
people could talk of was what they thought or felt. Men
and women accustomed themselves to oral prayer, and
some of them could pray in public with great power and
effect. These home meetings developed leaders, who were
very instrumental in grounding in faith and hope the peo-
ple who zealously followed them.
We now pass on to the period 1800-1830.
68 UNITED BRETHREN
The United Brethren organization arose as a revival
church. It took its adherents mainly from "Satan's side
of the line," instead of from other folds or from people
with a training in churchliness. "The early preachers were
therefore heralds of salvation to lost men. When they had
faithfully urged their hearers to flee the wrath to come',
they considered their duty performed. After 'going over
the circuit' and preaching gratuitously they went home.
They built no houses of worship, gave no attention to the
training of the young, set in motion no working activities
and collected no money, unless for the benefit of the poor."
So the preacher came, preached, and went home, and
he paid his own way. He worked on his farm till well
into Saturday, then rode a long distance, preached that
night and two or three times Sunday, giving his religious
experiences and his meditations on the Scriptures with
special reference to the future life. All the people had to do
was to hear the preacher, feed him and his horse, and then
wait till he came again. It was the general opinion that
preaching could be done by men almost wholly engaged in
other callings and without previous training.
Otterbein and Boehm had licensed converts who felt it
their duty to preach. This practice v.as continued and
converts were often licensed immediately on their con-
version. The preacher who could produce the greatest
effect was considered to be moved by divine power. The
convert called was in most instances in possession of a
wonderful religious experience, and his sermon would en-
force that experience with a powerful appeal calculated to
stir the emotions tremendously.
It is not strange that with such a hasty method both
ministers and members were often irregular and unreliable.
Thousands of people know nothing of Christianity except
as it is illustrated in the lives of those who possess it.
Being unacquainted with the Bible and far from God, they
have no other standards of measurement. Backsliding was
likely to have a wide reaching influence. But a close dis-
cipline was put into practice in the new church. Hearing
CHURCH HISTORY 69
complaints against ministers was a prominent feature in
the proceedings of almost any conference.
A well-developed itinerant system did not come in a
day. The early preachers in the United Brethren move-
ment had some outside employment, on which they de-
pended for support. They were really local preachers.
Each formed a circuit about his own home, with the pre-
sence and assistance at irregular intervals of the leading
preachers. He left home when he could do so with the
least prejudice to his bread winning pursuit. It was ruled
that those who preached only where they lived were to
have no compensation, and what they did collect they
were to turn over to the benefit of the traveling preachers.
A regular itinerancy began in 1801 when ten preachers
consented to travel as directed by their superior officers.
Newcomer sought to improve the method thus begun. He
considered the itinerancy an apostolic mode, and was
quick to see its adaptability to new and thinly peopled dis-
tricts, like those into which his church was penetrating.
The imperfect itinerancy of the pioneer epoch was
criticized by Bishop Asbury. In his church the system was
well organized and ran like clock-work. It was because
of this efficiency that the Methodist Church was making
its wonderful growth.
After 1830 there was better organization in the United
Brethren Church, and a ministry that gave its whole time
to the work, although its support was meager. The num-
ber of local preachers on the roll of the Virginia Confer-
ence has steadily diminished, and during the last quarter-
century not one has been received.
Until 1841 the circuit-rider had a maximum salary of
$80 a year if a single man, and twice that allowance if he
were married. The salaries were then raised to $100 and
$200, respectively. No higher compensation was allowed
the bishop than to the preacher working under him.
70
CHAPTER X
REMINISCENCES
OF SOME EARLY PREACHERS
In the present chapter we present some reminiscent
observations of several of the United Brethren ministers
who were in active service between 1800 and 1800. Chief
among those writing their recollections, when on “the
western slope of the rugged mountain of life” was George
W. Statton, who in 1900 was living in Colorado.
**********
The reminiscences below are by John W. Fulkerson.
The Virginia Conference of 1855, held at Mount Hebron,
is spoken of as containing forty-three men, present and
absent. A11 were of good
preaching ability, sound in doc-
trine, devotional, zealous, and bold as lions. They sensibly
enjoyed the Christian religion themselves, and insisted
that all other persons should have a realizing knowledge of
the divine power to salvation, if they desire to be sure of
heaven at the end of the present life. They felt called
upon to take a stand for vital piety, to advocate a pure
spirituality, to preach a religion that has in it the power
of the Holy Spirit to such an extent that the professor may
know he has passed from death unto life. The fathers of
the conference had a heavy conflict on their hands, tor the
formal churches had brains, education, and influence, and
thought the United Brethren were fanatics, or fit subjects
for a hospital for the insane. These formalists united to
squelch the evangelical movement with all the powers they
could command, and these were not insignificant.
The affairs of the conferences of the 50's were man-
aged by three strong men: Henry Burtner, Jacob Mark-
wood. and Jacob Bachtel. The measures they originated
and advocated were adopted, and what they opposed was
sure to fail, no matter by whom it was supported. They
were invulnerable, but the conferences were well managed.
These men were intellectually ahead of the other members.
CHURCH HISTORY 71
They were devotedly attached to one another and to the
church.
Burtner was the oldest of the three, and was at this
time a retired itinerant, his education being wholly in the
German. In 1842 he came to Dayton from Cumberland
county, Pennsylvania, and was now living on a fine farm.
His preaching, which was mainly in German was of depth
and power. He was above the medium height, of com-
manding appearance, and possessed a fine countenance
and a very penetrating eye. Burtner was genial, benevol-
ent, and hospitable. His home was open to all his brother
ministers, from the highest to the lowest, and to the mem-
bership of the church as well. He was admitted to con-
ference in 1820, and died at Dayton in 1857. A powerful
man, he was a factor not to be ignored in the councils of
his church. His voice was heard with no uncertain sound
in several of the general conferences.
Jacob Markwood stood next in authority, but unlike
what was true of Burtner his power and influence did not
lie in his business ability. He was a close student, a good
thinker, and a great orator. In fluency and in use of
beautiful language he was rarely excelled. In his best
moments he would carry as by magic, and whithersoever
he pleased, the largest and most unruly audience. In his
denunciations of the popular evils of the day, he was
severe, sarcastic, and emphatic in the extreme, and withal
so regardless of the possible consequences to himself, that
he would have his audience mad enough to want to hang
him. Then, in a few moments and with cyclonic power, he
would have his hearers weeping, as though with broken
hearts, and some of them screaming for mercy as if the
flames of hell were consuming them. In another moment,
and as with the speed of the lightning’s flash, the power
of his eloquence would be turned to the uplifting influence
of the gospel, to the abundant blessings of Christianity,
and for its supreme enjoyment in this life and the life
beyond The whole audience would soon be in a whirl of
glory and loud hallelujahs would come from every part
72 UNITED BRETHREN
of the house. At the dedication of Mount Zion church near
the village of Mount Solon, he preached two and one-half
hours from the text, "We have come unto Mount Zion."
But sometimes Mark wood failed and failed badly. He
was tender-hearted and often gave his last dollar to the
poor. It is told of him that while he was on the road to
preside over a conference in Ohio, he overtook an old man,
thinly clad, and to all appearance in ill health. Markwood
at once got out of his buggy, and walked with the man
a short distance, meanwhile putting several questions to
him. Then he took off' his double-cape overcoat and gave
it to the stranger. News of the incident reached the con-
ference, and another warm coat was provided for the
bishop.
Jacob Bachtel was in some particulars second to neither
of the other men. In personal appearance he was of
medium height, well-proportioned, and keen-eyed. His
hair was bushy and stood straight up. His fine appearance
and commanding address gave him much influence in the
camp-meetings and other out-of-door gatherings. He was
moral in every sense of the word and strictly conscientious.
Bachtel was not a man to be trifled with, for he felt that
the life and work of a minister of the gospel is a most im-
portant and serious thing. In the pulpit he was plain and
practical. He hated every form of sham and handled it
without gloves. He was particularly severe on agnosticism,
infidelity, and Romanism, and in this direction he was no
mean antagonist. Although he stood unflinchingly for
what he considered to be the right, he had in his private
character the tenderness of a loving Christian mother. He
would never go back on a personal friend. In the general
conferences he was an influential factor, and as a presiding
elder, to which office he was repeatedly elected, he was
always helpful to the preachers under his care.
Jacob J. Glossbrenner was a charter member of the
Virginia Conference and in many respects a great man.
He was tall and slender, with a commanding forehead.
His black eyes flashed intelligence. His language was
CHURCH HISTORY 73
chaste and correct. In the pulpit he called a spade a
spade when dealing with the eternal destiny of immortal
souls. Though not deep in his thought, he was popular as
a preacher, and the pulpits of other churches were open
to him. His themes were of the most exalted character
and always dwelt on the bright encouraging side of Chris-
tianity and the happy results of Christian living. He ap-
peared to have no taste for dwelling on the sins of wicked
men or the corruption of the times. As a bishop he was
careful and conservative, his management giving general
satisfaction. By his family he was much loved.
William R. Coursey was prominent in the early history
of the church in the Shenandoah Valley. He was long an
itinerant, and this meant preaching nearly every day, week
days as well as Sundays, and on a meager salary. He had
a wife and six or seven children. It seems now an impossi-
bility to keep eight or nine persons on an income of $200
a year, yet it was done, and Frederick circuit, which was
large and wealthy, allowed it to be endured. There were
twenty-six appointments in this circuit, and yet he had few
presents, and his assistant, $90 salary and no presents.
Neither did Coursey receive anything for his children,
although it was left for the quarterly conference to make
an additional allowance for the support of the minister's
children. Coursey was modest, retiring, and a safe coun-
selor. He was of a good family, a good student, a
methodical thinker, one of the most successful of teachers,
and was considered a model preacher. He was devotedly
pious and strictly religious. He was often a presiding
elder and was sent to the general conference.
John Ruebush had but a limited education, yet was
active and hard-working, and in many respects a most re-
markable preacher. During his ministry, many persons
were gathered into the church, and many others were so
drawn toward it that they were never able to break away
from its influence, and years later came into the fold. The
pathos in his voice when he was preaching or sinking was
most affecting. The sermons of Ruebush could not be
74 UNITED BRETHREN
considered learned, nor was his rhetoric according to the
rules; yet he moved whole audiences as the tempest moves
the trees of the forest. He was great as a revivalist. A
pastoral charge in his care was a very poor place for hack-
sliding, and this happened to but few. He and 'is co-
laborers depended entirely on the earnest preaching of
the gospel, the power of spiritual song, the influence of the
Holy Spirit, and the gracious assistance of spiritual
enthusiastic church members. Revivals then meant some-
thing. They meant permanent societies. Ruebush would
have scorned the kinks, twists, and stratagems of the aver-
age professional revivalist of to-day. To the old United
Brethren minister or member, their methods would have
been disgusting and would have been deemed a travesty
on the Christian religion. Ruebush was the first regular
preacher to be sent to the South Branch of the Potomac,
and was largely instrumental in establishing the United
Brethren Church there. He was sent as a missionary to
establish the church in Tennessee. Such an errand meant
severe persecution and even jeopardy of life, because of
the anti-slavery record of our church. Yet at much finan-
cial loss Ruebush faced the dangers and endured the hard-
ships until he had planted the church on that unfavorable
soil, where it is still growing and prospering.
Benjamin Stickley was unique. The Virginia Confer-
ence never had but one 'Uncle Ben,' and will never have
another. Before conversion it was his special delight to
annoy the religious gatherings of Christian people. He
would not raise a disturbance himself, but would induce
others to do so by bribing them with plenty of whiskey.
The more fuss he could make the greater his fun, although
he would keep himself out of sight. When he was con-
verted at a camp meeting he had two bottles of whiskey
in his pockets. His whiskey was a free treat to his rowdy
comrades. He did not sell it to them as camp meeting
roughs have done in later years. When Stickley was con-
verted, he was converted through and through. All his
chums in wickedness were forsaken. His still was at once
CHURCH HISTORY 75
given up. Although he could hardly read his text or his
Scripture lesson, he began holding meetings every Sunday,
sometimes riding forty miles to reach an appointment and
get home. Stickley was poor, he had a large family to
support, and as he received nothing from his preaching he
had to work hard to keep the wolf from the door. He thus
worked several years before he was received into the con-
ference. He was always sent to the mountain circuits,
which were large and whose people were poor. He had to
travel and preach nearly every day in the year and got
little for his work in a pecuniary way. Yet singing and
praying he would go away from conference and home, and
at the end of the year would report more souls gathered
into the church than was true of any of his co-laborers.
He had a powerful voice and Bachtel said of one of his
sermons that it could almost be heard in hell. Stickley
was the first missionary sent across the Alleghenies into
the bounds of what is now the Parkersburg Conference.
What is now West Virginia was then in great part an un-
inhabited wilderness. The mission circuit covered three
hundred miles, with preaching nearly every day in the
year. But a good report was always sure to come, even
if there were little money to mention. Stickley was a
missionary here at the time the Methodist Episcopal Church
split on the slavery question. Excitement was up to the
danger point. One day while he was passing the office of
a leading lawyer of the town of Weston, the lawyer called
him in, saying: "I want to talk with you. Be seated."
Stickley asked what was wanted. "There is great excite-
ment on slavery between the North and the South," was the
reply. "The great Methodist Church has split, the nation
is also going to divide, and it is all important that every
citizen take his stand and show his colors. We all want
to know which way you are going." Stickley responded
with one of his most pleasant smiles, naming the ends of
his mission field: "I go up here north as far as the town
of Fetterman, and south, as far as Steer Creek. If you and
your niggers don’t get religion, you will all go to hell to-
76 UNITED BRETHREN
gether." The lawyer had nothing further to say. Stickley
was known to be an uncompromising Union man. When
the civil war broke out and the Southern feeling became
intensely bitter, Stickley was thrown as a traitor into a
filthy prison. He soon became broken-hearted and his
glorious manhood was squelched. When liberated, he
sacrificed his farm and other property, left the home and
friends of a lifetime, and migrated to Iowa, where in no
long time he died, never recovering his former spirit and
ambition. After preaching a sermon at Washington, Iowa,
and asking the people to sing a hymn, he died in the pulpit.
In 1847 George Hoffman was still a local preacher,
though still an elderly man. He was the senior member
and had traveled a circuit before the old conference was
divided. He did not now go home and do nothing, but
regularly attended the quarterlies and the annual confer-
ences, preaching whenever asked. For some years he was
the conference book agent, serving without a salary and
getting only a small commission on his sales. He thus
made himself a most useful man and was much a factor
in shaping the policies of the church. Hoffman had little
education and was not a great preacher, yet he had great
influence, having the faculty of impressing himself and his
opinions most powerfully on both ministers and laity. He
had very decided convictions as to what was right in the
affairs of the church, and he had the backbone to stand
up to his convictions. Splendid common sense and a great
fund of practical knowledge were his, both in worldly
matters and the affairs of the church. Hoffman was a
very helpful associate, and the ruling authorities of the
church called him much into their councils. He was also
nicest companionable, being a fine talker, full of anecdote
and thrilling incident connected with his long and useful
life, and he had the happy faculty of relating these things
in an interesting way. Many was the time, when the
writer of these reminiscences would go to Hoffman's house,
land work hard all day, perhaps cutting and hauling in fire-
wood, so that the old gentleman might go with him to his
CHURCH HISTORY 77
quarterly meetings in and across the mountains. For
Hoffman was acquainted with every path and every home,
and was loved and respected by all the mountain people.
The same writer gives a personal incident. At a con-
ference session in March, 1850, the only daughter of Jacob
Funkhouser, an interesting young lady, seventeen years of
age, came into church in the afternoon, this being the first
time she attended conference in day time. The pews faced
the doors, and by looking straight ahead, one could see
every ore coming into the church. The writer looked, saw,
and was conquered. By the time she had reached her seat,
he had decided she was the ideal of the woman he wanted.
He had not been thinking of marrying for at least five
years, and in his case there were good reasons why mar-
riage should be delayed. But in looking at Miss Funk-
houser, the matter was settled at once. She and her family
were perfect strangers, yet he made up his mind to marry
her very soon if it were all right with her. He had been
traveling a circuit three years, had been over the whole
conference district, and had become acquainted with hun-
dreds of interesting young ladies, many of them suitable
for becoming the wives of preachers. Yet not one of them
had appealed to him as a wife. There was now the pur-
pose to marry as soon as he could. But it took months of
the most assiduous courting before the wish was accom-
plished. The Funkhousers were Lutherans. A young
Lutheran minister wanted her as much as he did, and
prosecuted his suit with all the power that was in him.
Devotion, perseverance, and ardent love won a triumph,
and the marriage was solemnized by Jacob Markwood. Yet
the couple were permitted to walk together only fourteen
months.
About this time the narrator was assigned to Winches-
ter circuit, which included twenty-nine appointments
scattered over the counties of Frederick, Morgan, Berkeley,
Clarke, and Warren. His colleague was John K. Perry, a
most unpromising candidate, who had a hard time getting
into conference, although it turned out there was no mis-
78 UNITED BRETHREN
take in admitting him. Each of the two men made a round
every five weeks, meeting twice in every round at the house
of Isaac Stanholtz, not far from the Morgan line. There
they spent one night together, the preaching being alter-
nately by the two men. The narrator's revival meeting at
the Quaker meeting house near Anthony Funkhouser's
resulted in about eighty conversions and three new church
buildings: United Brethren, Lutheran, and Reformed. As
preacher-in-charge, he gave a sermon one Sunday morning
at the meeting at Green Spring. The large building was
well filled, both floor and gallery, with intelligent, well-
to-do people. The narrator was thought to be much the
better preacher, and used for his text, "Vanity of vanities,
saith the preacher, all is vanity." But the sermon was a
most wretched failure and very mortifying to the preacher
as well as to all the friends of the church. Jacob Hott
invited him to dinner, as was his custom, his home being
open to all the preachers. Hott was a most excellent judge
of preaching and one of the greatest "Scriptorians" the
writer ever knew. When about halfway home he looked
toward the preachers and said in a laughing manner,
"Brother Statton, it was vanity of vanities all the way
through and nothing but vanity. Why did you not take a
text that had something in it? Then you could have
preached a sermon that we would not be ashamed of." The
good dinner was not enjoyed by a certain one of the guests.
At night Perry preached to another crowded house a ser-
mon that was excellent, considering that at that time he
was inexperienced, and uncouth and awkward in address.
This time he won the laurels and carried them away in
glorious triumph. On this circuit Statton's salary was
$140, his colleague's $100. Yet they lived on what they
received and were happy. Perry was a devout Christian,
lived an honored life, and died in old age at Philadelphia.
Before his conversion George B. Rimel was a hard-
working farmer, and afterward he still labored with his
hands a good deal. He was without human polish and
destitute of the learning of the schools, and from a human
CHURCH HSTORY 79
viewpoint was a most unpromising candidate for the
ministry. Yet he had a strong mind and was unquestion-
ably called to preach the gospel. He was powerful in
prayer and clear and pointed in his application of Bible
truth to the conscience. Churches sometimes err in call-
ing men into church work, but God never does. The work
Rimel performed could not have been done by anyone
else. He was forceful and his style of preaching was much
needed in the early history of the conference. He was its
Boanerges. He gave sledgehammer blows at sin without
fear of the consequences, for there was no fear in him.
During a revival in Harbaugh's Valley, Maryland, his
speech was so plain and hard that the people were greatly
offended. Some half dozen men made an attack on him
as he was going home from meeting. "Boys," said he,
"let me alone. Don't touch me. If you do, I will straighten
my arm on you that the Lord has given me with which to
defend myself, and you will think a horse has kicked you.
I don't want to hurt you." There was no further trouble
in that neighborhood. At another time, while on his way to
Brock's Gap, Rimel lodged with Andrew Horn, a prominent
member near Turleytown. There was a union church in
his neighborhood, and it was a moderately good building for
those days. Horn was asked why it was not used, and was
told that every preacher had been run off by rowdies, this
element having sworn there should be no more preaching
in Turleytown. Rimel asked Horn to circulate an appoint-
ment, an evening in the following week, and he would
preach on his return from the Gap. Horn at length con-
sented, and there was a large congregation. The services
began in the regular way, and until the middle of the
sermon the house was quiet. Then a disturbance arose in
the farther end of the room. In a gentlemanly way Rimel
asked the toughs to behave themselves. This only made
matters worse. Then the preacher paused in his discourse,
and asked if some person would give him the names of
the disturbers. The rowdies bawled out their own names,
and these were written down by Rimel. "To-morrow,"
80 UNITED BRETHREN
said he, "I shall see the proper officers of the law, and
have
you arrested and presented for your unruly conduct here
to-night." There was quiet during the remainder of the
services and another appointment was made. In the morn-
ing Rimel had to pass through the town, where a crowd
of furious men were awaiting him. The leader of the
gang caught the preacher's horse by the bridle and de-
manded that the paper containing the names be given up.
Rimel refused and the bully then attempted to pull him
off the horse. "Hold on," said Rimel, "I can get
off my-
self." As he dismounted he slipped off his overcoat, and
then made the following announcement: "I am not afraid
of all the people in Turleytown, and I can whip them all
if they will fight fair. I can whip the whole pack of you.
I shall only need to get in one or two licks on a man, and
every man I hit will never know what hurt him." He then
made a pass at the rowdy captain, who at once showed the
white feather and ran. Rimel remounted, but had gone
only a little way when some one shouted for him to stop.
The preacher turned about. The spokesman said the men
were sorry for what they had done, and if the matter were
dropped, they would be his friends and protect him in his
meetings, for they much admired a brave man. There
were no more interruptions and Turleytown became a
reformed place.
The Virginia, Maryland, and Parkersburg conferences
were all one in 1818, and included only seven circuits:
Frederick, Hagerstown, Winchester, Woodstock, Rocking-
ham, Augusta, and South Branch. Frederick included all
of Frederick (in Maryland), Carroll, parts of Baltimore
and Montgomery and some territory in Virginia (Lou-
doun?). It was a four weeks circuit. Now (1899) there
are seven charges: Frederick station, Frederick circuit,
Meyersville, Mechanicstown, Keys, Littletown, and Man-
chester. Hagerstown circuit covered all Washington and
parts of Alleghany and Berkeley. In this territory are now
Hagerstown station, Middleburg, Williamsport, Boons-
boro, Keedysville, Berkeley, and Martinsburg station. Win-
CHURCH HISTORY 81
Chester circuit included all of Frederick and Morgan, and
parts of Warren, Berkeley, and Jefferson. In 1849 it was
a five weeks circuit with thirty-two appointments. Wood-
stock circuit included all of Shenandoah and took in the
Lost River country, the fathers preaching at many places
not now occupied by the United Brethren. Rockingham
circuit took in all Rockingham, including the Brock's Gap
region. Augusta circuit was a trip of one hundred miles,
covering all of Augusta and Rockbridge, the Pastures, and
part of Highland. Rut the Presbyterian Church was too
well planted in most of this territory for our denomina-
tion to gain much foothold. The South Branch circuit
covered Hampshire, Hardy, Grant, Mineral, and a part of
Pendleton. Traveling one of these circuits meant some-
thing: self-denial, hardship, living from home all the year,
the great danger from crossing swollen streams, and the
machinations of men who thought it a great thing if they
could get the better of a preacher of the United Brethren
and Methodist churches.
In early days South Branch circuit was called "the Col-
lege." When a preacher found himself assigned to this
field it went very hard to think of going there. Rut his
comrades would come to his rescue, saying he must go
to "the College" willingly or he could not be graduated
into the itinerancy as a permanent member. So he would
always go, but with a wry face and thoughts very emphatic
in their meaning. One of these men was Albert Day, him-
self a native of the North Fork valley, and there converted.
His first year's salary was $50, yet many years afterward
he wrote that it was his "firm conviction that no young
man is fit for the ministry who would refuse to work for
$50 during his first year and the good that he could accom-
plish."
Writing from Minnesota in 1900, John W. Fulkerson
wonders if the walnuts and locusts in front of his child-
hood home are now mammoth trees, the spring a lake, the
hills mountains, the narrow valleys great plains, the sheep-
nose and damson trees scattered to the winds. He was
82 UNITED BRETHREN
received into conference in 1843. The preachers of that
period were sterling men, competent, industrious, and
economical. Ministerial support was meager and called
for economy in the home. Fulkerson was first sent to "the
College," which he found "marvelous in extent, but the
scenery sublime, the air balmy and bracing." The twenty-
four appointments paid $64.40, but Selim, the dapple rid-
mg horse, made the salary go far enough. The moral
atmosphere for producing ministerial life was strong in
Pendleton and Frederick. In his soliloquy on what "some
of our college-padded preachers of to-day would do with
such a charge," Mr. Fulkerson observes that "simplicity
of dress with both men and women has always been an
admonition with me. If the greedy, unnecessary expenses
of the Christian Church in dress, living, and house furnish-
mg were wisely applied to the building of church houses
and missionary effort, the world would soon be brought
to God." United Brethren services were then being trans-
ferred from the German to the English. The Virginia Con-
ference was having four stubborn difficulties to deal with.
The German speech was giving way to the English. The
church could hold the parents, but the children were pass-
ing out of its control. George Hildt, a strong representa-
tive preacher, had four sons preaching in other denomina-
tions. Another was too long a delay in opening church
schools. A third was slavery. Many good, honest slave-
holders attending the services of the church approved its
doctrines and methods. Yet they did not see their way to
become members because they sometimes became owners
of slaves not from choice, but by legacy or marriage. The
last cases of slavery in the United Brethren Church were
disposed of in 1851. A fourth cause was secrecy, which
turned away hundreds. Fulkerson, however, mentions a
fifth, when he remarks that a false attitude on church sup-
port is hard to correct. He preached one full year where
one member of his flock was said to be worth $80,000. At
the end of the year this man handed him a dollar. The
preacher looked at the munificent gift with astonishment.
CHURCH HISTORY 83
"Do not be startled," remarked the money-grubber,
"I
have heard better preaching than you gave — (referring
to the fathers), and it did not cost me a cent."
Before any of the Station family joined the United
Brethren, they called the sect fanatical, because they had
been reared in the blue-stocking idea that all religious
meetings must be conducted in decency and order. When
Rimel was presiding elder the Brethren had a camp-meet-
ing at Gulp's old ground. J. F. Station attended, more
through curiosity than anything else. He was then a young
man of twenty-four and had taught several years in his
home neighborhood. At the Sunday night service Rimel
preached in German, giving sinners such sledgehammer
blows that Station was pounded into unconsciousness.
When he came to himself he found himself at the
mourner's bench, a place he had despised above any other,
not excepting the saloon. Before the altar service closed.
Station was most powerfully converted, and he never got
over the shouting proclivity he then acquired. The Statton
family had a lender recollection of the names of George
B. Rimel, John Ruebush, and John Fulkerson. It was the
devout prayer of J. F. Statton that the outpouring of
the Holy Spirit in Pentecostal showers might return to the
church in all her revivals. "Some of the old fellows are
getting awfully tired of the machinery revivals of the pro-
fessional evangelist."
Andrew J. Haney entered the conference in 1831. He
opened the mission between Knobby Hills and the South
Branch. Hershey, Markwood, Ruebush, and Fulkerson
followed consecutively. "The College" was healthy,
happy,
romantic, the picturesque scenery adding enchantment to
the toil. 1845 was a good year on South Branch, and the
good effects were to be seen many years later. An aged
man dying of cancer asked Fulkerson to preach his funeral
sermon. A day was appointed, the whole country around
gathered, and the preacher talked to them and the sick man
from Isaiah XLVI, 4. The man died within the month.
This was the first and last time he conducted a funeral
84 UNITED BRETHREN
service for a person still living, Haney changed his preach-
ing, from German to English, and though it was a "kind
of mixture," he was still very successful. He made it a
point to look after the young and to interest them in church
activities. His first home as a preacher was with Abraham
Funkhouser, whose two children were taught in English
and this compelled him to converse with them in the same
language. He visited about one hundred families this
year. He rode up to Benjamin Stickley's place and asked
him if he would keep a preacher. "Yes, and his horse
too,"
was the response. Haney praised the purity of the water
and though he did not say so, he thought it ran into a very
filthy place. As they turned away from the spring, he
told Stickley he knew of a purer fountain. The distiller
understood the allusion and said Haney must preach here.
Stickley sent out his children to solicit an audience and
fixed seats under the sugar trees near the stillhouse. It
was after this that Stickley became a Christian and tore out
his still. Both Haney and Hershey held meetings at his
house and a number were there converted. Stickley told
others that after Haney preached his first sermon at his
place ho could make no more whiskey, and that what he
had in his barrels leaked out.
George E. Deneale was "smart and sharp as a tack," but
once found his equal. He was preaching on a week-day
in a private home and few people were present. At the
end of the sermon the preacher asked all who wanted to
go to heaven to rise to their feet. All stood except Mr.
Slimholt. Deneale then asked all who wished to go to hell
to stand. Slimholt remained seated. The minister was
non-plussed. "You are a strange man. You neither want
to go to heaven or hell. Where do you want to go?"
"When I am regularly dismissed, I want to go home," was
the man's reply.
J. Zahn was a good musician and companionable. He
was poor, settled down, and got married. In driving up
to a hotel in Romney he thus addressed the negro porter:
"Monsieur, seize this quadruped by its government,
CHURCH HISTORY 85
extricate it from the vehicle, arrange it in a separate de-
partment, polish it with care, give provender according
to debility of its body, and at even I will compensate your
master." The white in the darky's eyes enlarged, his teeth
shone, and he made this remark to the proprietor, who
was inside the hotel office: "Come out, here is a French-
man talking Greek." After supper the negro turned the
tables on Zahn by a demonstration of his powers as a
singer.
The following pithy characterization has been made as
to certain of the early preachers:
Baer was thoughtful and watchful; Shuey was liberal
and generous; Spessard was feminine and modest; Bachtel
was fearless and independent: Tobey was critical and well
informed; Miles was handsome and animated; Brashear
was a sermon memorizer; Hires was a noble singer and
strong revivalist; Knott Was a giant in exhortation, an
exercise that usually followed a sermon; Rhinehart was
of fine physique, powerful voice, unusual preaching talent,
and tremendous energy in exhortation.
William R. Rhinehart was a tall, stately man, attrac-
tive and commanding, a good scribe, a fine singer, a com-
poser and compiler of music, a good organizer, with aggres-
sive spirit and was an incessant worker. At times he lacked
in the use and application of means to the end he had in
view. He was somewhat learned but not finished. At
times he could produce dashes of fine taste and create
drafts of statement with forcible simplicity and general
admiration. Some of his pulpit 'fine sayings' would occas-
ionally turn a somersault, and hastily plunge into a comic
anecdote or illustration bringing his attitude and system
of thought to grate on the minds of the fastidious. Rhine-
hart’s range of thought and influence as an advocate, filled
an extensive sphere in the church. In his palmiest days
he was a power at camp and quarterly meetings. His
silver eloquence, strung upon the golden thread of the
gospel, would sparkle like diamonds before the minds of
his audience and attract a whole camp meeting. He was
86 UNITED BRETHREN
an advanced reformer, first in journalism, first in temper-
ance work, first in the missionary enterprises, a leader in
sabbath school work and pleaded for a better support of
the ministry. He lived and died leaving a fragrant name
in the church.
Geo. B. Rimel possessed a fine physique,— healthy,
ruddy, beef-eating appearance,— a notably handsome per-
son. His preaching did not consist in pompous phrases
or brilliant expressions, but terse, good sense and original-
ity. His mind moved like a timber wagon loaded with
Bible facts. The lion-hearted Rimel did some good sub-
soil plowing in the Valley of Virginia, and is still remem-
bered kindly by the people; for with his masculine im-
passioned exhortation he could move the people to tears.
Rimel’s individuality was prominent. Strong and reliant,
he held the truth of his own convictions fast in the face of
all opposition.
Joseph M. Hershey in youth was a sizeable man, pos-
sessed emotional emulation. He was bred and born
under the influence of the church, and was decidedly
churchly in his feelings. In dress he was becomingly
costumed, in manners quiet and dignified, occasionally al-
most cold and indifferent, yet domestic in disposition and
loved home and surroundings. As a preacher he was not
a brilliant explorer of the deep things of God, but adorned
his efforts with the force of common sense and aimed at
compactness with some degree of style. The last days
of his life were somewhat foggy, made so by influences
over which he had no control, still we believe he lives
with Jesus.
William R. Coursey was a large man with soft blue
eyes, reticent in his social relations to a fault, but con-
versed agreeably on all subjects when you could interest
Mm. His preaching was on the conversational line. He
reasoned softly, tenderly and eloquently, without enthu-
siasm on his part or exciting violent emotions in his hearers,
but pressed the truth to the judgment by solid facts
founded upon nature and good sense, creating in the mind
CHURCH HISTORY 87
the sensation of peace and repose. Coursey was one of
the best educated men of his day, and possessed a sweet
disposition. By his moral rectitude and careful habits he
had educated his conscience to be his prompter, which
made him one of the purest and brightest ornaments of
the church in his time. He lived and died with the 13th
chapter of First Cor. for his motto. Glossbrenner addressed
the head to reform the life. Hershey aimed at the im-
agination to produce a quickening, Coursey labored to
reach the understanding, that his people might be instructed
in the way of right living.
John Haney was born April 10, 1807: was raised a
German Reformed; was a member of that church when
he began to preach in 1829: joined the Pennsylvania con-
ference in 1830, the Virginia conference in 1831. First
circuit in Virginia, required six weeks and about 100 miles
travel; second year, Haney, Coursey, Glossbrenner and
Hershey travelled together: the third year was made pre-
siding elder and was engaged in extending the work; fol-
lowed Peter Hott and others into Hardy county and opened
the work there. Hershey followed him on that charge.
Sometimes he had thirty appointments. He said in an
experience at the Minnesota conference in 1895, "These
were the happiest days of my life. I had nothing to do but
to gather in the lost sheep of the house of Israel." "I
am
a rough man. but the roughest part is on the outside. I
speak my mind right out: but I never allowed my wrath
to see the sun go down. Now my work is done. 1 have
made preparations to leave. 1 have been much alone-
only the Telescope. Oh, bless the Telescope. God bless
you all. I shall not see you again."
He never needed to use glasses in reading and writing.
Frederick Hisey died in Edinburg, Va., June 20, 1862,
aged about 71 years. In the midst of the confusion of war
times he was buried in haste and without a funeral sermon.
He was a member of the Virginia conference, always a
local preacher, for about 25 years. He was an excellent
blacksmith and worked at his trade on the main street in
88 UNITED BRETHREN
the centre of the village. His home was the preacher's
home. He was of the strictest integrity and his conversa-
tion was always turned to the religious. He reproved
warned and expounded the Scriptures on the street, at
the shop, and in the social circle, to saint and sinner alike
He died triumphant, endeavoring to sing, "A charge to
keep I have, A God to glorify."
89
CHAPTER XI
THE
TRANSITION FROM GERMAN TO ENGLISH
In 1725, probably nineteen-twentieths of the half mil-
lion inhabitants of the Thirteen Colonies were using the
English language exclusively. The Hollanders of New
York and the Swedes of Pennsylvania and Delaware were
fast breaking away from a dependence on the mother
tongue. The Germans in America were as yet few.
After the date just mentioned, the German immigra-
tion became heavy and it almost occupied whole counties
between the Hudson and the James. These foreigners were
industrious and thrifty and showed a capacity for sub-
stantial citizenship. But to a great extent they resisted
Americanization, and to a still greater extent they resisted
the adoption of the English language. They exhibited an
extreme tenacity in clinging to the German idiom, especially
in the talk of the home circle. Where Germans lived in
close contact with English-speaking people, and where, as
a consequence, intermarriages were frequent, the foreign
speech slowly yielded. But when a Scotch-Irishman, for
instance, took a German wife, the children were likely to
become German-speaking and thus new territory would be
conquered for the use of an un-American medium of
thought. Too few of the newcomers were so broad-minded
as pastor Pretorius. He wrote his sons that although they
were of a German father, they were nevertheless born in
America, and he pointed out to them that it would be a
shame if they did not use the language of the country.
Over a considerable part of Pennsylvania the degenerate
form of German known as Pennsylvania Dutch is still in
daily use. It has no educational value, neither has it any
literary development worthy of mention. But in the Val-
ley of Virginia, those who spoke German and those who
spoke English lived as neighbors, and there was much
intercourse between them. Before the present century
90 UNITED BRETHREN
began, the use of German had been almost absolutely
abandoned in this region. There is, however, an area in
the southeast of Pendleton that was settled almost ex-
clusively by Germans. Here are more than a thousand
people, who, in conversing anions themselves, seldom use
anything else than a corrupt jargon now reduced to a very
few hundred foreign words. Not only have these words
lost their grammatical terminations, but the commonest
idea can hardly be expressed without some help from Eng-
lish words. As in the case of the Pennsylvania Dutch, this
crumbling patois serves no necessary or useful purpose
whatever. The people who use it as home talk can neither
understand standard German nor read the huge German
Bibles purchased by their great grandparents. Because
of this devotion to a useless form of speech, the dwellers
in these valleys are superstitious as well as unprogressive.
It holds them back from entering into the full spirit of
American life and American institutions. This group of
people does not include any United Brethren congregations.
As a medium of preaching, the German tongue has been
extinct within the limits of the Virginia Conference for
at least eighty years.
Where the German speech has thoroughly and for some
time been discarded, the descendants of the German immi-
grants of the eighteenth century are almost indistinguish-
able from the mass of the American population. Where
this has not been the case, the descendants still exhibit
foreign peculiarities, are reactionary in spirit, and as
Americans are even yet incompletely assimilated.
An efficient system of popular education, put into force
at least a century ago, would long since have extinguished
this unfortunate display of obstinate conservatism. Not
until 1870 did Virginia take any effectual step in this direc-
tion. Pennsylvania has been almost as great a laggard.
For many decades both these states were much remiss in
the civic as well as educational duties toward their citizens
of non-British origin. In the colonial era the German
immigrant was tolerated rather than made at home. Too
CHURCH HISTORY 91
often he was looked upon as a subject for extortion. In-
stead of seeing that his children, if not himself, developed
into genuine Americans, the propensity of the immigrant
to be clannish was fostered and little Germanys on Ameri-
can soil were unwittingly encouraged.
Otterbein was twenty-seven when he arrived in America,
and he continued to preach wholly in German to people
who knew little English. To the last his conversational
English easily betrayed his foreign birth, although he
finally mastered the art of writing English with force and
clearness. Boehm was born in Pennsylvania, but like
Otterbein he preached only in German. To the end of his
long life he could not express himself in English with
much ease. Geeting, the third of the founders of the United
Brethren Church, also confined himself to the German in
his preaching. But Newcomer soon found it necessary to
preach in English as well as in German. As early as 1800
he found that little German was understood at one of his
Virginia appointments. He remarks that though his Eng-
lish was broken it seemed to make some impression. His
audiences in the Valley of Virginia seem often to have
been mixed, and had he not been able to preach or exhort
in the official language of the United States, his efficiency
as a bishop would have been much impaired.
So it is not correct to say that until 1820 the preaching
of the United Brethren in Virginia was almost exclusively
in German. But until that date the use of German was in
the lead. Only one decade later, English was fast taking
the place of the foreign tongue. There were several rea-
sons for this growing demand for English preaching. For
forty years after the close of the Revolution the renewed
immigration from Germany was very small, and little of
this small amount settled in the region now covered by
the Virginia Conference. The children of the United Breth-
ren families were often educated in English and not in
German. Such persons would prefer to hear preaching in
the adopted tongue. And by reason of intermarriage, or
the settling in of new comers, in nearly every locality
92 UNITED BRETHREN
where the United Brethren fathers planted societies, there
would be people who understood little German or none
at all.
Nevertheless, the church was slow to give up the use
of the foreign speech. Until 1833 German dominated in
the General Conferences. In 1819 a few copies of the
Discipline were printed in English, but it was not until
1837 that this book appeared in English, with the accom-
panying German version looking as though it were a trans-
lation from English to German and not as though the entire
book had been translated from German to English.
This tenacity in holding to a language that has no
official recognition in this country worked against the
numerical growth of the United Brethren Church. By
1820 it counted only 20,000 members. During one decade
there was an actual loss. The children of United Breth-
ren parents who clung to the German noticed that the un-
progressiveness of the latter operated as a handicap in the
matter of civic and social opportunities. There was hence
an extensive drift of the younger generation into other
churches, especially the Methodist.
But when once the speech of America had obtained the
mastery in the United Brethren pulpits, the decline of the
church was arrested. The falling away in membership
gave place to an increase, this increase coming largely from
the non-German elements of the American people. By
1880 only one-twenty-fifth of the total membership of the
United Brethren were adhering to the German.
The United Brethren Church is now a German denomi-
nation only in the sense that a very large majority of its
communicants are of the posterity of the German settlers
of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. But this pos-
terity is now almost entirely American in speech and still
more so in thought. That many people of English, Scotch,
and Welsh descent have joined the United Brethren is not
because of what may still be termed a German complex-
ion, but because of their approval of what the church dis-
tinctively stands for. This non-German element has made
CHURCH HISTORY 93
a very noticeable impression on the life of the organiza-
tion. The non-British beginnings of the United Brethren
are no longer felt. In brief, the United Brethren Church of
1920 is as truly an American church, and in as full har-
mony with American thought, as are the branches of
American Protestantism that are purely of British origin.
But the deluge of foreigners that has been inundating
America since 1810 has called the attention of this church
to new duties. It is in response to this call that the United
Brethren have entered the field of foreign missions. One
of these fields — very appropriately the German — was
opened in 1869.
The United States has no official tongue but the English,
and if the foreigner does not know it on his arrival here,
it is his business to learn it. And yet there is a sense in
which preaching in a foreign tongue to an American con-
gregation is quite proper and even necessary.
The thoughts of the newcomer are cast only in the
mould that is peculiar to his mother tongue. His compre-
hension of thought uttered in English is as limping as the
broken English in which he tries to converse with the
natives of his adopted country. If he is denied the privilege
of hearing Scriptural truths expounded in the only idiom
with which he is truly familiar, a positive wrong will be
done him. It is better for the interests of Christianity, and
even for Americanism in general, that he should retain the
option of listening to a preacher who is at home in the
language in which he was himself reared. But unless there
has been positive neglect, on the part of the newcomer or
the community, or both, the need that applies to the for-
eign-born citizen does not apply to his American-reared
children. In them the bridge has been crossed and should
no longer be necessary.
It is greatly to the credit of the United Brethren that as
a church they have moved along these very lines; slowly,
it is true, yet so surely and effectively that theirs is almost
the only considerable American sect that does not con-
tinue to reveal unmistakably the original foreign impress.
94
CHAPTER
XII
THE CHURCH
IN THE WAR OF 1861
When the result of the election of 1860 was made public,
the quarrel between North and South came to a head.
Within six more months there was open war between the
sections.
In an economic. Or industrial, sense, the territory
covered then by the conference was much more Northern
than Southern. Slaves were few in nearly all its counties,
and were owned by a very small number of the white
people. This was notably the case where the German
element was strongest. The great majority of the farm-
ers worked their land themselves. They had no interest
in slavery and no love for the institution. There was not
the social ban on manual labor that existed in the planting
section of the South. The chief commercial outlet of the
Shenandoah Valley was toward Baltimore and not toward
Richmond.
But on the other hand, the dominating political senti-
ment of the entire valley was of the Southern type, although
not unanimous on the subject of secession. Virginia gave
only a few scattering votes for Lincoln. The electoral
vote of the state was thrown to Bell and Everett, the can-
didates of the Constitutional Union party, their ticket being
heavily supported in the Valley counties. On the Mary-
land side of the Potomac, secession was held in the great
disfavor. In the Virginia counties on or near the Potomac
were not a few persons who were equally hostile to the
doctrine. In the war, the Maryland portion was in Con-
federate hands only on three or four occasions, and for a
very few days at a time. As far south as Strasburg and
Front Royal, the Virginia side alternated from one army to
the other, yet was within the Federal lines the greater por-
tion of the four years. Still farther southward, the Valley
was nearly all the while within the Confederate lines. The
CHURCH HISTORY 95
military situation was therefore such as to encourage
Unionism in the northern half of the Conference district
and discourage it in the southern half.
The stronghold of the United Brethren was first in the
southeast of Pennsylvania and also in the very part of
Maryland that was most hostile to secession. The Church
had been pressing numerously into the West. South of
the Potomac its foothold was very small in area, and
existed only where agriculture was organized about the
same as in the North. As to slavery, we have already seen
that the attitude of the Church was uncompromising. Un-
der all these circumstances, it was inevitable that the United
Brethren, taken in the mass, should have no sympathy with
the Southern program. The small section of the Church
in the two slave states of Maryland and Virginia could not
fail to be out of harmony with the Confederate govern-
ment, and to have sympathetic relations with their much
more numerous brethren in the free states.
Thus the 3,000 members of the Conference were placed
in a difficult position. To all intents and purposes they
were undeniably sympathetic toward the Union cause.
Their feelings were no secret to such of their neighbors as
felt it their duty to side with the Confederacy. To them
the United Brethren were what the pro-Germans were to
the loyal Americans of 1914-18. They were held in dis-
trust and subjected to some persecution. Some of their
preachers were jailed, and some others had to flee from
the state they were living in. Some of the members
crossed over into the Federal lines for the primary purpose
of enlisting in the Federal armies. Throughout the north-
ern side of the Mason and Dixon line, the Brethren were
patriotic in the highest degree. To be a Democrat even,
was in some conferences to be under suspicion or in some
instances to be pushed out of the Church, while to be a
secessionist was to receive no quarter.
We have observed that the northern portion of the
Conference was usually within the Federal lines, while the
contrary was the case with the southern portion. This
96 UNITED BRETHREN
caused a temporary division of the Conference. During
the four years beginning with 1862, one group of its preach-
ers held sessions within Federal territory, while another
group held sessions in Confederate territory. But as a
rule the membership of the two bodies were not at odds
in political sympathy. They were simply making a virtue
of stern necessity.
Bishop Markwood was fiery and uncompromising. No
one could be more fierce in his invective against secession
and everything that was involved with it. There was a
reward for Markwood's arrest, but he made his escape to
the other side of the Potomac. During the war he presided
over the sessions of the northern section of the Conference.
Bishop Glossbrenner, who presided over the southern
section, was of another temperament. He was calm and
conservative. There were a thousand or more of the mem-
bers of his church who were at the outset within the limits
controlled by the government at Richmond. With brief
intervals this continued to be the case until the close of
the war. He was convinced that it was his duty to remain
with them and see that they had such advice and protection
as his influence might command. Otherwise, it was cer-
tain that their hardships would be more severe. It speaks
volumes for the well-balanced prudence of the bishop that
in spite of the suspicion in which his sect was held he
would still be able to retain the respect and confidence of
those in Confederate authority.
In 1863 he applied for permission to go within the
Federal lines in order to attend the northern section of his
conference and also the Pennsylvania Conference. The
request was granted, although, as a matter of course,
Glossbrenner was enjoined not to convey any information
that might work to the disadvantage of the Confederacy.
He was thus put on his honor and the trust was not abused.
On his return similar restrictions were imposed by the
Federal military authority. Yet there was some difficulty
in getting over the lines, both going and coming.
For staying in the South the bishop's motives were
CHURCH HISTORY 97
sharply assailed. After the return of peace he was called
upon to defend his course. This he did to the satisfaction
of his critics. He assured them that he had never wavered
in his loyalty to the Federal government. He had told
Stonewall Jackson to his face that he did not wish the
success of the Confederate arms.
The United Brethren preachers did not pray for the
success of the Confederacy, yet had to be circumspect if
they were to observe the civil authority in force where they
were. The northern section of the Conference was at full
liberty to pass resolutions in support of the Union cause
and did not hesitate to do so. T. F. Brashear, presiding
elder of the southern district in 1862, prayed for Federal
success at the time the army under General Banks was in
camp around Harrisonburg. But Banks had to retire, and
Brashear had to flee. In 1862 the northern conference sec-
tion passed the resolution that "we deeply deplore the un-
avoidable separation from our brethren in Virginia, and
hope that the time is not far in the future when we shall
be permitted to meet as usual and continue our connection
as hitherto. We will thank God that it is no worse with us
than it is and take courage." Strong resolutions were also
passed in the subsequent sessions.
At the end of the war, Markwood exclaimed that there
was no longer a United Brethren church in Virginia. But
this was decidedly an overstatement. The Church in the
Shenandoah valley had seen a very real time of stress, yet
a nucleus had been preserved, and during the war one house
of worship had even been built. This was Salem church
near Singers Glen. But in the devastation that had been
wrought throughout the length of the valley, the mem-
bership that had held together were in poor shape with
respect to church buildings or in the ability to maintain
their preachers. With respect to the paper money of the
Confederate government, they had lost little, since they
did not let it depreciate on their hands. But the close of
the war found them poor, nevertheless. In this emergency
the Marylanders came generously to the relief of their
98 UNITED BRETHREN
brethren on the other side of the Potomac. The war had
not touched them so harshly, yet that they did not come
out unscathed, the following letter, written by Jonathan
Tobey to the Rev. William R. Coursey, will bear witness.
It is dated August 9, 1864, and was mailed from Pleasant
Valley, Maryland.
"We suffered much in our county from the late rebel invasion.
It would take volumes to enumerate all their acts of wrong,
cruelty, and barbarism. They justified their conduct saying Gen.
Hunter did so, and so Hunter's conduct in Virginia is not
justifiable,
but Johnny reb out done him by far. The Johnies they robbed,
kidnapped, and burned in Maryland. They took all the horses
they could see except some lame ones, and all who did not run
off their horses or hide them lost them. They entered private
homes in the night, and demanded of the citizens their purses,
watches, and so forth. They shot a respectable citizen in his
own house and in his own bedchamber. They plundered all the
stores, took meat away, and much they destroyed. They took
wagons, buggies, and harness. They seemed to be savage in their
manner, quite insulting, and threatening, seemed to look upon the
Maryland people as enemies, and treated them as such. They came
back to the county twice since the first invasion, the last time
took some of our citizens prisoners as hostages, for to have some
of their rebs redeemed. It is unhappy living along the border.—
Religion seems now to (be) almost lost, the people were so much
excited and lost so much that (they) seem discouraged, broken
down."
It was asking too much of human nature to expect that
the unpopularity of the Brethren in the Valley of Virginia
could be thrown off in a day. Shortly after the return of
peace. Markwood visited a quarterly meeting at Keezle-
town and was invited to leave. He then went with Simon
Whitesel to a Sunday school and was invited by Whitesel
to address it. The entire audience immediately left, leaving
the two men alone. Yet the unpopularity soon waned and
has long since quite disappeared.
99
CHAPTER
XIII
THE CHURCH
IN RECENT TIMES
It is now a little more than a half-century since the
close of the great American war. To the Church of the
United Brethren this has been an epoch of expansion.
If two lines be drawn from Philadelphia, one to the
northwest corner of the state of Washington, the other to
the southwest corner of California, the space between will
nearly coincide with the territory covered by the church.
The old population to the east, northeast, and southeast is
of non-German origin, and no effort has been made to in-
troduce United Brethrenism in that section. The space
within the angle at the apex is where the Church arose.
Until a time quite recent, the movement of the American
people has been almost exclusively westward. Except in
a very slight degree the membership has not migrated into
New Jersey, New York, or New England, and not in num-
bers sufficient to found churches. Neither has the Church
ever been introduced into the plantation region of the
South, although a reflex wave of settlement of recent date
has placed a few congregations in that part of Virginia
east of the Blue Ridge. But descendants of the original
United Brethren have moved westward very numerously,
and in doing so have established new conferences all the
way to the Pacific shore.
As has been pointed out elsewhere in this volume, it
was once the general opinion among the Brethren that
preaching could be done by men who made no preparation
for it and who gained their livelihood at something else.
The laity listened, but did nothing toward the support of
the preacher except to feed him and his horse when he
came around. This was doing no more than they would
have done for a stranger. At length there was a rising
demand for a change, and the time came when it had
to be reckoned with.
100 UNITED BRETHREN
"No wonder the transition to a paid ministry was slow
and hard. The people themselves made money very slow-
ly, and it was their idea that if the preacher had enough to
eke out an existence, he was abundantly supplied. So
the idea has grown slowly that the minister should be made
comfortable with a support sufficient to enable him to
equip himself and do the best work possible, and that this
support is his of right. Unfortunately, the idea does not
yet prevail among us that it is not the minister's business
to see after the collection of his own support, and that it is
the privilege and duty of the laity to see that the minister,
who is the servant of all, be given this support promptly."
As to how the church of to-day compares with that of
1850, a correspondent expresses the following opinion,
which may be colored by the pessimism that is liable to
accompany old age: "Three log buildings were owned by
the Church, which elsewhere worshiped in schoolhouses
and private homes. There are now twelve good churches
and a half-interest in four or five others. The increase in
membership is 300 to 400, but no greater than the increase
in population. The circuit covered what is now embraced
in three circuits, a part of another, and also a station.
Piety will have to be discounted fifty per cent."
The first church paper was the "Mountain Messenger,"
appearing at Hagerstown, Maryland, in 1833, and edited by
W. R. Rhinehart. Next year he sold out his equipment
and moved to Circleville, Ohio, where he began editing the
"Religious Telescope," the circulation of which was
about
1200 copies. In 1815 David Edwards was conducting the
paper on a salary of $350 a year and his house rent. He
wrote editorials on national peace, and against slavery,
secret orders, liquor, and tobacco. The church publishing
house begun here in a very modest way in 1834, was moved
twenty years later to Dayton, Ohio, and has since developed
into one of the most complete establishment of its kind
in the Union.
A church paper to represent the Virginia Conference
was agitated as early as 1847. By a vote of 18 to 4, it was
CHURCH HISTORY 101
resolved, "that this conference, from the fact that the
Religious Telescope, our church paper, is calculated to
hinder, rather than promote, the church within the bounds
of our conference, in consequence of its containing aboli-
tion matters from time to time, take into consideration
the propriety of publishing within its own borders, a
religious paper for its own benefit." The following year it
was resolved, "that we regard ourselves as having been
misrepresented in the columns of the Telescope during
the past year." The evidences quoted were the article,
"Right Side Up," by the editor, Mr. Edwards. "which
we
regard as saying, substantially, that the wrong side was up
at the time being;" and by "Zethar," concerning
"'a religion
more refined and less repulsive to the feelings of the fash-
ionable,' which, with its connection, we regard as saying
of us that our resolution proposing to 'consider the
propriety,' etc., approbated upon our part the refinement
and fashionableness related to slavery."
These resolutions show, after all, that the Virginia mem-
bership was sensitive on the topic of slavery. That this
membership was but a small part of the total membership
of the church, and that it was resident in a locality not
thoroughly permeated by the slave labor system, were the
conditions that prevented a schism, comparable to that
which took place a few years earlier in the Methodist
Episcopal Church,
"The Conference News" was finally established as the
local organ of the Virginia Conference, but it was discon-
tinued in 1911.
As to the province of a denominational paper, the pro-
jector of this book made the following observations:
"Debate is inherent in democracy. As the highest form
of government, democracy demands the highest intelligence
and the soundest morality. The Puritan experiment in gov-
ernment provided the town meeting and the schoolhouse
by the side of the church.
The United Brethren in theory is the most democratic
church in America. Have we made the full, intelligent,
102 UNITED BRETHREN
and general participation of our people in church govern-
ment one of our distinctive characteristics? Our highest
law-making body is made by the direct vote of our people,
and yet how few voted in the recent election.
The forum must be our church paper.
The General Conference is one-half ministers (of whom
one-half follow the leaders) and one-half laymen, few of
whom have given thought to church problems or taken an
active part in legislation. These will come with good hearts
but feeling the need of more information. If there is lack
of vision, where's the wonder?"
For many years instrumental music in church worship
was held in great disfavor, and so late as 1865 there was
a rule against its use. Neither were there any choirs, and
ministers never thought of reading their sermons. It was
about this time that that stern conservative. Bishop
Edwards, protested against placing an organ in the Sun-
day school at Dayton, Ohio. This prejudice has faded
away, as has also the prejudice against mustaches and long
beards among the ministers.
So late as 1845 the Church was taking little interest
in frontier and foreign missions, the reasons being thus
summed up by a minister who began preaching about the
time mentioned: "A want of information concerning the
state of the world, and the little interest the preachers feel
on the subject. There is not the taste for reading among
us there ought to be. Intelligence, liberality, and virtue
generally go hand in hand." And yet foreign missionary
work was begun in 1854, and in the home field still earlier.
There are now missions in Japan, China, Africa, the Philip-
pines and Porto Rico.
A mission in Germany was opened in 1869. As a peo-
ple mainly of German origin, the United Brethren would
seem eminently suited to arrest the coming back of the
thinly disguised Teutonic paganism which has been so
painfully in evidence since 1914. Even in the youth of
Otterbein, the German Reformation of the sixteen century
had spent its force. He was himself aware of the wave
of rationalism that was spreading mental and moral ruin
CHURCH HISTORY 103
in its haughty and self-sufficient march over Germany.
The established churches of that land were forced into a
subservient attitude toward the state. This is why Spener,
himself a Lutheran, sought comfort in separation from the
ruling elements of life. This explains why he and his fol-
lowers sought to promote inward piety in the restricted
fellowship of kindred souls.
The earliest history of the United Brethren Church is
Spayth's, and it did not appear until 1851. It has been
followed by several others, and by many volumes on bio-
graphy and reminiscence.
A church paper to represent the narrowing German-
speaking element was started in Baltimore in 1841. The
General Sunday School Board appeared in 1865, the Board
of Education and the Church Erection Society in 1869, and
the Woman's Missionary Association in 1875.
The most momentous changes took place in the quad-
rennium, 1885-9. A revised Confession of Faith and a
new Constitution were drawn up in 1885, and voted upon
by the Church in November, 1889. Lay representation now
took effect and the rule as to secret orders was modified.
The time limit was removed in 1893. The vote in the Gen-
eral Conference in favor of the changes was 110 to 20.
It produced the first and only schism that has yet appeared
among the United Brethren. Of the 20 members voting
in the negative, 14 withdrew from the Conference. Among
them was Bishop Wright. They and their followers be-
lieved with entire sincerity that they could not see their
way to an acceptance of what they held to be a serious
departure from the old standards. This wing claimed to
be the real United Brethren Church, and the litigation
which ensued was not finally settled until 1895. The Old
Constitution wing of the United Brethren is an entirely
separate church organization, but has no distinct official
name. In adhering to the Constitution and Confession of
Faith as observed by the whole denomination prior to
1885, the Old Constitution wing adheres to the ban against
secret orders. Some differences in church government
104 UNITED BRETHREN
and management have arisen in the past thirty years, and
a careful conservatism marks this branch in financial and
other matters. The Old Constitution United Brethren are
particularly strong in the West, yet have a membership of
1500 to 2000 within the limits of the Virginia Conference,
grouped in the Augusta circuit and the Highland and North
Fork missions. The number of preaching places is about
20. This church has a college and publishing house at
Huntington, Indiana, and from the latter issues a church
paper, “The Christian Conservator.”
With the one exception of the Disciples of Christ, the
Church founded by Otterbein and Boehm is the largest of
the American-born branches of Protestantism. It has
steadily attracted to its fold persons of other than German
descent, and that element in its membership is not incon-
siderable in point of number and influence. The fathers
of organization were averse to founding a new church, and
for a while the United Brethren were quite favorable to a
union with kindred denominations. This feeling is now
much less in evidence owing to a growth in denominational
pride.
The United Brethren Church no longer bears a distinct
impress of foreignism. In this particular, not even the
divorce from the German language is so significant as its
refusal to espouse non-resistance as an article in its creed.
An overwhelming majority of the American people detest
war as much as do the Quakers and Mennonites. But they
believe that when war is thrust upon a people, it is as much
the duty of that people to take up arms as it is the duty of
the private citizen to resist the outlaw who wantonly assails
him. They note an inconsistency in the man who pays war
taxes or buys bonds for war purposes, yet is unwilling
to enroll as a soldier.
There is a broad distinction between the Germans of
the Germany of to-day and the German emigrants to
America in the eighteenth century. The former have been
hypnotized and indoctrinated by their autocratic leaders
into an implicit belief that their national welfare rests on
CHURCH HISTORY 105
ruthless force and wholesale plunder. Genuine Christian-
ity had no place in the program marked out by these lead-
ers. On the other hand, the Germans who came to America
in the half-century 1725-75, were essentially a religious and
democratic people. Many of them were pacifists. All the
non-resistant denominations in America, not excepting
even the Quakers, are directly or indirectly of German
origin. But the non-resistant sect becomes in some meas-
ure a cave of Adullam for the slacker in civic duty. In
pacifist churches of a German origin may be found con-
gregations almost wholly of non-German blood, the in-
fluence leading them here being an easy way to shirk mili-
tary service.
The Moravians hold non-resistant principles, and their
missionaries were able to persuade many a war-party of
Indians to turn back. Yet they cheerfully paid taxes for
the cause of American independence, and when their town
of Bethlehem was in danger of attack, they fortified and
provisioned it, and armed themselves. In the same war
Quakers and Mennonites furnished money and provisions,
and many of them became soldiers. In that conflict the
greatest American general except Washington was a son
of Quaker parents.
106
CHAPTER
XIV
MOVEMENTS
TOWARD UNION WITH OTHER
CHURCHES
The points of resemblance between the United Breth-
ren and the Methodists have often been a subject of com-
ment. In theological belief there is complete accord. Each
body has a record as a revival church and has made much
use of camp meetings. Each uses almost precisely the
same terms throughout in designating the various features
of its organization. Each has its conferences, its quarterly
meetings, and its class meetings. Each has its bishops,
presiding elders, local preachers, and exhorters. Each has
its stations and circuits. Each has a well-developed itiner-
ant system.
But the resemblance is almost wholly a matter of coin-
cidence. Neither church is an offshoot of the other.
Identity in purpose and methods has led to a very close
identity in organization.
The church of the United Brethren may very truly be
said to begin in that sermon by Otterbein at Lancaster
which marks the turning-point in the character of his
ministry. We do not know the precise year, but 1755 is an
approximate date. Boehm began to preach in 1758. At
the memorable meeting in Long's barn, about 1768, the
movement began to assume tangible form. The confer-
ences of 1789, 1891, and 1800 were a recognition of a state
of things already existing. The new church was in opera-
tion, even if there were not yet an official name or more
than an informal organization.
The Wesleyan movement arose in England, and was
introduced into American by Strawbridge, a local preacher
who settled in the north of Maryland about 1765. The
first Methodist class was formed in the city of New York
by Philip Embury and Barbara Heck in 1766. Both these
persons, by the way, were of German parentage. In 1773
CHURCH HISTORY 107
the first conference represented only six circuits and fewer
than 1200 members. As an independent church. Method
ism in America began on Christmas day, 1784, with about
15,000 members, nearly nine-tenths of them living in the
South. Thus the area in which the two churches appeared
was nearly the same, the Methodist territory being the
more extensive.
Had Otterbein and Boehm used the English tongue ex-
clusively, the founders of the United Brethren movement
and the founders of American Methodism would have been
drawn irresistibly together to work in a single organiza-
tion. It was a Methodist bishop who said that if the mes-
sage of Otterbein had been in English instead of German,
he would have been the logical leader of the general
evangelical movement in this country. But Otterbein,
Boehm, and Geeting preached exclusively in German, and
therefore to people of German birth or parentage. The
early Methodists knew nothing of German, and preached
in English to people who understood English, this class
then including only a small proportion of the German
element. There was consequently little overlapping of
effort, and little ground for jealousy or rivalry. The dif-
ference between the two sects was little else than a differ-
ence in language, and incidentally in national origin. Each
addressed the audience it was best fitted to address, and
left to the sister organization the duty of looking after
other people. That the United Brethren and the Methodist
churches should spring up side by side was therefore the
most natural thing in the world.
As there is a striking similarity between these two
bodies, so is there a striking correspondence between Wil-
liam Otterbein and John Wesley. Each man was a thor-
oughly educated scholar. Each grew up in the communion
of a strong ecclesiastical system, to which his attachment
was strong. Nevertheless, the time came when Otterbein
could no longer work within the Reformed Church nor
Wesley within the Church of England. Like Otterbein,
Wesley began preaching before he was an entirely con-
108 UNITED BRETHREN
verted man. The religious destiny of Otterbein was deter-
mined by the small evangelical society of the Pietists, just
as that of Wesley was determined by the small evangelical
sect of the Moravians. Each man discarded the exclusive
use of churchly robes and a churchly pulpit, and went out
to preach extemporaneously wherever he could gather an
audience. The message of each was to the common people,
and the common people heard them. Each was persecuted
by churchmen as well as by the rabble, and each rose above
these hindrances. Neither Otterbein nor Wesley had any
desire to found a new church. Each tried to leaven the
church in which he had been reared, and it was only when
the opposition within that church could not be overcome
that he gave his consent to the necessary measure of set-
ting up a new one. Even then, Otterbein never formally
or of his own accord withdrew from the Reformed Church,
nor did Wesley sever his connection with the Church of
England.
But though the broken English of the early United
Brethren gave the early Methodists some trouble in carry-
ing on a conversation, each band of Christians recognized
from the first that the other was made up of fellow laborers
in an identical cause. The difference in language in fact
made for friendship by removing a ground for one sect
to interfere with what the other was doing. In a period
of denominational narrowness and prejudice, it is there-
fore pleasant to note the exceptionally cordial relations
between the United Brethren and the Methodists during the
formative period in the history of each.
Between Otterbein, the senior founder of the United
Brethren, and Asbury. the pioneer Methodist bishop, there
was an attachment that was intimate and affectionate. The
latter considered the former to be the foremost theologian
in America. Asbury was instrumental in causing Otter-
bein to go to Baltimore. Otterbein assisted in the ordina-
tion of Asbury, and at the special request of the latter. It
was Asbury who preached the sermon at the funeral of
Otterbein. And as we might suppose, Otterbein had a high
CHURCH HISTORY 109
opinion of Wesley and the Methodists.
A union of the two churches was thought of at an early
day. But until the close of 1784, the Methodists were a
society within the Church of England. To the fathers of
the United Brethren this was an obstacle. Another objec-
tion was the adherence of the early Methodists to the doc-
trine of apostolic succession. They held that it was wrong
for any preacher to presume to administer the sacraments
unless he had been regularly ordained by a bishop of the
established church, and the doctrine assumes that there
has been an unbroken line of ordination ever since the
days of the apostles. Both objections came to lose all their
force in consequence of the great unlikeness which has
developed between the Methodist Church and the Church
of England.
A friendly correspondence looking toward union was
begun by the Methodist conference of 1809, held in Har-
risonburg. This is spoken of in our extracts from New-
comer's Journal. A close cooperation with the Methodists
was given much attention in the United Brethren confer-
ences of 1809 and 1810. By an agreement of 1812, any
meeting-house of either church was open to the other when
the church in possession was not using it. Members of
either church were freely admitted to the class-meetings,
prayer meetings, and love-feasts of the other. German
converts usually went into the United Brethren Church
and English-speaking converts into the Methodist. In 1813
an address signed by Asbury was received from the Metho-
dist conference, and a reply was ordered so as "more and
more to effect a union between the two churches." In
1814 a letter from the Baltimore Conference of the Metho-
dists expressed its gratification at the friendly relations
with the United Brethren, and hoped these relations might
continue.
But organic union does not seem to have been strongly
favored on either side. By the word "union" in the
United
Brethren letter of 1813 was meant no more than friendly
cooperation. Asbury was a very efficient superintendent.
110 UNITED BRETHREN
but did not bring Methodism into direct touch with those
inhabitants of America who did not speak English.
America was not then a polyglot country. German was
the only other tongue spoken by any considerable number
of white Americans. Even in that day the stubbornness
with which the German element clung to the German
speech was deemed unreasonable and anti-American. And
on the side of the United Brethren it may have been felt
that in consequence of the temperamental and other dif-
ferences between these two groups of Christians, it might
be better if each were to retain its separate organization.
Rut this failure to unite did not lead to a sundering of
fraternal relations. Methodist ministers often visited the
conferences of the United Brethren, and United Brethren
ministers often visited the conferences of the Methodists.
During the war for American Independence the Metho-
dists began to grow rapidly, and it was then that Methodist
preachers began to appear in the German settlements of
Maryland and its neighboring states. These "English
brethren," as they were styled, were gladly received. Even
the wife of Bishop Boehm joined the Methodists and so
did some of her sons.
Asbury died in 1816. A Methodist presiding elder, in
an excess of denominational zeal suspended the working
arrangement with the United Brethren, and insisted that
Wesley's rules be strictly followed. One of these rules
prescribed who should and who should not be admitted to
social meetings. It had been necessary in England, because
such meetings, if open, were subject to interruption by
gangs of outlaws. In the America of 1810 no such caution
was necessary and the rule soon became a dead letter.
For a while, the social meetings of the Methodists were
closed against the United Brethren. It is unfortunate that
this reactionary policy arose, yet it has long since passed
away.
In the matter of church government, there is a differ-
ence between the United Brethren and the Methodists.
The former regard their system as the more democratic,
and prefer it to the more centrally organized system of
CHURCH HISTORY 111
the other church. Their bishop is chosen for a term and
not for life; their presiding elders are chosen annually;
their congregations have more control over their local con-
cerns. They regard Methodism as autocratic, and yet the
general efficiency of this feature has contributed very
largely to the phenomenal growth of the sister church.
The United Brethren have lost the characteristics that
for several decades marked them out as one of the Ger-
man sects of America. Their very origin as a German sect
is now almost lost to view. But though the points of
difference which once stood in the way of an organic union
with the Methodists have been removed, no action looking
toward a merger has since taken place. But in recognition
of the fact that in spirit and polity the United Brethren are
of the Methodist group of churches, they were invited to
send delegates to the Methodist ecumenical conferences
of 1881 and 1891. For a rather technical reason Bishop
Glossbrenner saw fit to oppose an acceptance.
About the year 1800, the Albright Brethren, a German
speaking body of Methodists, seceded from the parent
denomination. In 1813 they had fifteen itinerants and
about eight hundred members. In April of this year Bishop
Newcomer visited the Albright conference and received
a letter to be given the United Brethren conference of the
same year. The latter assembly appointed a committee
of four, which met an Albright committee of the same size
at New Berlin, Pennsylvania. A discussion of several days
did not reach any conclusion. The Albright General Con-
ference of 1816 adopted the name of Evangelical Associa-
tion for their sect, and discussed the proposed union. A
committee of six persons from each church conferred in
1817 at the home of Henry Kumler, but failed to come to
any understanding, and no further negotiations appear to
have been attempted. The Evangelicals thought the work-
ins of the United Brethren itinerancy was too lose.
The proposed merging of the United Brethren with the
Cumberland Presbyterians, the Methodist Protestants, and
the Congregationalists, is a matter of very recent history.
112 UNITED BRETHREN
That a union with the last named body did not take place
is very easy to understand. The two denominations have
overlapped only in a very slight degree, and have been very
little acquainted with one another. There is a wide tem-
permental difference in the membership of the two
churches. Among the Congregationalists each local body
is entirely independent of any other and in church govern-
ment is strictly democratic. There is much more in com-
mon between the United Brethren and the two other
denominations. That any merger failed even here is per-
haps due to the denominational pride that makes any form
or degree of church unity very difficult to achieve in prac-
tice, although in theory it may be warmly advocated.
113
CHAPTER XV
CONCERNING
SLAVERY AND INTOXICANTS
Slavery existed in all the colonies when the United
Brethren Church was in course of formation. In Pennsyl-
vania the institution never had more than a slight hold,
and after American independence came was soon abolished.
The Western States, into which the church spread, were
free territory by virtue of the famous Ordinance of 1787.
Maryland, Virginia, and Tennessee were slave states until
after the war of 1861 had begun. Therefore, the ground
covered by our church was, until the last-named event,
partly free and partly slave.
Yet from the first the sentiment of the church was dis-
tinctly against the institution of slavery. This was partly
because the Germans of America were very generally
averse to holding slaves. It was partly because some of
their sects had religious scruples that stood in the way.
But fundamentally the objection of these people to slavery
had an economic source. The United Brethren were
not generally large land owners but small farmers. Such
men had no place for slavery. Without exception, all the
counties in which our church arose were overwhelmingly
white in population, and consequently the actual number
of slaveholders in them was very small.
The General Conference of 1817 was held in Pennsyl-
vania and adopted a rule on slavery which is stated in very
explicit and energetic language. It resolved that “all
slavery, in every sense of the word, be totally prohibited
and in no way tolerated in our community." Members
of the church who were holding slaves at the time were
required to set them free, or to ask the quarterly confer-
ence to determine how long a slave might be held in order
that the owner might thus be compensated by labor for
his purchase-money, or the cost of raising the negro. And
114 UNITED BRETHREN
in no case should a member sell a slave. A reprimand
was to follow any violation of this rule, and if the reprimand
were not observed, expulsion was to follow. It is to be
noted that this rule was adopted just after the enactment
of the Missouri Compromise, and therefore at a time when
the line between free and slave territory was sharply
drawn.
The rule of 1817 remained in force and was closely
observed. It was enforced by Bishop Glossbrenner against
his own father-in-law. Some persons thought the rule
should not have been so drastic, and in certain circum-
stances, as when slave property was inherited, it worked
some hardship. There was, indeed, in the Virginia Con-
ference an element that disapproved of the rule on slavery
as well as on secret societies. Nevertheless, the position
taken by the leaders of the church was so well sustained
that there was no schism, such as occurred in the Methodist
Episcopal Church.
When the United Brethren Church was taken root in
the Valley of Virginia, slavery had relatively a much
weaker hold in that district than in 1860. And as white
labor was there still general at the latter date, the church
was able to hold its ground. But the slave power was
politically dominant throughout the South, and any sect
holding a pronounced anti-slavery attitude was certain to
be under suspicion as an ally of the abolition sentiment in
the North. Thus, until 1860, the United Brethren were
never able to spread much beyond that area in Virginia
which was covered by them in 1800. Nowhere else in the
South did they gain a foothold, save in the valley of East
Tennessee. Now that slavery is gone, there is outwardly
no reason why the United Brethren should not win new
territory in the South. Yet their lack of harmony with
the prevailing sentiment of the South continues to render
that section: closed field. The church has been shut out
of the South by its stand on slavery, and out of the cities
by its stand on secret fraternities.
"Forty years before the civil war the General Confer-
ence made slavery a test of membership. No man who
CHURCH HISTORY 115
owned slaves and would not arrange to free them, could
remain a member of the church. This rule was never
modified, but its enforcement was the more demanded as
the abolition sentiment in the country grew in force and
intensity. This, of course, kept the church out of the
South, except in the north of Virginia, where the church
had been carried by the German settlers before the ques-
tion of slavery attracted public attention. The Germans
worked with their hands, and did not own or employ
slaves, except in rare cases where a house woman or a
farm hand was owned as the most available way of securing
needed help in a community where slave labor was the
rule. This was winked at only during the civil war, when
other labor could not be had. Otherwise, it was not
tolerated. Christian Shuey, who gave the land and assisted
largely in building Bethlehem church near Swoope Depot,
was a small slave owner. Although he was reared in a
home where the fathers preached, and although he was the
class leader and mainstay of his congregation, his son and
his son-in-law enforced the church law against him, and
expelled him from membership in his own church. How-
ever, the question of character was not involved in this
violation of church law, for Christian Shuey remained loyal
to his church and was its standby until his death. He con-
tinued to be the leader of the class from which he was
technically expelled."
In the matter of intoxicants the position taken by the
United Brethren from the first is highly creditable. The
German settlers of the eighteenth century were a temperate
people. They did not have the beer-loving propensity of
the modern German, a habit which has made that element
in America a laggard in the march of prohibition. Again,
the United Brethren put themselves on record at a time
when the drinking habit lacked little of being universal
in this country.
It is often asserted that in the "good old days" liquor
was purer than it is now, and that although drinking was
prevalent, intoxication was rare. The statement is echoed
116 UNITED BRETHREN
time after time, as though its truth were unquestionable.
And yet its only foundation is a mirage; an illusion of
human nature that is very aptly expressed in the following
couplet:
Tis distance lends
enchantment to the view,
And robes the mountains
in their azure hue.
The only solid fact in the statement mentioned is that
in those "good old days,"— about which, by the way,
there
is so much of humbug — the intoxicating element in liquor
was generally alcohol, and not so much as now, a com-
pound of corrosive chemicals. Alcohol is alcohol, the
world over, and its effects on the human system are but
slightly influenced by climate or race. Instead of actual
drunkenness being less frequent than now, it was more
frequent. The authority for this assertion is abundant
and unimpeachable. Washington said in 1789 that drink
was the ruin of half the workmen in America. An eminent
French visitor of the same period said that the most com-
mon vice of the inferior class of the American people was
drunkenness. The Continental Congress of 1777 passed a
resolution that the state legislatures should at once pass
laws “the most effectual for putting a stop to the pernicious
practice of distilling grain." But this resolution was too
far in advance of the public sentiment of the day and was
laid on the table.
In our time it requires no high degree of courage to
denounce the rum trade, for the simple reason that the
business is now under the ban of the best public opinion.
But a century ago the traffic was so strongly entrenched
in the social customs of even the best classes of society
that the person presuming to antagonize it was called a
visionary or a fanatic.
The decanter was then in almost every home. Tem-
perance sermons were not preached, neither were there
any temperance societies. High church officials drank to
intoxication. Drinking was carried on at marriages, births,
and burials. When a doctor visited a patient he was offered
a dram. Speaking in 1820, a pastor in the city of New
CHURCH HISTORY 117
York said it was difficult to make pastoral visits for a day
without becoming intoxicated. Dr. Daniel Dorchester
quotes a minister of that period as saying he could count
up among his acquaintances forty ministers who were
drunkards, or who were so far addicted to the use of
drink that their usefulness was impaired. Coming nearer
home, all but one of the eight deacons of a certain church
were in 1839 actively engaged in distilling whiskey. And
this was within the present bounds of the Virginia Con-
ference.
And yet we find the United Brethren Conference rul-
ing — as early as 1814 — that "every member shall abstain
from strong drink, and use it only on necessity as medi-
cine." Seven years later, the General Conference ruled
that "neither preacher nor lay member shall be allowed
to carry on a distillery." Outside of our church there is
in American history no ecclesiastical action on record of
earlier date than 1811. The one of 1811 took place in
New England, and exerted very little influence outside.
It was not until 1826, when the American Temperance
Society was organized, that the evangelical churches of the
United States put themselves on record as opponents of
the liquor trade. In 1841 came the adoption by the United
Brethren of the rule which declares that "the distilling,
vending, and use of ardent spirits as a beverage shall be
and is hereby forbidden throughout our society." The
Church thus became a total abstinence society, and such
it has ever since remained.
Nevertheless, the early restrictive legislation was not
always heeded. The conference of 1831 took this action
concerning one of its members: "Resolved, if Conrad
Weist don't quit making liquor and preach more, he shall
have his license demanded." Evidently this remedy was
not effective, for six years later it is ordered that "it be
published in the Telescope that Conrad Weist is no longer
a preacher among us."
As in the case of alcohol, the use of tobacco is no more
nor less than a phase of the drug habit. In this matter
118 UNITED BRETHREN
the United Brethren early took advanced ground, notwith-
standing the fact that this denomination arose in a tobacco-
growing region, and likewise where the tobacco habit has
always been very prevalent. The objection raised within
the Church is that the habit is unhealthful, unsanitary,
unnecessary, an offense to neatness, and particularly un-
becoming in a minister.
In 1867 this resolution was adopted: "That the minis-
ters of the Virginia Conference be advised to discontinue
the habit of using tobacco in all its forms." Since then
tobacco has repeatedly been denounced on the floor of
conference. At the present time it is tacitly understood
that applicants for admission to that body are expected
to be abstainers from the weed, and that persistence in
the habit by the older members operates as a bar to their
advancement to high position.
119
CHAPTER
XVI
CONCERNING
SECRET SOCIETIES
In the century in which we live, secret fraternities are
numerous. In the early years of the United Brethren
church there were very few of them. The Masonic order
was vastly more conspicuous than any other. As new
societies arose, they were regarded as directly or indirectly
the oftspring of the Masonic by those persons who were
opposed to secret societies in general.
Otterbein and Boehm were in agreement with Wesley
in holding secret fraternities in much disfavor. As a class,
the Germans in America were very hostile to Freemasonry.
It thus followed that for several decades there was very-
general opposition to secret orders within the United
Brethren church.
It was held that if there is anything good in secrecy,
the public need not be kept in ignorance; and that if there
is anything bad in it, the bad ought not to be shielded by
an oath-bound veil. The claims of Masonry — thought
to be anti-Christian and of no divine origin. To the Men-
nonite element the Masonic oaths were an offense. It was
held to be sinful for the initiate to swear to obey a code
of laws he was not acquainted with. As to the promise
made to the person about to enter the order - that there
is nothing in its oaths to do violence to his duties to him-
self, his country, and his God - it was held that this was
a mere man-made opinion and not necessarily correct
And the admission by the Masons that the name of Jesus
may not be used in their services was viewed as a stumb-
ling-block that could not be surmounted.
In 1826 one William Morgan, a man residing in the
west of New York, was known to be on the point of
publishing a book that purported to be an exposure of
Freemasonry. He was abducted and never again heard
Of, What became of him is still a secret to the world at
120 UNITED BRETHREN
large, but the opponents of the order were convinced that
Morgan was put out of the way and his body sunk in
Lake Erie. There was great excitement over the matter
throughout the United States. A new political party was
formed — the Anti-Masonic — and in one presidential elec-
tion, it carried the state of Vermont.
Within the United Brethren Church the opposition to
Masonry did not begin with the Morgan affair. Several
months earlier the Miami Conference resolved by a unani-
mous vote that it would bear with those of its brethren
who had already joined the Masons, so long as they did
not attend Masonic lodges; but that if any member sub-
sequently joined the order he should be expelled. Three
years later, the General Conference resolved by a unani-
mous vote that "in no way or manner shall Freemasonry
be approved or tolerated in our church," and that "if
any
member join the Freemasons, such member, by such an
act, excludes himself from membership in our church."
At this time the grounds of the opposition against the
Masons were substantially the same as the following digest
of the charges formulated by a convention of men who
had withdrawn from the fraternity.
These men declared that Masonry assumes to exercise
a jurisdiction over the citizens of any country in which it
exists; that it claims the right to punish its members for
offense unknown to the laws of our nation; that it con-
ceals crime and the person committing the crime; that
it provides opportunity for plots against persons and the
very government itself; that it encourages crime by pro-
viding ways for the guilty to escape; that it assumes un-
republican titles and dignities and creates odious aristo-
cracies; that it blasphemes the name of God and makes
the Bible subserve its own concern; that by a profane use
of religious forms it destroys a veneration for religion;
that it promotes idleness and intemperance; that it accumu-
lates at the expense of the indigent, funds to be used in
dissipation; that it contracts human sympathy by con-
ferring its favors and its charities on its members only.
CHURCH HISTORY 121
But new fraternities appeared, and during the last
eighty years they have become increasingly numerous.
The Sons of Temperance, the pioneer of the anti-liquor
secret societies, arose in 1842. Many of the younger peo-
ple among the United Brethren went into its "divisions"
(lodges) in the belief that the considerations urged against
Masonry could not apply to a society whose leading aim
was to further a cause very dear to the Church. And
there were other persons in the denomination who were
restive under the rulings on secret orders, and did not
always observe them, even with respect to Masonry. This
was particularly the case within the domain of the Vir-
ginia Conference.
As against the claims presented against the Masonic
and other orders in a preceding paragraph, we now quote
the substance of an address by Jacob Bachtel before the
General Conference of 1849. In this session the rule that
stood in the Discipline until 1861 was presented. It was
adopted by a vote of thirty-three yeas and two nays.
Bachtel and Markwood were the delegates voting in the
negative. Burtner, the third delegate, was neutral. Mr.
Bachtel spoke as follows:
'This report includes all secret orders. I am not much,
if any, opposed to Masonry, and can not and will not
turn a man out of the church, or refuse him admission
to the church, on account of his being a Mason. I can not
turn the Odd-fellows out or reject them. The object of
the Sons of Temperance is grand, noble, and benevolent.
They have done much good in Virginia, and have been
the means of reforming many drunkards. Their secrecy
is no just ground of objection. The disciples had secrets;
warriors have secrets; the Church has secrets; annual
conferences have secrets; sometimes it is necessary for
them to have secret sessions, and there ought to be more.
These societies must have secrets, or tests, to secure them-
selves against fraud and imposition. The passage of this
resolution will nearly ruin the church in our conference."
122 UNITED BRETHREN
Within the United Brethren Church, two wings, styled
the radical and the liberal, were now arrayed against each
other. The radicals held inflexibly to the traditional policy
of the church. They conceded that not all fraternities
might be harmful in tendency, but they did object to
letting down the bars. They insisted that the new societies
imitated the mechanism of the Masonic order. They also
insisted that the essence of secrecy is the same, whatever
the avowed or unavowed objects, and that secrecy muzzles
freedom of opinion. They thought it better for the church
to keep clear of all fraternities, so that ministers and mem-
bers might be free to utter their honest, untrammeled opin-
ion at any time, and without asking the permission of
any secret organization whatever. They thought that
serious complications with respect to church discipline
might result if all restrictions were withdrawn. The
liberals, on the other hand, maintained that a rigid, un-
compromising rule was unwise and not in harmony with
the spirit of the age. Their ranks were largely recruited
from the non-German elements in the church membership.
But the popular feeling against the Masons subsided.
This ancient order maintained its ground, and many new
fraternities arose. Meanwhile, the liberal element within
the United Brethren Church grew stronger and stronger,
and in 1885 was able to secure the adoption of the modified
rule which is now in force. This rule runs as follows:
A secret combination, in the sense of the Constitution, is a
secret
league or confederation of persons holding principles and laws
at variance with the Word of God, and injurious to Christian
character as evinced in individual life, and infringing upon the
natural, social, political, or religious rights of those outside
its pale.
Any member or minister of our Church found in connection
with such combination shall be dealt with as in other cases of
disobedience to the order and discipline of the Church.— in case
of members, as found on page 23 of Discipline in answer to the
third question of Section E, Chapter IV, and in case of ministers,
as found in Chapter VI, Section 13, page 65.
Men of the type of Bishop Edwards were fierce in their
denunciation of secret orders in general and the Masonic
in particular, and that positive-minded man never receded
CHURCH HISTORY 123
from his opinion. The stand taken by the Church was at
first quite unanimously upheld and was very long con-
tinued. It operated to very nearly exclude the Church
from the centers of population and cause it to be a church
of the rural sections almost wholly. In a large sense this
is still the case. Yet at the present time, there is no active
hostility to secret fraternities, and members of the church
feel free to connect themselves with such as are obviously
not antagonistic to the public welfare.
124
CHAPTER
XVII
LIST OF
PREACHERS: CHRONOLOGICAL
1800-1921
1800.— Dietrich Aurand, Jacob Baulus, Martin Boehm,
Henry Boehm, Christian Crum, Henry Crum, Abraham
Draksel, John Ernst, C. Fortenbaugh, Jacob Geisinger,
Christopher Grosh, George A. Guething, Simon Herre,
Abraham Hershey, Christian Hershey, Abraham Hiestand,
Martin Kreider, Adam Lehman, Abraham Mayer, John
Neidig, Christian Newcomer, Isaac Niswander, William
Otterbein, Adam Riegel, Frederick Schaeffer, Benedict
Schwope, John Senseny, David Snyder, Daniel Strickler,
Michael Thomas, Henry Weidner – 31.
1801.— Ludwig Duckwald, Peter Kemp, Matthias Kes-
sler, David Long, Peter
Senseny, Thomas Winter — 6.
1802.— William Ambrose — 1.
1803.— George Benedum, Valentine Flugel — 2.
1804.— Matthias Bortsfield — 1.
1805.— Christian Berger, Jacob Dehof, Frederick Duck-
wald, Lorenz Eberhart,
Daniel Troyer — 5.
1806.— Joseph Hoffman — 1.
1807.— Abraham Niswander — 1.
1808.— Henry Duckwald, George Hoffman — 2.
1809.— Christian Smith, John Snyder — 2.
1810.- Herman Ow — 1.
1811.— Michael Baer, Michael Hershey, Henry Hiestand,
Joseph Jordan, Peter
Swartz, Jacob Winter — 6.
1812.— Valentine Baulus, George A. Geeting Jr., John
Kreider, John Smith,
Henry G. Spayth — 5.
1813.— John Brown, Charles Hassel — 2.
1814.— John Baer, Henry J. Fry, John Geisiniger, George
Kolb, Henry Kumler, John
Rathfang, Jacob Wenger — 7.
1815.— Samuel Brandt, Jacob Flickinger, Valentine His-
key, Peter Swartz — 4.
1816.— William Brown, Jacob Flickinger — 2.
CHURCH HISTORY 125
1817.— Jacob Brazer, William Brown, George Brown,
David Fleck, John Hildt,
Conrad Roth — 6.
1818.— Daniel Pfeifer, Daniel Gingerich, Abraham
Horner, Jacob Lehman,
John Russell, J. Zentmeyer — 6.
1819.— Conrad Weist — 1.
1820.— David Baer, Jacob Baer, John Brown, Jacob
Dunahoo — 4.
1821.— Henry Burtner, John Clopper, John Huffer,
Christian Traub — 4.
1822.— Thomas Hutlin, John Rider — 2.
1823.— Jacob Erb, John Hoffard, Abraham Huber,
Gideon Smith — 4.
1824.— Lorenz Esterlein, James Ewig — 2.
1825.— John Fry, John Hendricks, Abraham Hershey,
John Krack, William
Rhinehart, Christian Shopp, James
Snyder, John Zahn — 8.
1825(Second session).— Ezekiel Boring, Daniel Godnatt,
Peter Habecker, Jonah
Hank, Henry Kimmerling, Thomas
Miller — 6.
1826.— John Hoffman — 1.
1827.— John Eckstein, George Hiskey, John Hugel — 3.
1828.— Samuel Allenbaugh, Joseph Berger. John Dehof,
Frederick Gilbert.
George Gilbert, Henry Huber, William
Kinnear, Moses Lawson,
William Schottle, John Smith,
James Sutton, Richard
Catlow — 12.
1829.— Christian Crawling, John Dorcas, James Ewig,
Peter Harman, Henry
Higgins, William Knott, James New-
man, Daniel Senseny,
David Winters, Noah Woodyard — 10.
1830.— Charles Boehm, John Haney, Herman Hauk,
George Huffman, John
Potts, Jacob Rinehart, Peter White-
sel, Henry Young — 8.
1831.— Jacob J. Glossbrenner, Jacob Haas, Frederick
Hisey, William Miller —
4.
1832.— Joseph M. Hershey, George Rimel — 2.
1833.— William R. Coursey, George A. Shuey — 2.
1834.— Jacob Bachtel, Jacob Baer, George E. Deneale,
Francis Eckard — 4.
1835.— Adam I. Bovey, Martin L. Fries, Daniel Funk-
126 UNITED BRETHREN
houser, David Jackson,
Jacob Minser, David S. Spessard,
Jonathan Tobey — 7.
1836.— Moses Michael — 1.
1837.— Frederick A. Roper, Charles W. Zahn — 2.
1838.— William Edwards, Jacob Markwood, John Rich-
ards — 3.
1839.— Henry Jones, Robert G. H. Levering, John Rue-
bush, Samuel Zehrung —
4.
1840.— John Pope, Benjamin Stickley — 2.
1841.— Joseph S. Grimm — 1.
1842.— Jacob C. Spitler, Emanuel Witter — 2.
1843.— James E. Bowersox, Andrew J. Coffman, John
W. Fulkerson, William
Lutz — 4.
1844.— David O’Farrell,
Joseph Funkhouser, John Gib-
bons, James W. Miles,
John G. Steward — 5.
1845.— Richard Nihiser — 1.
1846.— John Markwood, Jacob Rhinehart — 2.
1848.— George O. Little, George W. Statton — 2.
1849.— Theodore F. Brashear — 1.
1850.— John W. Perry, Abel Randall, Isaac K. Statton,
H. B. Winton — 4.
1851.— W. T. Lower, L. W. Matthews — 2.
1853.— Levi Hess, John Phillips, John F. Statton — 3.
1854.— Samuel Martin, Henry Tallhelm — 2.
1855.— Isaiah Baltzell, William H. H. Cain, Benjamin
Denton, Zebedee Warner,
J. P. White — 5.
1856.— G. W. Albaugh, Jacob A. Bovey, H. R. Davis,
Cornelius R. Hammack,
Eli Martin, William Yerkey — 7.
1857.— Samuel Evers, Joseph Holcomb, John W. Howe,
William James, George W.
Rexrode, Jacob M. Rodruck — 6.
1859.— John Delpha, James T. Hensley, T. S. McNeil — 3.
1860.— W. A. Jackson — 1.
1861.— T. Bushong, Joshua Harp — 2.
1862.— Henry A. Bovey, J. M. Canter, Abram M. Evers,
James W. Hott, John K.
Nelson, Charles T. Stearn — 6.
1863.— John W. Grimm, John W. Kiracofe — 2.
1864.— W. J. Miller, George H. Snapp — 2.
1865.— William O. Grimm, P. H. Thomas — 2.
CHURCH HISTORY 127
1866.— J. Elkanah Hott — 1.
1867.— Jacob L. Grimm, George W. Howe, Snowden
Scott — 3.
1868.— Isaiah Baltzell — 1.
1869.— William H. Burtner, George Harman, Abram
Hoover — 3.
1870.— George W. Brown, John N. Ross — 2.
1871.— John R. Funk — 1.
1872.— Abraham P. Funkhouser, Erasmus P. Funk, J.
W. Funk, Charles M.
Hott, J. Negley, P. W. Weller, James
E. Whitesel, J. Zarman
— 8.
1873.— C. I. B. Brane — 1.
1874.— D. Barnhart, William Beall, J. N. Fries, J. G.
Humphreys, George W.
Kiracofe, Charles Miller, Zimri
Umstot, I. M. Underwood
— 8.
1875.— W. H. Clary, A. D. Freed, Henry Jones, Monroe
F. Keiter, George J.
Roudabush, Jacob R. Roudabush — 6.
1876.— Isaac T. Parlett, C. W. Stinespring, S. T.
Wells— 3.
1877.— John D. Donovan, John M. Hott, J. E. Widmeyer,
Sylvester K. Wine — 4.
1878.— William R. Berry, Charles H. Crowell, Isaac T.
Hott, Charles W.
Hutsler, E. Ludwick, John H. Parlett — 6.
1879.— B. F. Cronise, George P. Hott — 2.
1880.— J. A. Evans, William Hesse, Abram M. Horn,
J. G. Ketterman, M. L.
Mayselles, M. A. Salt, Samuel H.
Snell — 7.
1881.— John M. Bolton, C. P. Dyche, William O. Fries,
James W. Hicks, W. L.
Martin, W. H. Sampsell — 6.
1882.— Luther O. Burtner, P. J. Lawrence — 2.
1883.— Albert Day — 1.
1885.— Rudolph Byrd, N. F. A. Cupp, Harness H. Fout,
William S. Rau, J. E. B.
Rice, Silas D. Skelton — 6.
1886.— A. S. Castle, Green B. Fadeley, Abram S. Ham-
mack, Alexander N. Horn,
Nimrod A. Kiracofe — 5.
1887.— T. K. Clifford, George M. Gruber, William F.
Gruver — 3.
1888.— W. P. Bazzle, George W. Stover — 2.
128 UNITED BRETHREN
1889.— J. D. Chamberlain, William O. Ewing, Jacob C.
S. Myers, Edgar A. Pugh,
Samuel L. Rice — 5.
1890.— R. L. Dorsey, Julius R. Fout, J. F. Snyder — 3.
1891.— B. P. S. Busey, Edgar W. McMullen — 2.
1892.— John W. Maiden — 1.
1893.— J. W. Walter — 1.
1894.— James W. Brill, Otto W. Burtner, Walter L.
Childress, S. D. Dawson,
S. R. Ludwig — 5.
1895.— C. D. Bennett, W. H. Bruce, Samuel A. Crabill,
William O. Jones, H. E.
Richardson, A. J. Secrist — 6.
1897.— William A. Black, John H. Brunk, George M.
Jones, Lan Seng Nam, L.
A. Racey, J. W. Stearn — 6.
1898.— Luther O. Bricker, T. J. Feaster, A. R. Hendrick-
son, A. P. Walton — 4.
1899.— Charles M. Good, T. C. Harper, Ida M. Judy,
E. A. Stanton — 4.
1900.— E. A. Stanton, T. C. Carter, W. S. Rau — 3.
1901.— J. R. Ferguson, W. B. Keeley — 2.
1902.— W. D. Good, Geo. Burgess, S. E. Boyd — 3.
1903.— J. L. Argenbright, E. E. Neff, A. G. Wells — 3.
1904.— W. M. Maiden — 1.
1905.— A. R. Wilson, A. R. Vondersmith, C. J. Racey, J.
Ralph Geil, R. N.
Sypolt, John D. Scott, G. J. Rouda-
bush — 7.
1907.— W. R. Chapman, W. D. Mitchell, A. L. Maiden — 3.
1908.— T. T. Tabb — 1.
1909.— R. G. Hammond, T. M. Sharp, H. E. Richardson,
Clayton Wyand — 4.
1910.— F. R. Chubb, Wm. Vansickle — 2.
1911.— L. C. Messick, A. R. Mann, Geo. A. McGuire,
I. Summers — 4.
1912.— D. G. Brimlow — 1.
1913.— R. N. Young, W. L. Hamrick, A. Bamford — 3.
1914.— R. Rock, S. L. Baugher, J. W. Wright — 3.
1915.— T. E. Gainer, W. G. McNeill, D. T. Gregory, J.
H. Schmitt, H. M. Crimm,
J. R. Collis, F. A. Tinney — 7.
1916.— W. R. Swank, D. F. Glovier, V. L. Phillips, W. B.
CHURCH HISTORY 129
Obaugh, M. W. Nelson,
J. R. Beale, D. D. Brandt, W.
A. Wilt — 7.
1917.— T. J. Coffman, W. H. Smith, C. W. Hiser, W. R.
McKinney, J. E. Oliver,
L. G. Bridges, W. P. Holler, W. M.
Courtney — 8.
1918.— M. L. Weekley, J. H. Arnold, J. R. Chamber-
lain — 3.
1920.— H. P. Ruppenthal, E. E. Miller — 2.
1921.— Claude Ryan, Herman Grove, Lester M. Leach,
C. W. Tinsman, E. P.
Caplinger, U. P. Hovermale, C. K.
Welsh — 7.
The following list, with the date of joining the confer-
ence, gives the names and address of all living former
members of the Virginia Conference, as far as we are able
to ascertain, and we believe it is exactly correct.*
1830.— John Haney, Marion, Minn.
1843.— John W. Fulkerson, Marion, Minn.
1844.— James W. Miles, Baldwin, W. Va.
1848.— Geo. W. Statton, Monte Vista, Colo.
1850.— I. K. Statton, Lisbon, Iowa.
1854.— Henry Tallhelm, Edinburg, Va.
1859.— James T. Hensley, Marion, Ohio.
1860.— William A. Jackson, Glen Savage, Pa.
1861.— T. F. Bushong, Eldorado, Ohio.
1861.— Joshua Harp, Benevola, Md.
1862.— Henry A. Bovey, Potsdam, Ohio.
1862.— Chas. T. Stearn, York, Pa.
1862.— Abram M. Evers, Hagerstown, Md.
1863.— J. Wesley Grimm, West Fairview, Pa.
1863.— J. Wesley Kiracofe, Greencastle, Pa.
1864.— William J. Miller, Lebanon, Kans.
1864.— Geo. H. Snapp, Mt. Olive, Va.
1867.— J. L. Grimm, Harrisburg, Pa.
1871.— John R. Funk, Lancaster, Pa.
1872.— J. W. Funk.
1873.— C. I. B. Brane, Lebanon, Pa.
1874.— Geo. W. Kiracofe, Chincoteague Isle, Va.
130 UNITED BRETHREN
1874.— William Beall, Berkeley Springs, W. Va.
1874.— I. M. Underwood, Adeline, 111.
1875.— M. F. Keiter, Huntingdon, Ind.
1875.— Geo. J. Roudabush, Myersville, Md.
1876.— C. W. Stinespring, Frederick City, Md.
1877.— J. F. Hott, Long Glade, Va.
1878.— Chas. W. Hutsler, 1035 N. 12th St., Philadelphia, Pa.
1878.— F. Ludwick, Middletown, Pa.
1880.— William Hesse.
1880.— S. H. Snell, Keedysville, Md.
1880.— M. L. Mayselles, Munson, W. Va.
1880.— M. A. Salt, Florin, Pa.
1881.— W. O. Fries, Fostoria, Ohio.
1881.- W. L. Martin, Thurmont, Md.
1881.— John M. Bolton.
1881.— J. W. Hicks, Chicago Junction, Ohio.
1882.— Luther O. Burtner, Hagerstown, Md.
1883.— Albert Day, Marietta, Ohio.
1885.— Rudolph Byrd, Chewsville, Md.
1885.— H. H. Fout, Dayton, Ohio.
1885.— J. E. B. Rice, Boonsboro, Md.
1886.— N. A. Kiracofe, Pequea, Pa.
1886.— A. N. Horn, Fayetteville, Pa.
1887.- Geo. M. Gruber, Hagerstown, Md.
1880.— J. B. Chamberlain, Washington, D. C.
1880.— Samuel L. Rice, Keedysville, Md.
1890.— Julius E. Fout, Fostoria, Ohio.
1897.— Lau Seng Nam, Canton, China.
*This compilation was made for the United Brethren Centennial
of 1900.
131
CHAPTER
XVIII
LIST OF PRFACHERS:
ALPHABETICAL
1800-1900,
Inclusive
The date following a name indicates the year in which
it first appears on the Conference roll. A star following
the date 1800 shows that the preacher was a member in
that year or was licensed at that time.
Abbreviations: d.— died; ord.— ordained; trans.—
transferred; M. E.— Methodist Episcopal; M. E. C. S.—
Methodist Episcopal Church, South; Presb.— Presbyter-
ian; Ref.— German Reformed; Ch.— church; b.— born; O.
C.— United Brethren, Old Constitution.
Albaugh, G. W.— 1856— withdrew under charges.
Allenbaugh, Samuel— 1828— ord. 1834— withdrew irreg-
ularly, 1842, and joined the Lutherans— lived on Bowman
place between Whitesel's and Harrisonburg— came from
Pendleton— helped Shickle and Biddle in great meeting at
Frieden's.
Ambrose, William— 1802— see Chap. XX.
Aurand, Dietrich— 1800*.
Bachtel, Jacob- 1831— ord. 1837— d. 1866 aged 54—
buried at Otterbein, Jackson Co., W. Va.
Baer, Michael— 1811— lived near Chambersburg, Pa.
Baer, John —1814.
Baer, David— 1820— ord. 1822— d. at Potts Valley, Pa.,
1853.
Baer, Jacob— 1820— d. 1823 (?).
Baer, Jacob— 1834— ord. 1837— came from Md. (?) —
b. 1807, d. 1855— buried at Churchville, Va.— widow mar-
ried John Smith.
Baltzell, Isaiah— 1855— ord. 1856— in Pennsylvania
Conf. 1859-60, 1862-68— trans. to E. Pennsylvania Conf.
1872— d. 1893— memorial services at General Conference.
Barnhart, D.— 1874— ord. 1879— trans. to Pennsylvania
Conf. 1880.
132 UNITED BRETHREN
Baulus, Jacob— settled near Fremont, O., 1822— father
of Sandusky Conf.
Baulus, Valentine— 1812 ord. 1817— d. about 1818,
aged 56.
Bazzle, W. P.— 1888 -ord. 1895.
Beall, William— 1874— ord. 1876— honorably dismissed
at his own request, 1880.
Benedum, George— 1803— moved to O., 1804— d. 1837,
aged 72.
Bennett, S. D.— 1895— ord. 1898.
Berger, Christian— 1805— to see what would take place
below in the great meeting, he hid himself in a barn in
Berks Co., but at length the people were startled by his
loud cries and prayers; he was brought down and soon con-
verted— always in deep poverty, but an indefatigable
preacher— moved to Westmoreland Co., Pa.
Berger, Joseph — 1828.
Berry, William R.— 1878— ord. 1881— d. 1906, aged 53
— buried at Dayton, Va.
Black, William A,— 1897— ord. 1900.
Boehm, Martin 1800*— see Chap. III.
Boehm, Henry— 1800*— joined M. E. Ch. 1804.
Boehm, Charles— 1830— ord. 1832.
Bolton, John M.— 1881— ord. 1886— trans.to Md. Conf.
1887 — joined Presb. Ch.
Boring, Ezekiel— 1825— ord. 1828-lived in Pa., but
traveled in Va. and preached at Whitesel’s— d. 1861.
Bortsfield, Matthias— 1804— charter members of Musk-
ingum Conf. 1818.
Bovey, Adam I.— 1835— ord. 1838— went from Keedys-
ville, Md. to W. Va., 1852— d. 1879, aged 82.
Bovey, Jacob A.— 1856— ord. 1858— d. 1859, aged 35—
buried at Edinburg, Va.—
son of Adam I.
Bovey, Henry A.— 1862— ord. 1864— b. 1831— trans to
Central Ohio Conf. 1878.—
son of Adam I.
Boyd, S. E.— d. at Roanoke, Va., 1911, aged 67— this
name occurs only in Mr. Funkhouser's necrology.
CHURCH HISTORY 133
Bowersox, James E.— 1843— ord. 1846— trans. to Iowa
Conf. 1858 married a Shuey— d. at Shueyville, Ia.
Brandt, Samuel— 1815.
Brane, C. I. B.— 1873— ord. 1876— trans. to Md. Conf.
1887.
Brashear, Theodore F. — 1849— fine singer— went to
Iowa, 1862.
Brazer, Jacob 1817— lived at Chambersburg, Pa.—
d. 1822.
Bricker, Luther O.— 1898— ord. 1900.
Brill, James W.— 1894.
Brown, John 1813— exhorter.
Brown, John 1820- ord. 1821— same as preceding (?).
Brown, William— 1816— ord. 1819— moved to Benton
Co., Ind. 1838— d. 1868,
aged 72.
Brown, William— 1817— bishop one term, declined re-
election.
Brown, George— 1817.
Brown, George W.— 1870— withdrew under charges, 1877.
Bruce, W. H.— 1895.
Brunk, John H.— 1897— ord. 1900.
Burtner, Henry— 1821— ord. 1823— d. 1857, aged 57.
Burtner, William H.— 1869— ord. 1874— d. 1894, aged 60.
Burtner, Luther O.— 1882— ord. 1889— trans. to Md.
Conf. 1889— appointed to Africa 1892, serving 7½ years.
Burtner, Otto W.— 1894.
Busey, B. P. S.— ord. 1898.
Bushong, T.— 1861— trans. to Miami Conf.
Byrd, Rudolph— 1885— ord. 1887.
Cain, William M. H.— 1855— trans. to Parkersburg Conf. 1857.
Canter, John Morticia— 1862— ord. 1864— trans. to Scioto Conf.
1866— b. 1823— d. 1888.
Castle, A. S.— 1886— trans. to Md. Conf. 1887.
Chamberlain, J. B.— 1889— ord. 1891.
Childress, Walter L.— 1894— an elder from M. P. Ch.
Clary, W. H.— 1875— ord. 1885— d. 1913, aged 69.
134 UNITED BRETHREN
Clifford, T. K.— 1887— ord. 1890— d. 1908, aged 63—
Buried at Cedar Green Cem., Staunton, Va.
Clopper, John— 1821— ord. 1829— lived in Md.
Coffman, Andrew J.— 1843— ord. 1846— from Page Co. — joined
Lutheran Ch.
Coursey, William R.— 1833— ord. 1835— trans. to Rock
River Conf. 1867— d. at Benevola, Md., 1880.
Crabill, Samuel A.— 1895— ord. 1898.
Cronise, B. F.— 1879— ord. 1879— local— from M. E. Ch.
— trans. to Md. Conf. 1887.
Crowell. Charles H.— 1878— ord. 1882.
Crowling, Christian — 1829.
Crum, Christian — 1800* — ord. 1819 — b. near Frederick,
Md.— lived near the Hott place, Pleasant Valley, Va.— d. 1823.
Crum, Henry— 1800*.
Cupp, N. F. A.— 1885— ord. 1887.
Davis, H. F. — 1856— trans. to Parkersburg Conf.
Dawson, S. D.— 1894.
Day, Albert 1883— ord. 1886— joined Presb. Ch. 1892.
Dehof, Jacob— 1805— ord. 1817— d. 1834.
Dehof, John— 1828— ord. 1830 and went to Penn. Conf.
— d. 1844.
Delphy, John— 1859.
Deneale, George E.— 1834— ord. 1835— from Ohio (?)
— "no longer a preacher among us," 1837.
Denton, Benjamin— 1855— local preacher and farmer—
grandfather of Rev. S. L. Rice— d. about 1856 — buried at
Dry Run.
Donovan, John D.— 1877— ord. 1881— d. 1905, aged 50—
buried at Singers Glen, Va.
Dorcas, John— 1829— ord. 1832.
Dorsey, R. L.— 1890— dismissed from the ministry, 1894.
Draksel, Abraham — 1800*— b. in Lebanon Co., Pa., 1753
— removed to Mt. Pleasant, Pa., 1804— d. 1825.
Duckwald, Ludwig— 1801.
Duckwald, Frederick— 1805— lived at Sleepy Cr., Va.
Duckwald, Henry— 1808.
Dunahoo, Jacob— 1820.
CHURCH HISTORY 135
Dyche, C. P.— 1881— ord. 1885.
Eberhart, Lorenz— 1805.
Eckard, Francis— 1834— ord. 1838— silenced 1842— re-
stored 1844— license demanded 1845— d. near Midway.
Rockbridge Co., Va., during the war— wife a Hoffman.
Eckstein, John— 1827— ord. 1829.
Edwards, William— 1838— ord. 1841— trans. to Iowa
Conf. 1853— reared at Whitesel's Church— strong in
prayer — wife a Ganger — d. in Iowa.
Erb, Jacob— 1823— ord. 1825— bishop three terms— d.
April 29, 1883, aged 79.
Ernst, John— 1800*— belonged in Pa.
Esterlein, Lorenz— 1824— ord. 1827.
Evans, J. A.— 1880— b. in Michigan, educated, went to
Africa, 1870, returned, served the freedmen in Va., and
returned to Africa, 1880— d. at Freetown, Africa, 1899
and there buried.
Evers, Samuel— 1857— d. 1861 aged 30— buried at Union
church, Cross Keys, Va.
Evers, Abram M.— 1862— ord. 1863— trans. to Md. Conf.
1887
Ewig, James— 1824— ord. 1829 (?).
Ewing, J. William O.— 1889— ord. 1892— d. 1898 aged
32— buried at Friendship, Frederick Co., Va.
Fadeley, Green B.— 1886— ord. 1889. [Note: His 1931 obituary lists
him as George B. Fadeley.]
Feaster, T. J.— 1898— 1901— d. 1906 aged 32— buried
at Lahmansville, W. Va.
Ferrell, David O.— 1844— went West and died in Kans.—
wife a preacher. [Note:
The correct name is David O’Farrell.]
Fleck, David— 1817— ord. 1819.
Flickinger, Jacob— 1815— exhorter.
Flugel, Valentine— 1803.
Fortenbaugh, G.— 1800*.
Fout, Henry Harness— 1885— ord. 1887— and trans. to Md.
Conf.
Fout, Julius E.— 1890— ord. 1893— trans. to Md. Conf.
1894; to Sandusky, 1898.
Freed, J. D.— 1857— ord. 1862— trans. to Penn. Conf.
1885.
136 UNITED BRETHREN
FREED, A. D.— 1875— d. 1876.
Fries, Martin L.— 1835— brother to Josiah Fries— well
educated, very bright and promising— married Sarah Fix
at Leitersburg, Md. and died one month later about 1837—
buried at Hagerstown, Md.
Fries, J. N.— 1871— ord. 1878.
Fries, William O.— 1881 ord. 1885— trans. to Md.
1887— trans. to Sandusky Conf. 1890.
Fry, Henry, J.— 1814.
Fry, John-1825— ord. 1829.
Fulkerson, John W.— 1813— ord. 1816— trans. to Iowa
Conf. 1859; to Minn. Conf. 1857.— See Chapter XIX.
Funk, Erasmus P.— 1872— ord. 1875 — trans. to Pa.
Funk, J. W.— 1872— ord. 1875— trans. to Kas. Conf.
Funk, John B.— 1871— trans. to E. Penn. Conf. 1878.
Funkhouser, Daniel— 1835 reared at Mt. Hebron—
from Penn. Conf.
Funkhouser, Joseph— 1844— farmer near Keezletown,
Va.— ord. 1817— joined M. E. C. S., 1865.
Funkhouser. Abram P.— 1872 ord. 1876— see Chap.
XXIII— d. 1917, aged 64.
Geisinger, Jacob— 1800*.
Geisinger, John— 1814.
Gibbons, John— 1844— ord. 1846— reared near Church-
ville, Va.— bashful as a boy, could preach from the start—
professed religion in a camp meeting at Peter Ruebush's—
d. near Burlington, W. Va. about 1847 and buried at old
stone church.
Gilbert, George— 1828- trans. to Penn. Conf. 1843.
Gilbert, Frederick— 1828— ord. 1830— d. 1800 buried
at Chambersburg, Penn.
Gingerich, Daniel— 1818.
Glossbrenner, Jacob J.— 1831— ord. 1883— see Chapter
XIX— d. 1887, aged 75— buried at Churchville, Va.
Godnatt, Daniel— 1825.
Good, Charles M.— 1900.
CHURCH HISTORY 137
Grimm, Joseph S.— 1841— ord. 1847 -trans. to Md. Conf.
1887.
Grimm, John W.— 1863— ord. 1864— trans. to Penn.
Conf. 1876.
Grimm, William O.— 1865— ord. 1865— trans. to Penn.
Conf. 1883.
Grimm, Jacob L.— 1867— ord. 1869.
Grosh, Christopher— 1800*— went West— d. 1829—
buried in Lancaster Co., Penn.
Gruber, George M.— 1887— trans. to Md. Conf. 1887.
Gruver, William F.— 1887— ord. 1889.
Guething, George A.— 1800*— ord. 1783— d. 1812, aged
73— see Chap. VI.
Guething (Geeting), George A., Jr.— 1812— ord. 1810—
d. about 1842, aged 61.
Haas, Jacob— 1831— local preacher and blacksmith—
lived in Edinburg, Va.— d. 1862, aged 72— converted at
Mill Cr.— of the family about Woodstock.
Habecker, Peter— 1825.
Hammack, Cornelius B.— 1850— d. Mar. 1, 1877, aged 46— buried
at Oak Hill, Va.
Hammack, Abram S.— 1880— ord. 1890.
Haney, John— 1830— ord. 1832— went to Penn. 1836,
returned 1841— removed to Minn. 1857— a charter member
of Minn. Conf.— strong and influential preacher loved a
good horse— preceded Glossbrenner in Rockingham.
Harman, George— 1869— ord. 1870— d. 1899, aged 70.
Herman (Herrman), Peter— 1829— ord. 1831— trans. to
Penn. Conf. 1834.
Harp, Joshua— 1861— ord. 1864— trans. to Md. Conf.
1887.
Harper, T. C.— 1900.
Hassell, Charles— 1813— exhorter.
Hendricks, John— 1825— ord. 1827— preached at Kep-
lingers.
Hendrickson, A. R.— 1898.
Hensley, James T.— ord. 1859— trans. to Parkersburg
Conf. 1800.
138 UNITED BRETHREN
Herre, Simon— 1800*— d. 1821.
Hershey, Christian— 1800*— lived in Penn.
Hershey, Abraham— 1800*— uncle to Jacob Erb, as also
was Christian Hershey.
Hershey, Abraham— 1825— ord. 1827— d. 1839— lived in
Penn.
Hershey, Michael— 1811— exhorter.
Hershey, Joseph M.— 1832— trans. to St. Joseph Conf.
Harman (Herrman), Peter— 1829— ord. 1831— trans. to
Penn. Conf. 1834.
Hess, Levi— 1853— ord. 1855— in Penn. Conf. 1857-68—
trans. to Parkersburg Conf.— joined M. E. Ch.— d. at Win-
chester, Va.
Hesse, William— 1880— ord. 1883— joined Lutheran Ch.
Hicks, James W.— ord. 1881— came from Miami Conf.—
graduated from U. B. Seminary, 1880— trans. to Md. Conf.
1887— later to Sandusky Conf.
Hiestand, Abraham— 1800*.
Hiestand, Henry— 1811.
Higgins, Henry, 1829— ord. 1831— d. about 1832.
Hildt, John— 1817— ord. 1820.
Hisey, Frederick— 1831— ord. 1835— d. at Edinburgh
Va. — grandfather to L. M. Hisey.
Hiskey, Valentine— 1815— ord. 1822.
Hiskey, George— 1827— ord. 1830.
Hoffard (Huffer), John— 1821— ord. 1829— d. 1842,
aged 42.
Hoffard, John— 1823— ord. 1831.
Hoffman, Joseph— 1806— ord. 1813— b. in Cumberland
Co., Pa., 1780, began preaching 1802, succeeded Otterbein
as pastor in Baltimore — removed to Montgomery Co., O.
Hoffman, George— 1808— ord. 1816.
Hoffman, John— 1826— ord. 1829.
Holcomb, Joseph— 1858— ord. 1862— joined M. E. C. S.,
1873.
Hoover, Abram— 1869— ord. 1871— d. at Churchville,
Va., 1901, aged 62.
CHURCH
HISTORY 139
Horn, Abram M.— 1880— ord. 1883.
Horn, Alexander N.— 1886— trans. to Md. Conf. 1887.
Horner, Abraham— 1818— exhorter.
Hott, Jacob F.— 1887— b. Nov. 20, 1822— d. Aug. 31,
1884.
Hott, James W. 1862 -ord. 1864— see Chap. XIX— d. 1902,
aged 57.
Hott, J. Elkanah -1866— withdrew, 1870 -trans. from
Dakota Conf. 1877— joined O. C., 1889.
Hott, Charles M.— 1872— ord. 1875— trans. to Md. Conf.
1887— d. at Woodbridge, Cal.
Hott, John Moses— 1877— ord. 1883— d. 1916, aged 81.
Hott, Isaac T.— 1878 trans. to Miami Conf. 1882— join-
ed Presb. Ch.
Hott, George P.— 1879— ord. 1883— see Chap. XX— d.1914,
aged 60.
Houk, Jonah— 1825.
Houk, J. B.— same as Jonah?— withdrew irregularly—
joined M. E. C. S.— d. about 1864 on Elizabeth Island.
Houk, Herrman— 1830— ord. 1834.
Houk, Jacob M. — 1830— ord. 1833— lived near Melrose—
married Barbara Rhodes, the woman who reared him and
who was probably 40 years older.
Howe, John W. — 1858 -ord.
1860— see Chap. XX— d. 1903,
aged 73.
Howe, George W.— 1867— d. 1889, aged 57 buried at
Mt. Horeb.
Huber, Samuel— 1816— ord. 1819.
Huber, Henry — 1828.
Huffman, George— 1830— ord. 1833— d. 1888, aged 82.
Hugel, John— 1827— ord. 1830.
Humphreys, J. G.— 1874— dismissed for failure to meet
committee on course of reading, 1877.
Hutlin, Thomas — 1822.
Hutsler, Charles W.— 1878— ord. 1881— trans. to E.
Penn. Conf. 1883.
Jackson, David— 1835— local preacher— gave up his
license— d. at Churchville, Va.— father of Rev. W. A. Jack-
son.
Jackson, W. A.— 1860—
trans. to Penn. Conf., 1863.
James, William— 1856— trans. to Parkersburg Conf.
Jones, Henry— 1839— perhaps lived on Holcomb place
near Melrose, Va.
140 UNITED BRETHREN
Jones, Henry— 1875— ord. 1878— d. 1889, aged 52.
Jones, William O.— 1895.
Jones, George M.— 1897.
Jordan, Joseph— 1811— exhorter.
Judy, Ida M.— 1900.
Keedy, D. D.— trans. from Alleghany Cont. 1857— trans.
to Md. Conf. 1887.
Keiter, Monroe F.— 1875— ord. 1878— joined O. C. 1891.
Kemp, Peter— 1801— d. near Frederick, Md., 1811.
Kessler, Matthias — 1801.
Ketterman. J. G.— 1880- d. 1884, aged 50.
Kimmerling, Henry— 1825.
Kinnear, William— 1828— ord. 1831.
Kiracofe, John W.— 1863— ord. 1864— trans. to Md.
Conf. 1887.
Kiracofe, George W.— 1874— ord. 1877— trans. to Penn.
Conf. 1878— joined Bapt. Ch.
Kiracofe, Nimrod A.— 1880— trans. to Md. Conf. 1887—
ord. 1893.
Kolb, George— 1814.
Knott, William— 1829— ord. 1832— "Pappy Knott" was
a good preacher with a wonderful voice— could not read
when he began to preach and someone often read for him.
Krack, John— 1825— ord. 1827.
Kreider, Martin— 1800*.
Kreider, John— 1812— ord. 1817.
Kumler, Henry— 1814— ord. 1816— lived near Green-
castle. Penn., but moved to Butler Co., O. 1819— member
first General Conference— bishop 20 years— son of Swiss
immigrant— d. 1854, aged 79.
Lan Seng Nam— 1897 native of China— joined Conf.
in China.
Lawrence, P. J.- 1882— ord. 1885.
Lawson, Moses— 1828 ord. 1830.
Lehman, Adam— 1800*— d. about 1823, aged 90.
Lehman, Jacob— 1818.
Levering, Robert G. H.— 1839— stammered in conversa-
tion but not in preaching, in which he was powerful.
CHURCH
HISTORY 141
Little, George O.— 1848— trans. to Penn. Conf. — father
of G. K. Little.
Long, David— 1801.
Lower, W. T.— 1851— ord. 1853 trans. to Penn. Conf.
1870— died in Chambersburg, Penn.
Ludwick, E.— 1878— ord. 1881— trans. to Penn. Conf.
1885
Ludwig, S. R.— 1894— ord. 1897.
Lutz, William— 1843— ord. 1840— native of Page Co.,
Va.,— joined Lutheran Ch.
Lutz, L. Walter— 1899— ord. 1900— from W. Va. Conf.
which he joined 1897.
Maiden, John W.— 1892— ord.
1896.
Markwood, Jacob— 1838 ord. 1841— see Chap. XIX— d. 1873,
aged 58.
Markwood, John— brother to Jacob— trans. from Scioto
Conf.— lived in Hampshire Co.— blind last years of life.
Martin, Samuel— 1854— local preacher and blacksmith—
charter member of Parkersburg Conf.
Martin, Eli— 1856— came from Baptist Ch.— trans. to
Parkersburg Conf.
Martin, W. L.— 1881— ord.
1884— trans. to Md. Conf.
1887.
Matthews, L. W.— 1851— ord.
1853— trans. 1863— rear-
ed in Frederick Co.— a fine preacher.
Mayer, Abraham— 1800*— d. 1826, aged 69— lived near
Carlisle, Penn.— ord. 1819.
Mayselles, M. L.— 1880— ord. 1887— trans. to Md. Conf.
1887.
McMullen, Edgar W.— 1891- d. 1917, aged 54— buried
at Singers Glen.
McNeil, T. S.— 1859— from Miami Conf.— d. 1874.
Michael, Moses— 1856— ord. 1858(?)— trans. to Mo.
Conf.— charter member thereof, 1858.
Miles, James W.— 1844— ord. 1846— trans. to Parkers-
burg Conf. 1857.
Miller, Thomas— 1825— ord. 1828— preached at White-
sel’s— lived in Shenandoah Co.— married a Painter— joined
Lutheran Ch.
142 UNITED BRETHREN
Miller William— 1831 silenced for running his horse
on a race track about 1836— d. in Penn. 1852.
Miller, W. J.— 1864— ord. 1868— trans. to N. Kans.
Conf. 1890.
Miller, Charles— 1874— from Evangelical Association—
d. 1892, aged 67— buried at Otterbein Church, Purgitts-
ville, W. Va.
Minser, Jacob— 1835— came from the Methodists— rear-
ed in Frederick Co., Va.— married a Bender— quit preach-
ing — went West.
Myers, Jacob C. S.— 1899— ord. 1900.
Negley, J.— 1872— ord. 1878— d. 1898, aged 67.
Neidig, John— 1800*— lived near Harrisburg, Penn.— d.
1844, aged 79.
Nelson, John K. 1862— ord. 1864— trans. to Md. Conf.
1887— joined O. C., 1890— d. at Winchester, Va.
Newcomer, Christian— 1800*— ord. 1813— see Chap.
VIII.
Nihiser, Richard— 1845— reared near Mt. Hebron, Shen-
andoah Co., Va.— pious student, great in song and prayer,
voice like a trumpet— death most triumphant— d. of con-
sumption at Chewsville, Md., 1847— b. at Hagerstown.
Nihiser, J. W.— 1857— ord. 1858— married Mary Lig-
gett of Edinburg, Va.— d. 1893, aged 66— buried at Keedys-
ville. Md.
Niswander, Isaac— 1800*— d. 1820(?).
Niswander, Abraham — 1807.
Otterbein, William— 1800*— see Chap. II.
Ow, Henry— 1810— ord. 1817.
Parlett, Isaac T.— 1876— ord. 1879— joined O. C., 1891.
Parlett, John H.— 1878— ord. 1881— joined O. C., 1891.
Perry, John W.— 1850— ord. 1853— trans. to Parkers-
burg Conf. 1857.
Pfeifer, Daniel— 1818— ord. 1820.
Pfrimmer, John G.— 1800*— ord. 1815— b. in France—
d. in Harrison Co., Ind., 1825, aged 63.
Phillips, John— 1853 — ord. 1855— withdrew irregularly,
1858— joined Presb. Ch.— d. in the west of Penn.
CHURCH HISTORY 143
Pope, John— 1840— ord. 1843— local preacher— lived in
Pendleton Co.
Potts, John— 1830.
Pugh, Edgar A.— 1889— trans. to E. Tenn. Conf., 1899—
d. 1899.
Racey, L. A.— 1897— ord. 1900.
Randall, Abel— 1850— ord. 1853— local preacher— lived
in Pendleton Co., below Fort Seybert— trans. to Iowa Conf.
1859.
Rathfang, John— 1814.
Rau, William S.— 1885— returned his credentials to
Conference.
Rexrode, George W.— 1858— ord. 1862— d. 1898, aged
77— buried at
Mill Cr., Rockingham Co., Va.
Rhinehart, William R.— 1825— ord. 1828— buried at
Miami chapel.
Rhinehart, Jacob— 1830— ord. 1832— in Penn. Conf.
1840-46— d. at Fishersville, Va., 1856— buried at Bethlehem,
Augusta Co. — grave unmarked.
Richards, John— 1838— ord. 1841— great revivalist and
popular— withdrew irregularly, 1846— joined Lutheran
Ch.— went to Iowa.
Richardson, H. E.— 1895— ord. 1898.
Riegel, Adam— 1800*.
Rice, J. E. R.— 1885— ord. 1887— trans. to Md. Conf.
1897.
Rice, Samuel L.— 1889— ord. 1892.
Ridenour, Jacob R.— 1875— ord. 1878.
Rider, John— 1822.
Rimel, George— 1832— ord. 1835— owned a farm and
rode a poor horse— trans. to Mo. Conf. 1866— d. soon after-
ward.
Rodruck, Jacob M.— 1858— ord. 1860— d. 1887, aged 73.
Ross, John N.— 1870— joined M. E. C. S., 1873.
Roth, Conrad— 1817.
Roudabush, George J.— 1875— ord. 1879— trans. to Md.
Conf. 1887— d. 1916, aged 70.
144 UNITED BRETHREN
Ruebush, John— 1839— ord. 1812— in Tenn. 1856-70—
d. at Leitersburg, Md., 1881, aged 64— buried at Keedysville,
Md.
Russell, John— b. near Baltimore, Md., Mar. 18, 1799—
began to preach, 1818— bishop two terms— lived at Keedys-
ville, Md.— d. Dec. 21, 1870.
Salt, M. A.— 1880— ord. 1883— trans. to E. Penn. 1885.
Sampsell, W. H. 1881— ord. 1885.
Schaeffer, Frederick— 1800*— ord. 1813.
Schottle, William— 1828— ord. 1829.
Schwope, Benedict— 1800*— in conference of 1789.
Scott, Snowden— 1867— see Chapt. XX— d. 1902, aged 79.
Scott, John D.— 1805— d. at Roanoke, Va., 1907, aged 78.
Secrist, A. J.— 1895— ord. 1898.
Senseny, John— 1800*.
Senseny, Peter— 1801— d. at Winchester, Va., 1804(?).
Senseny, Daniel— 1829.
Shopp, Christian— 1825— ord. 1829.
Shuey, George A.— 1833— ord. 1835— d. 1877(?).
Skelton, Silas D.— 1885— ord. 1887.
Smith, Christian— 1809.
Smith, Gideon— 1823— ord. 1825.
Smith, John— 1828— ord. 1830.
Snapp, George H.— 1864— ord. 1874— trans. to Parkers-
burg Conf.
Snell, Samuel H. 1880— ord. 1883— trans. to Md. Conf.
1887.
Snyder, David 1800*— d. near Newville, Penn., 1819,
aged 57.
Snyder, John— 1809 — ord. 1817— lived in Penn.—
d. 1845.
Snyder, James— 1825— ord. 1828.
Snyder, J. F.— 1890— ord. 1892.
Spayth, Henry G.— 1812— ord. 1817— delegate from
Va. to General Conference, 1815— member thereof six other
terms— d. at Tiflin, Ohio, Sept, 2, 1873.
Spessard, David S.— 1835— ord. 1837— married Martha
A. Cline at Newtown.
CHURCH HISTORY 145
Spitler, Jacob C.— 1842— ord. 1845— lived near Spring
Hill— d. of cholera in St. Louis, 1855, on his way to Kas.
Stanton, E. A.— 1900.
Statton, George W.— 1848— trans. to Des Moines Conf.
1880.
Statton, Isaac K.— 1850— ord. 1858— trans. to Rock
River Conf. 1862.
Statton, John F.— 1853— trans. to Kans. Conf. 1855.
Stearn, Charles T.— 1862— in Rock River Conf. 1863-
65 — trans. to Penn. Conf. 1871.
Stearn, J. W.— 1897.
Steward, John G.— 1844— ord. 1847.
Stickley, Benjamin— 1840— ord. 1843— tender-hearted,
but a giant in strength— arrested in Hampshire, 1862 and
confined to Staunton— released on writ of habeas corpus-
transferred to Iowa Conf. 1863.
Stinespring, C. W.- 1876— ord. 1880— trans. to Penn.
Conf. 1885.
Stover, George W.— 1888— ord. 1896.
Strickler, Daniel— 1800*.
Sutton, James — 1828.
Swartz, Peter— 1811— ord. 1816.
Tallhelm, Henry— 1854— ord. 1856— see Chap. XX— d.
1902, aged 78.
Thomas, Michael— 1800— d. 1834(?)— lived in Md.
Thomas, P. H.— 1865— ord. 1865— d. 1889, aged 72.
Tobey, Jonathan— 1835— local— good preacher and
ahead of his time — d. in the West.
Traub, Christian— 1821— ord. 1823.
Troyer, Daniel — 1803 — converted under Otterbein's
preaching at Antietam, Md.— moved to Ohio, 1806 — d. 1860,
aged 94.
Underwood, I. M.— 1874— from Parkersburg Conf.—
trans. to Kas. Conf. 1893.
Umstot, Zimri- 1874— ord. 1873— local preacher— d.
1883, aged about 43.
Walter, J. W.— 1893— ord. 1900— d. 1910, aged 67.
Walton, A. P.— 1898— ord. 1899.
146 UNITED BRETHREN
Warner, Zebedee— 1855— ord. 1856— b. in Pendleton
Co. — see Chap. XIX.
Weist, Conrad— 1819— ord. 1822— ruled, "no longer a
preacher among us," 1837.
Weidner, Henry— 1800*— in conferences of 1789, 1791.
Weller, P. W.— 1872— ord. 1875— trans. 1880— d. at
Westfield, Ill., 1880, aged 25.
Wells, S. T.— 1876— from Des Moines Conf.— trans. to
E. Penn. Conf. 1880.
White, J. P.— 1855— trans. to Parkersburg Conf. 1857.
Whitesel, Peter— 1830— ord. 1832— d. 1837(?).
Whitesel, James E.— 1872— ord. 1875— d. at Church-
ville, Va., 1878, aged 27.
Widmeyer, J. E.— 1877— ord. 1880— d. 1883, aged 20.
Wine, Sylvester K.— 1877— ord. 1881— trans. to Md.
Conf. 1887 -trans. from Sandusky Conf. 1896.
Wenger, Jacob— 1814— ord. 1819— d. 1862, aged 85.
Winter. Thomas— 1801 — trans. to Miami Conf.
Winters, David— 1829.
Winton, H. H. 1850— fine preacher— trans. 1862— join-
ed Lutheran Ch.— d. at Pittsburgh, Penn., 1897.
Witter, Jacob— 1811 — buried at Mt. Hebron near
Keedysville, Md.— daughter married Rev. J. M. Hensley.
Witter, Emanuel— 1812— ord. 1815— son of above
Jacob.
Woodyard, Noah— 1829— ord. 1831.
Yerkey, William— 1856— trans. to Parkersburg Conf.
1857.
Young, Henry— 1830— lived in Penn.— d. 1867.
Zahn, John— 1825— ord. 1827— d. 1881.
Zahn, Charles W.— 1837— ord. 1840— brother to John—
withdrew irregularly, 1816.
Zarman, Jacob— 1872 trans. from Minn. Conf.— d. 1885,
aged about 72.
Zehrung, Samuel— 1839— ord. 1842— d. 1849, aged 37—
brother to Matthew.
Zentmeyer, J.— 1818— lived near Chambersburg, Penn.
147
CHAPTER
XIX
BISHOPS, MISSIONARIES
AND OTHERS
Twelve bishops of the United Brethren Church have
been members of this Conference. Biographical sketches
of Otterbein, Boehm, and Newcomer appear in other
chapters. Henry Kumler, William Brown, John Russell,
and Jacob Erb did not live within the present domain of
the Conference. Five others were born in Virginia or lived
here. These are Glossbrenner, Markwood, Hiestand, Hott,
and Fout.
*****
Jacob John
Glossbrenner was born of Lutheran
parents
at Hagerstown, Maryland, July 24, 1812. His father was
killed by an accident when the boy was only seven years
old, and the widow and the four children were left in very
straitened circumstances. Jacob was apprenticed to a
silversmith to learn his trade, but his conversion at the age
of seventeen changed the current of his life. A year later
he was licensed to exhort in the United Brethren Church.
A year later yet,— when he was only nineteen — he was an
itinerant preacher. At this time he looked even more
youthful than his years would indicate, and some people
wondered what the conference meant by sending out boys
to preach. But he felt no doubt as to his call, and his hear-
ers at once found the boy could preach and preach well.
Glossbrenner in 1831 was among the first, if not the
very first, of the United Brethren ministers who gave their
whole time to the calling, and without having any other
means of support. It was still thought by the people that
if they fed and lodged the preacher and took care of his
horse, they were doing their full part. This enabled him to
exist, but in any proper sense of the term it did not permit
him to live. Glossbrenner was first put on the Hagerstown
circuit and next on the Staunton.
148 UNITED BRETHREN
The house of Christian Shuey, seven miles from Church-
ville, was his home while on the Staunton circuit. Shuey
was noble, wealthy, and generous, and had a room in his
house known as the preacher's room. When an itinerant
had rested, he left his soiled clothes here, and on his re-
turn they were ready to put on again. Mrs. Shuey was a
granddaughter of George A. Geeting, one of the three lead-
ing founders of the United Brethren Church. She took a
great interest in its activities, especially the camp meetings.
At this house the young preacher, when not yet twenty-one
years of age was married to Maria M., a daughter of the
Shueys. The marriage was happy to each of the couple,
and Mrs. Glossbrenner often accompanied her husband
on his travels. A little earlier the young man had been
much inclined to wed one of the Brocks, a sister to the wife
of George E. Deneale. But after becoming acquainted with
the Shueys he changed his mind. When visiting at the
Brock home, some time afterward, he noticed that the ob-
ject of his earlier attention had a white-handled penknife
that he had given her. He asked her to return it, but she
replied that wherever the knife went she went. Glossbren-
ner was glad to say no more on the subject of knives.
When Mr. Glossbrenner was but twenty-two years old
he was chosen presiding elder of the Staunton district.
He was several times re-elected, and up to the time that he
first became a bishop, he had served but four other itiner-
ances — Shiloh mission, and Frederick, Rockbridge. and
Staunton circuits. In 1845 he was a bishop and such he
remained for forty years. In 1885 he became bishop
emeritus, being continued in all his former relations to the
superintendency, but relieved from presiding over confer-
ence sessions.
Bishop Glossbrenner was naturally conservative. When
he entered the Virginia Conference, there were only four
circuits, eight itinerants, and two or three houses of wor-
ship. Yet through half a century he kept abreast with the
progress of the Church. Every interest and every great
enterprise which grew up in these fifty years found in him
CHURCH HISTORY 149
a friend, and though crowned with honor and years he died
young in heart. He was a man of retiring modesty, but
was a systematic and logical thinker and profound theolo-
gian. As a preacher he was bold, fearless, tender-hearted,
persuasive, earnest, and eloquent. Though he made con-
version a direct aim in his preaching, he was not eminent-
ly a revivalist. Reformation and not denunciation was
uppermost in his sermons. As a presiding officer he was
able, dignified, discreet, and broad-minded. He was also
a good parliamentarian.
A younger minister, in giving some reminiscences, re-
marked that whenever he looked at Glossbrenner, he felt
inspired to make a better man of himself. Bishop Hott
said that Glossbrenner was unique, that no other man could
be like him, and that no person since Otterbein had so
strongly impressed himself on the United Brethren Church.
The bishop's fine farm on Middle River was the gift
of his father-in-law. In 1855 he removed to a very com-
fortable home at Churchville. In the opinion of the
Public he was worth several times the actual inventory of
$10,000 and some insurance. During his first year as
bishop lie received only $36 and his traveling expenses.
This stipend was increased to $750 in 1865, and later to
twice that amount.
Bishop Glossbrenner died at his home at Churchville,
January 7, 1887, at the age of seventy-four. He was of
more than medium height. He had black eyes, dark com-
plexion, and regular features. His manner was winning and
sincere. By adults he was familiary known as "Brother
Gloss," and by children as '"Uncle Gloss." His
voice was
distinct, ringing, and melodious. His preaching was wholly
in English. Even his parents understood but little Ger-
man. The bishop had three daughters. His only son died
in infancy.
Jacob J. Glossbrenner built himself very largely into
the history of the Virginia Conference, and more is said of
him in other chapters of this book.
150 UNITED BRETHREN
*****
Jacob
Markwood was born at
Charlestown, West Vir-
ginia, December 25, 1818. His brother was a Presbyterian.
When thirteen years old, and an apprentice in a woolen
factory, he was converted. He soon felt it his duty to
preach, and at the age of eighteen was licensed to exhort.
A few months later he was placed on Hagerstown circuit.
His next Held was the South Branch. In 1843 he was a
presiding elder, and beginning with 1845 was a delegate
to every General Conference. In 1861 he was elected bishop
and held this place eight years. As a preacher, Bishop
Markwood was fervent and eloquent. He was an indefatig-
able worker, and one of the most remarkable men the
United Brethren Church has produced. In personal ap-
pearance he was dark, thin, and wiry, and he was too heed-
less of his physical welfare. He died at Luray, Virginia
in 1873.
*****
James W.
Hott, a son of Jacob F.
Hott, was born
November 15, 1844, was converted at the age of thirteen,
and three years later was licensed to preach. In 1802,
when but eighteen years old, he entered the Virginia Con-
ference, and was ordained in 1865. During the eleven
years that he was a member of the conference, his fields
were Winchester, Martinsburg, Woodstock, Churchville,
Boonsboro, and Hagerstown. He was very successful, sev-
eral hundred conversions taking place under his ministry.
In the General Conference of 1869 he was the youngest
delegate, being twenty-four years of age. At the next Gen-
eral Conference, of which he was likewise a member, he
was chosen treasurer of its Missionary Society. In 1877
he became editor of the Religious Telescope, and held this
very important position twelve years. This period was a
critical time in the history of the Church, yet he filled the
place with great tact and acceptability.
In 1881 Dr. Hott was chosen as a delegate to the Metho-
dist Ecumenical Conference at London. He extended his
visit to the Eastern Continent, and his "Journeyings in the
Old World" is one of the best books of its kind ever writ-
CHURCH
HISTORY 151
ten. In 1889 he was elected bishop and for twelve years
he filled this place with credit to himself and the church.
In 1894 he made an official visit to the mission fields in
Germany and Africa. This seemed to fire his zeal in the
cause of missions.
Although Bishop Hott was a self-made man, his was a
well-stored and cultured mind, and he was an eloquent
speaker. The degree of doctor of divinity was conferred
on him by two colleges, and that of doctor of laws by Lane
University.
Dr. Hott was recognized within and without his church
as an able preacher, strong writer, an efficient presiding
officer, and a safe counselor. His superior natural gifts
and his positive convictions, sharpened by lifelong study,
made him a leader. He was at the front in every move-
ment looking to the good of the Church and the salvation
of men. His deep and genuine interest in young people
made him a friend of the United Brethren schools and the
Christian societies of the young folks. He possessed an un-
usual personal charm. His conversational power, his
urbanity of manner, his warm affability, and his genuine
hospitality were attractive elements of his character. His
ceaseless toil was remarkable, and undoubtedly contributed
to cut him off at what seemed a premature age.
Bishop Hott died January 9, 1902 at the age of fifty-
seven years. His first wife was Martha A. Ramey of Fred-
erick County, Virginia. Their children were four. He was
married a second time to Marie Shank of Ohio.
*****
Henry H.
Fout was born at Maysville,
West Virginia,
October 18, 1860, being a son of Henry and Susan (Powell)
Fout. He was educated at Shenandoah Institute and
Union Theological Seminary. He was licensed in 1885,
and in this conference served Frederick (Md.), Keedysville,
Edinburg, and Williamsport. He then joined the Miami
Conference, in which he was a presiding elder. During
the next twelve years he was editor of the Sunday school
152 UNITED BRETHREN
papers of the Church, and in 1913 he became a bishop with
his residence at Indianapolis, Indiana.
Julius K. Fout, a son of Henry Fout, was born at Mays-
Ville, West Virginia, in 1870, and was graduated from Shen-
andoah Seminary in 1893, in which year he was ordained.
His only field in the Virginia Conference territory was
Franklin circuit. In the first seven years of his ministry,
he received 287 members. After rising to high position in
the activities of the Church, Dr. Fout became General
Manager of Bonebrake Theological Seminary, Dayton, Ohio.
*****
Samuel
Hiestand, ninth bishop of the
United Brethren
Church, was born in Page county, Virginia, March 3, 1781.
His parents were Moravians. About 1804 he went to Ohio,
and through the influence of George Benedum was roused
from a backslidden state, becoming associated with him
as an evangelist. In 1810 he helped to organize the Miami
Conference, the first daughter conference of the Church.
He was a faithful itinerant and became bishop in 1833.
Bishop Hiestand was a man of estimable social qualities.
As an English scholar he was indifferent, but he was well
read in the German. He died in Fairfield county, Ohio,
in 1838.
*****
Zebedee
Warner was born in the west of
Pendleton
comity. West Virginia, February 28, 1833, and died in
Nebraska, January 24, 1888. He joined the United Breth-
ren Church in 1850. Feeling the need of a better education
than he could secure in his native county, he went the fol-
lowing year to the Northwestern Academy at Clarksburg,
W. Va. He arrived there without any money, yet he re-
mained one year, earning his board and tuition by manual
labor. A student he remained all his life. In 1853 he was
licensed as a preacher, and three years later was sent to
the extreme west of Virginia. In 1858 he helped to
organize the Parkersburg Conference, this being done in
Taylor county, and from the very first he was a leader
CHURCH HISTORY 153
in it. In the new conference his first charge was Taylor
circuit, which took in parts of five counties. His salary
was $100, and out of this he had to pay rent on a little log
cabin in the outskirts of Philippi. At times the family
faced want. From 1802 to 1809 he was a presiding elder.
Whether as pastor or elder, Mr. Warner had very unusual
courage and endurance and neglected no duty. He made
a specialty of "catching and training" young men. For
this purpose he established a theological institute for the
benefit of young candidates for the ministry who were
without a sufficient education, and he taught this school
without compensation. His pastorate at Parkersburg —
1869 to 1880 — was when it closed the longest known in
the history of the Church. He was Missionary Secretary,
1880-87. In 1878 Mr. Warner was made a Doctor of Divin-
ity by Otterbein University. He was one of the greatest
pulpit orators in the Church, a great advocate of temper-
ance, and he helped to change the attitude of his Church
on the question of secret orders.
*****
Abner
Corbin was born in Hampshire
county in 1823,
but went to Iowa in 1844, where he was soon licensed.
About 1818 he was made a frontier missionary. In this
capacity his labors were of the most strenuous character.
There were times when he could cross a river only by
fastening several logs together and making his horse swim.
He died in 1802.
*****
John W.
Fulkerson was born in Frederick
county, Vir-
ginia, in 1822, and was still living in 1900. He was a mem-
ber of the Virginia Conference from 1839 to 1852. In
1850 he went to Minnesota as a missionary, and held his
first meeting as such on the site of Eyota. The people on
that frontier were living in log cabins, board shacks, and
sod houses. What little money they brought with them
had been spent in the long winter that followed. Living
was very high and potatoes could not be had at any price.
154 UNITED BRETHREN
Snow covered the ground to a depth of five feet. Mr. Fulk-
erson was a student of human nature and learned to adapt
himself to his environments. When he began his minis-
try, his mother had given him this advice: "John, your rest
must be in labor. Greet all with a smile. Make your back
fit anybody's bed. By your social life attract the people,
and by your religious life save them." The first session of
the Minnesota Conference was held in 1857, himself, J.
Haney, and two others comprising the preachers. The
Membership was 247. The first year he had $188.20 from
the General Board.
*****
John C.
McNamar, born in Virginia in
1779, was the
first English-speaking preacher of the United Brethren. He
joined the Miami Conference in 1813, and distinguished
himself in the home missionary field. Within six more
years eight more English-speaking ministers had leaned
that conference.
*****
A. S.
Sellers was born in Rockingham
county in 1808.
He was converted at a camp meeting in Harrison county,
Indiana, in 1830 and on that very spot preached his first
sermon. In 1836 he joined Wabash Conference. Three
years later he moved into Iowa, and in that state lit “per-
haps endured more hardships and made greater sacrifices
to build up the Church" than any other missionary. When
a presiding elder in 1850, he traveled 900 miles to make
one round on his circuit, encountering frequent peril from
storm and flood. Up to 1857 he had received only $526.37.
*****
Walton C.
Smith was born near
Winchester in 1822 and
died at Westfield, Illinois in 1905. He went West in 1834
and joined the Wabash Conference in 1848. He was a
member of eight General Conferences, and is known as
the "Father of Westfield College."
155
CHAPTER XX
BIOGRAPHICAL
SKETCHES OF MINISTERS
Some of these sketches are compiled from letters writ-
ten about 1900. There has been no opportunity to bring
them all up to date.
AMBROSE: William Ambrose was born in Maryland
in 1770, but lived on Sleepy Creek, W. Va., from about
1789 until 1815, when he removed to Highland county, O.,
where he died in 1850. He was licensed in 1792 and ordain-
ed in 1808. In 1812 he was with Bishop Newcomer during
an extended tour in Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and
Kentucky. After going to Ohio he became a member of
the Scioto Conference. A revival in his neighborhood in
1820 resulted in a strong church organization. The wife
of Mr. Ambrose was a daughter of Christian Crum. Two
of his sons became members of the Illinois Conference.
BAUGHER: Solomon L. Baugher was born at Swift
Run, Va., licensed in 1895, ordained in 1898, and has been
in the itineracy 24 years, serving Fulton, Conshohocken,
(Pa.), Portland, (Ind.), Big Pool, Pleasant Valley, Edin-
burg. While at Conshohocken, 234 were received into
church membership, and 455 were enrolled in the Sunday
School.
BEALE: Joseph R. Beale, son of Dr. George F. and
Mary (Dickenson) Beale, was born near Pamplin's Depot,
Va., Oct. 13, 1869, and was educated at Lafayette College
and Union Theological Seminary (New York City). He
was licensed in 1897 and ordained in 1900. Mr. Beale was
12 years a Presbyterian minister in New York, Pennsyl-
vania, New Jersey, and Nebraska. He joined the United
Brethren Church in 1916, and was two years on the West
Frederick charge. He had taught several years before join-
ing the teaching stall' of the Shenandoah Collegiate Insti-
tute in December, 1917.
156 UNITED BRETHREN
BERRY: William R. Berry, second son of Archibald
and Elizabeth Berry, was born near Mount Clinton Rock-
ingham county, Virginia, and died at Dayton, July M) l.)(K).
In 1870 he was converted at a camp meeting held near
Singer's Glen. He was licensed in 1871 and ordained in
1881 In 1878 he finished a two years' course of study in
the Institute at Dayton. Mr. Berry was in the ministry
twenty-eight years, serving Pleasant Valley, New Creek,
South Branch, Mechanicstown, Hagerstown circuit, Berke-
ley Springs, Lacey Spring, Singers Glen, Dayton, and
Frederick circuit. Ill health compelled him to locate, but
he lived only a few weeks in a home of his own. Mr. Berry
was a faithful minister, and few members of the Virginia
Conference were more highly esteemed. In 1882 he was
married to Miss Margaret Taylor of Hampshire County.
BOVEY: Henry A. Bovey was born near Leitersburg,
Maryland, in 1831, and was converted on his twenty-second
birthday. He was licensed in 1859, and in 1861 was assigned
to Highland circuit. In 1870-73 he was presiding elder of
Hagerstown district. In 1877 he removed to Westerville,
Ohio, where three sons and three daughters graduated
from Otterbein University. Mr. Bovey was a son of Adam
I. Bovey, an active local preacher who preached in both
German and English. Jacob A. Bovey was another son.
Still another was Daniel R., who did not enter the ministry
until about 50 years of age.
BRANE: Commodore I. B. Brane was born in Fred-
erick, Maryland, Christmas Day, 1818. His father was poor
and he had to help support himself. During the war he
worked in the Bureau of Printing and Engraving at
Washington. He was converted in 1870, licensed 1872, and
ordained 1870. His fields in this conference territory were
Potomac mission. New Germany, Berkeley Springs, and
Dayton. He was presiding elder of the Shenandoah dis-
trict, 1885, and in 1891 delegate to the Methodist Ecumeni-
cal Conference. Mr. Brane has held other important posi-
tions in the Church, and for a number of years was the
Washington correspondent of the "Religious Telescope."
CHURCH
HISTORY 157
Within 30 years of ministerial work he received about
1000 members into the church. Dr. Brane died April 7th,
1920, at Dayton, Ohio, where he was serving as associate
editor of the "Telescope."
BRASHEAR: Theodore F. Brashear, born about 1820,
learned the trade of shoemaker. He was a member of the
Virginia Conference from 1848 until 1861, when he was
sent to Elkhorn circuit in the Rock River Conference. His
first work in the Virginia Conference was as a junior on the
Hagerstown circuit. He was scrupulously honest, thor-
oughly conscientious, and deeply sincere. His retentive
memory enabled him to improve rapidly, both in preach-
ing and in general knowledge. He served some of the best
charges in Iowa, and was many years a presiding elder.
Mr. Brashear was an able preacher, but from his unsuspect-
ing nature he could not see the point of a joke soon enough
to dodge it, and in consequence was often victimized. It
is said of him that while attending a quarterly meeting and
staying Saturday night at the home of the steward of the
church, he felt the need of having something more under
his head. So he made a search in the darkness and used
something he found hanging on the wall. After break-
fast the two men started to church, taking a part of the
elements with them and leaving the rest for the housewife
to bring later. She failed to come because she could not
find the dress she wished to wear, and believed some rival
had stolen it. When it was too late to go to meeting she
attended to the house work, and found the dress under
the preacher's pillow. After leaving Virginia Mr. Brashear
lived mainly at Vinton, Benton county, but died in
Nebraska, whither he had removed.
BRIDGERS: Lucius Cary Bridgers was born in
Northamton county, N. C., and was educated at the Shen-
andoah Collegiate Institute. He was converted in 1897 and
licensed in 1918. He has been serving Ridgley five years.
BRILL: James William Brill was born near Capon
Springs, W. Va., Dec. 13, 1859, and is a son of John A. and
158 UNITED BRETHREN
Eliza Brill. He was licensed in 189 4, ordained in 11H)1,
and has been an itinerant 25 years. He has served Lost
River, Pendleton, East Rockingham, Prince William, and
Bayard.
BRUNK: Jacob Brunk, a Mennonite and the ancestor
of the Brunk family, came in 1795, from Maryland and set-
tled near Pennington's store in Frederick county. Bishop
Newcomer made his home a stopping place. George
Brunk, a grandson, lived on Brunk's hill on the road from
Brock's Gap to Broadway.
BRUNK: John Henry Brunk, son of Hugh A. and Nancy
(Heatwole) Brunk, was born in a log house seven miles
west of Harrisonburg, Va., April 3, 1861. His education
was gained in the state normal schools. He was converted
in 1879, licensed the same year, ordained in 1900, and has
been an itinerant 22 years. His charges have been New
Creek, Elkton, Singers Glen, Keyser, Harrisonburg, and
Berkeley Springs. Mr. Brunk is a trustee of Lebanon Val-
ley College, which gave him the degree of Doctor of
Divinity in 1917, and was a member of the General Con-
ferences of 1913, 1917, and 1921. He built churches at
Antioch, Swift Run, Mount Hebron, and Singer's Glen, and
a parsonage at Berkeley Springs. He began life as a car-
penter, and taught 17 years in the public schools. Until
the age of eighteen he was a Mennonite.
BURGESS: George Burgess was born at Laurel Dale,
Mineral county, W. Va., October 17, 1861, being a son of
Edwin and Ellen Burgess. He was educated in the free
schools, and in 1879 was converted under the preaching of
Jacob Rodruck. He was licensed at Lacey Spring and
ordained at Keyser. His charges have been Moorefield,
South Branch, New Creek, and Elk Garden. Mr. Burgess
spent two years as an evangelist.
BURTNER: Henry Burtner was born in 1800 in Cum-
berland county, Pennsylvania, and came to Dayton in 1843,
settling on a fine farm close to the southwest border of the
town. He entered conference in 1820, but as his education
CHURCH
HISTORY 159
was wholly in German, he at length retired from active
work in the ministry. Mr. Burtner was a prosperous
farmer and a man of much business ability. He was a
man of more than medium size, and had a fine countenance
and a very penetrating eye. In his home he was pleasant
and very hospitable. His preaching was of depth and
power. He died at Dayton in 1857.
BURTNER: William H. Burtner was a son of the Rev.
Henry Burtner, and came to Dayton, Virginia with his
father. He was converted early in life and gave the church
of his choice a loyal support. He was progressive and ever
ready to aid any worthy enterprise. Mr. Burtner was never
an itinerant, yet did much preaching, especially in revivals.
During a number of years he was an active trustee of Shen-
andoah Institute. His home was a Christian home. At
the time of his death, at his home near Mount Clinton in
Rockingham, May 25, 1894, nine of his twelve children
were living and were members of the church. Three of
them were in the active ministry. These were L. O. Burt-
ner, superintendent of our church on the west coast of
Africa, N. W. Burtner, pastor at Muscatine, Iowa, and O.
W. Burtner of the Virginia Conference.
BURTNER: Luther O. Burtner, a son of William H.
Burtner was born at Dayton, Va., December 9, 1858. He
was a student at Union Biblical Seminary, 1885-87, joined
conference, 1882, and was ordained 1889. He preached at
Keedysville and Frederick before going to Africa as a mis-
sionary, where he spent over six years. After his return
he was presiding elder of Maryland Conference.
BURTNER: Otto W. Burtner was born at Mount Clin-
ton, Virginia, in 1873. He was licensed in 1893, and during
the next six years served five charges, receiving 157 mem-
bers into the church.
BYRD: Rudolph Byrd was born near Ottobine, Rock-
ingham county, in 1859, and was licensed in 1884. During
the next 16 years he was on the Front Royal, Dayton, Edin-
burg, Toms Brook, Berkeley Springs, Myersville, and
160 UNITED BRETHREN
Hagerstown charges. In this time he built one Church and
one parsonage, and received o75 into the church.
CHILDRESS: W. Lomax Childress, born in Roanoke
county, Virginia, in 1867, was converted while studying
law in the city of Roanoke. He first joined the Methodist
Protestant Church and served three charges therein, be-
sides being conference evangelist. In 1894 he joined the
Virginia Conference, and served Dayton circuit, Lacey
Spring, Berkeley Springs, and Rohrersville. In 1895 he was
married to a daughter of William Burtner and has several
children. Mr. Childress has a poetic gift and is the author
of several volumes of verse.
CLARY: William H. Clary was born in Frederick
county, Maryland, July 22, 1834, and died at Deer Park in
the same state, October 29, 1913. He was converted in
1865, and was licensed by the Virginia Conference in 1870.
After serving in a local capacity he was sent to the Deer
Park charge in 1879. His subsequent circuits were West-
ernport, Jones Springs, Toms Brook, and Elk Garden. De-
spite limited educational advantages, Mr. Clary was a good
preacher and very successful evangelist. He always saw
the bright side of life, had an active mind, and possessed
n determined will to succeed. His was the happy faculty
of adapting himself to circumstances and making friends
wherever lie went. He was married in 1863 to Eliza M.
Wheat of Morgan county. West Virginia, and had ten chil-
dren. In 15 years he built two churches and received 620
members.
CLIFFORD: Theodore K. Clifford was a free-born
negro who ran away from home at the age of fifteen, and
soon afterward enlisted in the regular army of the United
States After the close of the war between North and
South, he returned to Hardy county. West Virginia, and
preached eleven years in the Methodist Episcopal Church.
But having lived among United Brethren people, and,
realizing the pressing claims of the United Brethren Church
upon his race, he joined the Virginia Conference in 1887.
CHURCH HISTORY 161
and served its freedmen's mission until the day of his
death. He was a man above the average of his race, and
so deported himself as to win the respect and esteem of
the best people of both colors. His upright life was never
questioned, and he manifested his appreciation of genuine
kindness in every proper way. He was a good preacher
and singer. He always attended the sessions of the confer-
ence, but never took part in its discussions unless called
upon. His people were poor and backward, and his work
required long drives to sparsely settled localities. Mr.
Clifford died in Harrisonburg, March 16, 1908, at the age
of sixty-three, having been pastor of the mission twenty-
five years. He had eight children and one of his sons took
up his work.
COLLIS: Joseph Romain Collis, son of John M. and
Lucy M. Collis, was born in Berkeley county, W. Va.,
August 1, 1887. He was educated at the Shenandoah Col-
legiate Institute, converted in 1903, and licensed in 1912.
He has preached six years at Reliance and Singer's Glen.
COURSEY: William R. Coursey was born in Rocking-
ham county and joined the Virginia Conference in 1833.
He preached in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and
Illinois. He died in Maryland while revisiting the East,
July 2, 1881. As circuit preacher and presiding elder he
wrought great good in the bounds of this conference. In
1841 and again in 1849 he was a member of the General
Conference. As a preacher, Mr. Coursey was eminently
clear, logical, and convincing, kind, gentle, and enticing.
His musical voice, and his countenance, such as one loved
to look upon, gave a charm to his pulpit ministrations.
CRABILL: Samuel A. Crabill, a son of Samuel and
Mary Crabill, was born in Rockingham county, in 1862,
and was licensed in 1888. His early pastorates were Pen-
dleton, Toms Brook, and Inwood.
CROWELL: Charles Henry Crowell, son of John and
Hester J. Crowell, was born in Clearfield county, Pa.,
May 14, 1850. He was educated in an academy at Church-
162 UNITED BRETHREN
ville, Va., was converted in 1868, licensed in 1874, and
ordained in 1882. He has been an itinerant 46 years, serv-
ing Rockbridge, Page Valley, Augusta, Myersville, Boons-
boro, Edinburg, Frederick, Harrisonburg and Dayton,
Roanoke, Berkeley Springs, Lacey Spring, and Great
Cacapon. Mr. Crowell was four years Presiding Elder of
Winchester District.
CUPP: N. F. A. Cupp, son of Daniel and Rebecca Cupp,
was born near Mount Sidney, Va., September 22, 1862,
was a Lutheran until the age of fourteen, when he joined
the United Brethren. He was licensed in 1885, ordained
in 1887, and has been an itinerant 33 years, serving Singer's
Glen, South Branch, Winchester, Frederick, Berkeley
Springs, Edinburg, Lacey Spring, Elkton, Shenandoah
City, Petersburg and Greensburg.
DAWSON: S. D. Dawson was born near Keyser, West
Virginia, in 1861, and was licensed in 1862. His relation
to the conference prior to 1900 was local.
DAY: Gilbert Day was born and converted in Pendle-
ton county. West Virginia. He was licensed in 1883 and
traveled the North Fork mission for $50 a year, but con-
sidered the experience worth many times the money. Three
years later he did very successful work on the Alleghany
circuit, receiving four times his first salary. In 1892 he
joined the Huntington Presbytery, passing a most rigid
examination, and was pastor at Mannington, West Vir-
ginia, and Marietta, Ohio. By 1900 he had been in synod
and General Assembly, acting as moderator in some of the
sessions of the latter. Mr. Day had four children.
DONOVAN: John D. Donovan was born of religious
parents in Rockingham county, Virginia, May 10, 1855.
His call to the ministry was clear, and he entered it in 1877,
being ordained in 1881. His pastorates were Bloomery,
Dayton circuit, Boonsboro, Martinsburg, Berkeley Springs,
Lacey Spring, Singers Glen, and Staunton mission. Also,
he was seven years presiding elder of the Winchester dis-
trict, and was twice in General Conference. Mr. Donovan
CHURCH HISTORY 163
easily made friends, and among the railroad men he was a
great favorite. He was an interesting preacher and untiring
pastor, and a most successful evangelist. During the last
months of his life, true to his wish to help others, he cared
for an aged blind man in whose home he lived in Martins-
burg, West Virginia, and where he died April 22, 1905. His
wife was Miss Lillian V. Croft, of Staunton. He had an
only son.
EVERS: Abram M. Evers was born near Port Republic,
Virginia, in 1837, and was converted in 1855. His circuits
to 1900 were South Branch, Rockbridge, Keezletown,
Boonsboro, Myersville, Hagerstown, Frederick, Martins-
burg, and Churchville. After 1887 he was a member of
the Maryland Conference. In this period he was seven
years presiding elder, three times a delegate to the General
Conference, and built four churches. A daughter married
the Rev. D. E. Burtner of the Congregationalist Church.
EWING: William O. Ewing was born July 13, 1866,
and died at Churchville, October 15, 1898. He joined the
church when fourteen years old and the conference when
twenty-three. His pastorates were Winchester, Vancleves-
ville. Singers Glen, Cross Keys, Dayton, and Churchville.
FADELEY: Green B. Fadeley, son of Abraham Fade-
ley, was born at Columbia Furnace, Shenandoah county,
Virginia, March 3, 1859. He was converted at an early
age and entered the Virginia Conference in 1886, his early
pastorates being Bloomery, Elkton, Shenandoah, and Lacey
Spring. In these fifteen years he built four churches, com-
pleted two parsonages, and received 549 members into the
church. He was married to Charlotte Shipp in 1878 and
had seven children. Mr. Fadeley has made a record as a
good preacher, an industrious worker, a man loyal to his
friends, who hold him in high esteem.
FEASTER: Thomas J. Feaster was born near Mays-
ville. West Virginia, November 23, 1864, and died in the
parsonage at Pleasant Valley, Virginia, August 20, 1906.
His parents were religious and he was converted at the age
164 UNITED BRETHREN
of sixteen. Three years later he was licensed to preach
and a year later yet he began teaching in the public schools
of Grant county. In 1898 he entered the Virginia Confer-
ence and was ordained in 1901. His circuits were Pendle-
ton, West Frederick, Toms Brook, and Pleasant Valley.
He was one of the most promising young men of the con-
ference; a forcible preacher, an earnest Christian worker,
and successful evangelist. In 1889 he was married to Miss
Alverda Hott. Their children were four.
FORD: John Henry Ford was born in Ireland in 1869,
and was educated at Dundee, Scotland. He was converted
in 1888, licensed in 1903, and ordained in 1912. During
eleven years he has served Edinburg, Churchville, Martins-
burg, and Roanoke. Before joining the Virginia Confer-
ence, Mr. Ford served two charges in Kansas.
FREED: A. D. Freed, son of the Rev. J. D. Freed, also
of the Virginia Conference, was born October 15, 1850. and
died in October, 1877. He was converted in 1867, and
felt a call to preach, yet his diffidence and a sense of being
unworthy led him for a long while to keep back his con-
victions from others. After two terms in Lebanon Valley,
where he made commendable progress and occasionally
preached, he was taken into conference, but the feebleness
of his health compelled him to resign his work.
FRIES: William O. Fries was born near Winchester,
Virginia, in 18H0, and was graduated with second honors
from Lebanon Valley College in 1882. Two years later
he completed a full course at Union Biblical Seminary. He
was given an exhorter's license in 1878, and joined confer-
ence in 1881. After preaching at Hagerstown and Fred-
erick, he was three years pastor at Buckhannon, West Vir-
ginia, and principal of the academy at that place, becom-
ing then a member of the Sandusky Conference. To the
close of 1899 he had received about 600 members into the
church. His wife was a daughter of the Rev. J. K. Nelson.
Four years he was a trustee of the publishing house at
CHURCH HISTORY 165
Dayton, Ohio. In recent years Dr. Fries has been editor
of the Sunday School literature of the church.
GLOVIER: David Franklin Glovier, son of Legrand and
Luvernie E. (Frank) Glovier, was born near Cherry Grove,
Va., October 19. 1889, was educated at the Harrisonburg
State. Normal School, converted in 1902, and licensed in,
1916. He has served the Augusta charge three years.
GRIMM: John W. Grimm was born at Rohrersville,
Maryland, in 1839, licensed in 1861. and his first work was
as junior on Frederick circuit in 1862. His later fields
were Churchville, South Branch. Edinburg, Lacey Sprung.
After 1875 his fields were north of the Potomac.
GRIMM: Jacob L. Grimm was born near Rohrersville,
Maryland, in 1842. He was of a family of six boys and six
girls. Three of the former
and their father were members
of the Virginia Conference. Jacob L. was licensed in the
historic house of Peter Kemp in 1866, and made his three
years course of reading in two years. His only pastorate
in this territory was Rockingham circuit, 1869-71. In 1887
he was chosen editor of "The Weekly Itinerant" and man-
ager of the Eastern United Brethren Book and Publishing
House.
GREGORY: David Thomas Gregory, son of Joseph Ti.
and Sarah E. (Fulk) Gregory, was born in Berkeley
county, W. Va., July 16, 1889. He was educated at Shenan-
doah Collegiate Institute and Bonebrake Theological Semi-
nary, was converted in a revival at Pleasant Plains United
Brethren Church in Berkeley county, and was licensed at
the annual conference of 1915. He was ordained in 1920
and has been four years an itinerant, serving West Fred-
erick, Jones Spring, and Bethany, the last circuit being in
Lebanon county. Pa. The parents and grandparents of Mr.
Gregory were among the most loyal of United Brethren,
their homes being stopping places for Bishops Glossbrenner
and Hott, as well as others.
166 UNITED BRETHREN
GROVE: Herman Jonas Grove was born at Mapleton
Depot, Pa., March 17, 1899, and is a son of John H. and
Rhoda (Gerhart) Grove. He was converted in 1915. New
Creek is his one circuit thus far.
GRUVER: William Franklin Gruver, son of Jacob I.
and Anna M. Gruver, was born in Franklin county, Penn.,
in 1865. He was converted in 1876, licensed in 1887,
ordained in 1889, traveled Singer's Glen charge two years,
Lacey Spring one year, Elkton one year, Edinburg three
years, Dayton Circuit three years, Martinsburg Station
eighteen and a half years. Assigned to Harrisonburg on
September 19, 1921. Served as presiding elder three years
and as Conference Superintendent three years, the two
terms from March 1903 to March 1909. He was appointed
Conference Superintendent again by Bishop Hell in Novem-
ber, 1921. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was given him
by Lebanon Valley College in June 1910. He married Miss
Nellie M. Ruby December 24, 1889, and has three children,
Joseph, Pauline and Paul.
HAMMACK: Abraham Statton Hammack was born
near Stribling Springs, Va., his parents being Rev. C. B.
and Mary E. Hammack. He was converted at the age of
twelve, and finished his education at Union Biblical Semi-
nary. He was licensed in 1887, ordained in 1890, and be-
came an itinerant 30 years ago. His charges were New
Creek, South Branch, Augusta, Churchville, and Harrison-
burg. He was then Presiding Elder four years, and for
nearly thirteen years has been Conference Superintendent.
Mr. Hammack was married in 1890 to Josie G. Huffman and
has had six children.
HARMAN: George Harman was a native of Pendleton
County, West Virginia, where he was born July 11, 1828.
His parents, Joshua and Elizabeth Harman, died while ho
was still a youth, leaving him with little more than a good
constitution and native talent. By dint of energy, efficiency,
and hard work, he became wealthy and influential. In 1860
he removed to what is now Grant county and purchased
a pleasant home near the county seat. Soon after this
CHURCH HISTORY 167
change of residence he was given quarterly conference
license, and in 1869 joined the annual conference, being
ordained in 1876. Although he did not enter the active
itinerancy, he served to the end as a local minister, and
in this field was very acceptable. He always commanded
the attention of his hearers, and was often called upon to
preach at funerals. In the political field he rose to local
eminence and served in both houses of the legislature. At
the time of his death he was serving as a member of the
county court. He was a man of strong convictions and he
had the courage to stand up for them. Mr. Harman was
twice married, both wives being daughters of Jacob Smith
of Pendleton county. He had five daughters and two sons.
HANEY: John Haney was born in York county,
Pennsylvania, April 10, 1807, and at an early age was con-
firmed in the Reformed Church. In 1828 he was converted
and joined the United Brethren Church, and the following
year was licensed to preach. In 1833 he became presiding
elder of the Virginia district.
HARP: Joshua Harp was born in Frederick county.
Maryland, in 1825, was licensed in 1860, and ordained in
1864. He was a farmer of Washington county, Maryland,
and his relation to the conference was local.
HENSLEY: James L. Hensley was born at Harrison-
burg, Virginia, January 24, 1833, and began preaching at
the age of twenty-three. He entered conference in 1859,
and at the solicitation of Bishop Glossbrenner at once trans-
ferred himself to the Parkersburg Conference, in which he
remained twenty-seven years, served with ability nine fields
of labor. In 1885 he joined the Central Ohio Conference,
and in 1900 was living at Marion in that state, holding
a superannuate relation. During his ministry he built six
churches, married 304 couples, conducted nearly 1000
funerals, and received more than 1000 members into the
church. In his youth his educational opportunities were
limited Yet by studious habits he became a cultured man,
and completed a medical course in 1867. He at length
168 UNITED BRETHREN
became a physician and as such was a member of several
medical societies. Dr. Hensley served in the legislatures
of both West Virginia and Ohio, and was a leader in secur-
ing the admission in the former state of a prohibitory
amendment to the state constitution. His first wife was
Eliza J. Stonebaugh of Augusta county, by whom he had
five children.
HICKS: James W. Hicks was born in Frederick county,
Virginia, January 20, 1855. He joined the Methodist Church
in 1869 and the United Brethren in 1876, at which time he
was given quarterly conference license. In 1880 he was
graduated from Union Biblical Seminary, and was ordained
the next year. After serving Westernport, Edinburg,
Churchville, and Myersville, he joined the Sandusky Con-
ference in 1888. In 1893 he was a delegate to the General
Conference. He married Linnie C. Nelson at Martinsburg,
West Virginia, and five children were born to them.
HISER: Carl William Hiser, son of William F. and
Ida H. (Mouse) Hiser, was born near Petersburg, W. Va.,
April 17, 1900. and has studied at the Shenandoah Col-
legiate Institute and Lebanon Valley College. He was con-
verted in 1912 and licensed in 1915. Mr. Hiser preached
his first sermon in Staunton when only sixteen years old,
and has done itinerant work three years. He was class
valedictorian at Shenandoah Collegiate Institute in 1919.
Graduated at L. V. C. 1922.
HOOVER: A. Hoover was born March 10, 1839, and
died at Roanoke. Virginia, February 10, 1901. He became
an itinerant in 1870, and was ordained the year following.
His circuits were Hagerstown, Rockbridge, Straight Creek,
Page Valley, South Branch, and Lacey Spring. Ill health
compelled him to quit the active ministry, but he hoped to
be able to enter it again. Mr. Hoover lived a life of Chris-
tian consistency. He left nine children.
HOTT: Jacob F. Hott lived eight miles north of Win-
chester, and the door of his comfortable home was ever
open to the ministers and laymen of his church. He was
CHURCH HISTORY 169
a self-made man of excellent qualities and sterling charac-
ter For a number of years he was a local preacher, but is
better remembered as the father of several eminent mem-
bers of the Virginia Conference. Jane, the wife, was a
woman of deep piety and earnest devotion. Mr. Hott was
converted at the age of fourteen, and joined the church at
the same time with Jacob Markwood, whose name was
often on his lips. He was soon licensed to preach, and in
1857 he joined the Virginia Conference, sustaining honor-
ably a local relation the remainder or his life. Though not
an itinerant, he traveled a wide Held, preaching in barns,
mills, groves, and private houses. Mr. Hott was a man
of social attractiveness and sparkling wit. His comfortable
home was a hospitable one. He was deservedly popular as
a preacher. He never left the commanding heights of
written revelation for the low grounds of uninspired
thought, and every pulpit effort was earnest work for God.
He was not a man of strong physique, and at the time of
his death, August 31, 1881, he had not quite completed his
sixty-fourth year.
HOTT: John H. Hott, a son of Peter and Tamson
(Scott) Hott, was born in Frederick county, Virginia, in
1835, but about ten years later his parents moved to what
Is now Grant county. West Virginia. In 180 he was con-
verted and took up Christian work. Before being licensed
by his quarterly conference, but with the sanction of several
ministers, he held several successful revivals and estab-
lished a number of churches. These congregations still
endure. Mr. Hott entered Conference in 1877 and was
ordained in 1883. His circuits prior to 1897 were Bloom-
ery, Elkton, Madison mission, Rockbridge, Franklin, and
South Branch. He died in Augusta county, December 22,
1916. While somewhat short in scholarship, Mr. Hott was
a hard worker, a good speaker, and a pleasant companion.
He was three times married and had eight children.
HOTT: George P. Hott, a brother to Bishop Hott, was
one of the four preacher-sons of Jacob F. Hott, and was
170 UNITED BRETHREN
born March 13, 1854. After leaching three years in his
native county of Frederick, he entered the United Brethren
School at Dayton, Virginia, passing to Dayton, Ohio, where
he graduated in 1882 from Union Biblical Seminary. He
was given the honorary degree of Master of Arts by
Lebanon Valley College. Mr. Hott was converted at the
age of fifteen, was licensed as a preacher in 1877, and
entered Conference in 1879, serving for twenty-seven years
a number of charges in Virginia and West Virginia. He
was six years a presiding elder, and thirty years the secre-
tary of the Virginia Conference. Four times was he sent
to the General Conference.
In 1890 he published "Christ the Teacher," which has
had a large sale and is in the course of reading for licen-
tiates. As a writer of hymns he possessed much ability,
writing nearly five hundred religious songs and a number
of melodies. Nearly all of these have appeared since 1900.
For many of his hymns he wrote both the words and the
music. Perhaps the best known is “Glory Gates." He also
composed programs for Sunday school entertainments.
For eleven years he was principal of Shenandoah Col-
legiate Institute, and for twenty-five years a trustee. To
him much credit is due for the success of that school. Mr.
Hott died at Dayton November 28th, 1914, having been in
feeble health several years. His wife was Carrie M. Robin-
son, also of Frederick. He left a son and a daughter.
HOWE: George W. Howe was born in Rappahannock
county, September 14, 1831, and died at Mount Clinton in
Rockingham, March 10, 1889. He joined the church in
1867, and became at once an active and earnest worker.
In early life he was a teacher. His circuits were Berkeley
Springs and Winchester, and in both were extensive re-
vivals. In 1869 he was married to Sarah J. Ryan of Augusta
county. During the last fifteen years of his life he was an
invalid.
HOWE: John W. Howe was born in Rappahannock
county, Virginia, December 4, 1829, and died at Dayton
CHURCH HISTORY 171
Virginia, June 17, 1903. When a youth of fifteen he was
bound to a man who was ever afterward his friends. This
was Samuel Crabill, then living near Strasburg. He re-
mained with Mr. Crabill until he was of age. During these
years young Howe was strong and willing, but wild and
reckless. When twenty-two years old he married Julia
Stickley of the same neighborhood. Soon afterward he
was converted and then became a colporteur and student.
In 1858 he was licensed as a preacher. The next three
years he preached in Augusta, Highland, and Pendleton
counties, building one good country meeting house and
receiving a large number of persons into the church. After
the Civil War broke out he was transferred to Shenandoah
county. Our denomination was then badly disorganized,
but Mr. Howe preached to his people and the soldiers as
opportunity offered. After the return of peace he devoted
himself zealously to the task of rallying the scattered mem-
bership, particularly with the help of revivals and camp
meetings. In these efforts he was very successful.
In 1868 he was made a presiding elder and served in
this capacity seventeen years, although he was on several
circuits between the various terms. In Staunton he
organized a congregation and built a church. This was
his last charge. He believed in the itinerancy and would
not consent to serve longer than four years at one time
as elder or pastor. Beginning with 1869 he was in every
General Conference, and in that body he was a great
worker, especially on committees. Finance was his strong
point, and when he was present the taking of a collection
fell upon him. He was several times offered important
places in the financial work of the Church, but preferred
staying in Virginia.
His home for some years after the war was at Singers
Glen, and being himself a good singer, he was there in
touch with kindred spirits. He used new and popular songs
with great effect, and helped to get up a small song book
for use in camp meetings. It took well and a large and
better printed book was called for. A company was formed
172 UNITED BRETHREN
for the publication of a new book, which sold at a profit.
Thus started the publishing house of the Ruebush-Kieffer
Company, Mr. Howe being a member, and deriving from
the business a considerable income. He was a good busi-
ness man, and even under trying conditions he was re-
sourceful. Twice his home burned during his absence, yet
he would at once set about recouping the loss. He always
saws success ahead. Withal, he was liberal, and in the
last twenty years of his life scarcely a church or parsonage
was built in the conference to which he did not contribute.
Mr. Howe was always a friend to Shenandoah Collegiate
Institute, and was one of the first men to contribute $M)0
toward the purchase of the school by the Church. It was
through his counsel and help that the Howe Memorial
Building was erected in front of where he lived. He was
a leader in his conference for many years, and during this
lime nearly every important selection of men was made
with his approval. Mr. Howe was a leader of men, a fine
organizer, and a tireless worker. He was as competent
to manage a state as a conference. It is to him more than
any other one man that is due the recovery of the Church
from the disasters of the war. His second wife was Rebecca
Hancher of Frederick county. There was five daughters
by the first marriage.
HUFFMAN: George Huffman died at his home at
Mount Zion, Augusta county, October 22, 1888, aged about
eighty-two years. "Uncle George," as he was familiarly
called, had been a number of the Conference fifty-nine
years and at its special invitation he gave a talk at the
close of a half-century of ministerial life. His early experi-
ences and memories were such as the United Brethren,
even of thirty years ago, were rarely privileged to meet.
In the permanent growth of the denomination, he watched
with a jealous eve every departure from established cus-
toms and habits He always took sides and was strong
in his convictions. Everybody knew where to find him.
Yet he sometimes chose his friends from among those
who differed with him. He selected for his funeral text.
CHURCH HISTORY 173
"Though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death
I will fear no evil; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me."
HUFFMAN: Sylvester J. Huffman, a son of John R.
and Mary P. Huffman, and grandson of the Rev. John W.
Howe, was born in Staunton, Virginia, in 1869. He went
to Iowa in 1885, joined the Des Moines Conference in 1891,
and was ordained 1895.
HUTSLER: Charles W. Hutsler was born at White-
hall, Virginia, in 1853, and was licensed in 1877. Berkeley
circuit was his only charge in this conference.
JONES: Henry Jones died at his home at East Point,
Rockingham county, Virginia, August 23, 1889, aged nearly
fifty-three years. He entered Conference in 1875, and
labored on Elkton, Front Royal, and Dayton charges, and
was for a while agent for Shenandoah Institute. Failing
health caused him to retire from active work. He was a
man of strong convictions, and would make no compromise
with what he looked upon as evil.
JONES: William O. Jones was born in Madison county,
Virginia, in 1874, and was educated at Lebanon Valley
College and Shenandoah Collegiate Institute. He was
licensed in 1894, and his early fields were Berkeley Springs,
Prince William, and Churchville. He is now serving in the
Nebraska Conference.
JUDY: Ida MaBelle Judy, daughter of Joel and Ellen
Judy, was born near Petersburg, W. Va., June 19, 1873.
She was educated at the Fairmont Normal School, the
Shenandoah Collegiate Institute, and the Moody Biblical
Institute. Miss Judy was converted in 1895, licensed in
1891», ordained in 1901, and has been seven years an itiner-
ant. Her charges have been Franklin, Westernport, Day-
ton, and Petersburg. She has for some time been a mem-
ber, of the faculty of the Shenandoah Collegiate Institute.
KETTERMAN: J. G. Ketterman died at his home on
Lost River mission, December 11, 1884, aged fifty years.
After the close of the war of 1861 he was given quarterly
174 UNITED BRETHREN
conference license, and was a faithful itinerant the rest
of his life. He was a sound and forcible preacher, and was
loved and respected by all.
KIRACOFE: J. W. Kiracofe was born near Stribling
Springs, Virginia, and died at Hagerstown, Maryland. Sep-
tember 29, 1914. aged seventy-three years. Five of his six
brothers were also ministers. He entered conference in
1864, and preached in Highland. Rockingham, Rockbridge,
and Frederick counties. After the formation of the Mary-
land Conference, he was pastor of some of the largest
churches in its territory, such as Hagerstown, Boonsboro,
Frederick. Keedysville, Boiling Springs, Newville, Mechan-
icstown, Potomac, and Mount Alto. In 1912 he retired and
made his home in Hagerstown. He was an able pulpit
orator and long a powerful factor in the church. He had
eight children.
KIRACOFE: Nimrod A. Kiracofe was born at Stribling
Springs;, Virginia, April 17, 1850. He was converted in
1868, licensed 1872, and joined conference in 188f. After
serving West Augusta and South River missions, Lost
River circuit, Williamsport mission, Deer Park circuit, and
Rockbridge circuit, be joined the Pennsylvania Conference.
During the 14 years after admission be built three churches,
and in one meeting had 93 conversions to report. On one
occasion be baptized 40 persons.
LAWRENCE: P. J. Lawrence was born in Loudoun
county, Virginia, in 1859, was licensed in 1879, and joined
conference in 1882. He served Bloomery circuit seven
and one-half years as his first charge. The members
taken into the church in 18 years were about 150.
LUDWIG: S. R. Ludwig was born at Rio, West Vir-
ginia, in 1859. After serving South Branch and Lacey
Springs, be joined the Miami Conference.
LUTZ: Lewis W. Lutz was born near Middletown,
Maryland, in 1872, and graduated in 1897 from Otterbein
CHURCH HISTORY 175
University, joining the West Virginia Conference the same
year. His first work in this conference was South Branch.
MAIDEN: Arthur Lee Maiden, son of Rev. J. W. and
Polly A. Maiden, was born near Elkton, Va., August 31,
1886, was converted in 1899, licensed in 1905, and ordained
in 1912. He has been five years on the Shenandoah,
Prince William, and Westernport charges, graduating
from Bonebrake Theological Seminary 1922.
MAIDEN: John William Maiden, son of James G. and
Mary A. (Wyant) Maiden, was born in Rockingham county,
Va., November 19, 1844. He was converted in 1869,
licensed in 1875, and subsequently ordained. He bas
preached 40 years, serving Rockbridge, Pleasant Valley,
Albemarle, Shenandoah, Churchville, Winchester, Toms
Brook, Great Cacapon, Potomac Fountain, and other
charges.
MANN: Andrew Brown Mann was born in the shire of
Linlithgow, Scotland, of Presbyterian parents, and was
educated in his native country. He was licensed in 1911
and ordained in 1918. His charges have been Bayard, South
Branch, and Staunton. Mr. Mann spent three years in
Y. M. C. A. work, and one year in Canada in special mis-
sion work.
MARTIN: William L. Martin was born near Thurmont,
Maryland, in 1845, and was licensed in 1871, joining confer-
ence in 1881. His pastorates to 1900 were Clarke, Mechan-
icstown, Frederick, Myersville, Williamsport, Boonsboro,
and be built a church at Myersville.
McMULLEN: Edgar W. McMullen was born near
Singers Glen, Virginia, February 5, 1863, and died at Day-
Ton, Virginia, December 11, 1917. He was graduated from
Otterbein University, which conferred on him the degree
of Master of Arts. He was ordained in 1889, but because
of a weak constitution and poor health be never entered
the active ministry. His pulpit was his class room in Shen-
andoah Collegiate Institute, where he was one of the faculty.
His life was a heroic fight against physical odds.
176 UNITED BRETHREN
McNEIL: William Grady McNeil was born in Mississippi,
in 1889. He was converted in 1907, licensed in 1908,
ordained in 1913. His fields have been Fountain, Elkton,
and Franklin.
MESSICK: Lewis Henry Messick, son of William R.
and Mary E. (Hartman) Messick, was born at Mount Clin-
ton, Va., June 13, 1883, and was educated at Bridgewater
and Dayton. He was converted in 1902, licensed in 1907,
and has been an itinerant seven years. His charges have
been West Frederick, Elk Garden, Swoope, and Manassas.
MILES: James W. Miles was born in Frederick county,
Maryland, in 1818, was converted in 1835, and was licensed
in the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1841. He joined
the United Brethren Church in 1843 and its conference the
next year. He was ordained 1840 and in 1850 was presid-
ing elder of the territory that became the Parkersburg Con-
ference, with which he was identified after its organiza-
tion. His second wife, Mary E. Jackson was a cousin to
Stonewall Jackson.
MILLER: Charles Miller was born in York county,
Pennsylvania, December 6, 1824. He professed religion at
the age of seventeen and joined the Evangelical Association.
In 1850 he was ordained. Some time earlier than this he
was sent to Virginia as a missionary. He located at Pur-
gitsville, Hampshire county, West Virginia, where he was
married to Miss Louisa High of that place and reared a
large family. Soon after coming here Mr. Miller connected
himself with the United Brethren, and in 1874 became
an ordained elder. He was an exceptional man. Although
a local preacher, he frequently traveled a circuit thus serv-
ing several large charges in reach of his home. As a
preacher he was clear, logical, and scriptural. As a lay-
man he was much respected and wielded a good influence.
He provided well for his family, yet gave a tenth to the
cause of the Church. He was forty-five years a minister.
MITCHELL: William Davis Mitchell was born in Mont-
gomery county, Va., was educated at Roanoke, converted
CHURCH HISTORY 177
in 1894, and licensed in 1905. He has been an itinerant 14
years, serving Roanoke, Staunton, Harrisonburg, Cumber-
land, and Inwood.
NEGLEY: J. A. Negley was born at White Hall, Vir-
ginia, December 23, 1831, and died at Arthur, Grant county.
West Virginia, December 27, 1898. He was converted when
about twenty-three years old, and joined the Virginia Con-
ference in 1872. His circuits were Clarke, New Haven,
Berkeley, Front Royal, Lost River, Moorefield, and Frank-
lin. His education was meager, yet he often preached with
great power, the plainness and simplicity of his utterances
being readily understood by his hearers. He therefore
often succeeded where others might have failed. His last"
year in the ministry was perhaps his best, since there were
more than one hundred conversions to report. As a token
of its appreciation the Conference ordered that a monu-
ment be placed over his grave at Mount Carmel church.
Grant county.
NIHISER: J. W. Nihiser was born in Shenandoah
county, and died at Keedysville, Maryland, February 26,
1893, aged sixty-six years. He was a brother to the Rev.
Richard Nihiser, and it was through the influence of the
latter that he joined the church. Very early in life he
took an active part in the work of his class. He was a fine
singer at revival meetings and was powerful in prayer. As
an exhorter he was surpassed by few. He traveled South
Branch, Alleghany, New Creek, Franklin, Augusta, Dayton,
and Winchester circuits, on most of which he had exten-
sive revivals. For several years he had been on the super-
numary list, making his home with his son, Dr. W. M.
Nihiser.
OBAUGH: William B. Obaugh, son of Mr. and Mrs. S.
H. Obaugh, was born near Churchville, Va., December 6,
1892, and studied at the Shenandoah Collegiate Institute
and Bonebrake Seminary. He was licensed in 1916, has
spent three years on Fountain and Edinburg circuits, and
was graduated from Bonebrake Seminary 1922.
178 UNITED BRETHREN
PERRY: John W. Perry was born at Chewsville, Mary-
land, in 1825, studied at Mount Pleasant College, and
joined conference in 1850. He was a member of the Park-
ersburg Conference from 1857 to 1889, when he removed
to Philadelphia to be with his son.
RACEY: Calvin Jackson Racey, son of Morgan and
Rebecca Racey, was born at Old Fields, Hardy county,
W. Va. He studied two years at the Shenandoah Collegiate
Institute, was converted in 1883, licensed in 1905, and
ordained in 1912. Mr. Racey taught 12 years in his native
county, holding a Number One certificate at the age of
eighteen. He has been an itinerant 18 years, having served
West Frederick, Winchester, Swoope, Pendleton, Elk Gar-
den, and Westernport. His wife was Cora S. High, and
he has four children.
RACEY: Lee Allen Racey was born near Moorefield,
W. Va., March 28, 1869, and is a son of Morgan and
Rebecca Racey. He was ordained in 1903, and has been
an itinerant 23 years. He has served Prince William, Elk
Garden, Franklin, Toms brook, South Branch, Pleasant
Valley, Winchester, Bayard, Great Cacapon, and Inwood.
He relates that he was reared in a Christian home, and
does not remember the time when he did not consider him-
self a member of the church.
RAU: William Samuel Rau, son of John V. and Sarah
E. Rau, was born August 19, 1858, at Edinburg, Va., was
converted in 1876, licensed in 1900, ordained in 1908, and
has been an itinerant 20 years. He has served Albemarle,
Rockbridge, Elk Garden, Bayard, Augusta, Elkton, Lacey
Spring, and Shenandoah. He has built several parsonages
and remodeled still more.
REXRODE: George W. Rexrode was born in Pendle-
ton county. West Virginia, January 4, 1821, and died near
Port Republic, Virginia, March 25, 1898. He joined the
Virginia Conference in 1858, and was a member of it forty
years, generally occupying a local relation, and preaching
CHURCH HISTORY 179
mostly in his native county. He supported his large family
by following the trade of shoemaker. He was a consistent
Christian and exerted a good influence. In Bible doctrines
he was well informed and he was powerful in prayer.
RICHARDSON: Harvey Eugene Richardson was born
at Buckeystown, Md., June 22, 1865, and is a son of James
A. and Margaret E. Richardson. He was converted when
twenty-one, licensed in 1891, ordained in 1898, and has been
an itinerant since 1893. His charges in the Virginia Con-
ference are Berkeley Springs, Great Cacapon, Rockbridge,
West Frederick, Bayard, and Winchester. Mr. Richard-
son has served several charges in Maryland and Iowa. He
had to begin making his way at the age of twelve, and his
has been largely a self-education. He has made quite a
name as a pulpit orator.
RIDENOUR: Jacob R. Ridenour was born near Myers-
ville, Maryland, in 1849. He was the first student to enter
Lebanon Valley College from south of Mason and Dixon's
line, and he pursued the scientific course to the senior year.
He was licensed in 1874, and joined conference the next
year. In 17 years of pastoral work he served New Creek,
South Branch, Hagerstown, Winchester, Berkeley Springs,
Keedysville, Martinsburg, and Dayton, and was two years
presiding elder of the Winchester district. In 1893 he took
a superannuate relation because of failing health.
RODERICK: Lewis Roderick was a Dunkard preacher
who came to what is now Grant county. West Virginia,
from Frederick county, Maryland. This was about the
close of the Revolution, and he was accompanied by his
brother-in-law, Nicholas Leatherman. He moved on to
Coshocton county, Ohio, and died there at the age of ninety-
six. His son Peter came back to visit his uncle, married
in 1816, and remained. Jacob M., son of Peter, was born
in 1817 on a farm near Burlington, West Virginia. When
eighteen years old he began teaching in the winter season,
still working on the farm in the summer. He was con-
verted in 1843, under the preaching of John Ruebush, and
180 UNITED BRETHREN
was ordained in 1861. Alleghany mission had just been
formed to favor some thirty or more members who had
moved into Garrett county, Maryland, mostly from Somer-
set county, Pennsylvania. Benjamin Stickley was given
$50 in missionary money and sent to travel it six months.
Mr. Roderick then took charge, finding fifteen appointments
and 210 miles to travel each month. He added two appoint-
ments. His salary was $52 for the first six months, $500
for the fourth year, by which time there were 400 mem-
bers. He then served Alleghany, Bath, New Creek, and
Bloomery circuits. Though not a born orator, he was a
revivalist of some note, and several of his converts became
ministers. It was a maxim with him that “the fear of
hell never helped anyone very far on the road to the King-
dom.” He had a fine education and was an authority on
ancient and biblical history. When asked by Bishop Hott
to be examined at Union Biblical Institute for the degree
of Doctor of Divinity, he replied that he could do more for
the Master as Uncle Jake than as Dr. Roderick. In 1861 he
was secretary of a mass meeting that was instrumental in
placing the boundary of West Virginia east of the
Alleghenies. This action cost the chairman and one other
member their lives, but Mr. Roderick was never molested.
ROUDABUSH: George J. Roudabush was born at
Seville, Virginia, December 1, 1846, and died December
17, 1916. He was converted at Shady Grove, Rockingham
county, in 1866, and was licensed in 1868. Despite the
limited educational advantages of his early years, he read
many books and was considered a minister of splendid
ability. He traveled East Virginia mission, Elkton, Lacey
Springs, Augusta, Dayton, Mechanicstown, and Boonsboro,
built three churches and two parsonages, and received
about 500 members into the church. For several years he
was presiding elder of the Maryland Conference.
RUEBUSH: John Ruebush was born in Augusta
county, Virginia, in 1816, was converted in 1834, and in
the year licensed by a quarterly conference. He joined
the Virginia Conference in 1841, and in 1844 traveled in
CHURCH HISTORY 181
the section of the state beyond the Alleghenies, opening up
new work. In 1850 he became a presiding elder, the boun-
dary line of his mountain district being pressed westward.
Mr. Ruebush was a born leader, fearless, energetic, and
enterprising, and of broad vision. While not a profound
thinker, he loved and apprehended the truth of the Bible
and the ways of God. He knew the lessons of love, faith,
and obedience, and preached and enforced them with
power. When in 1856 the Virginia Conference decided to
open a mission in East Tennessee, Mr. Ruebush was chosen
to lead the enterprise. In his first report he says: "I have
found thirteen members scattered over a large territory.
My congregations are very large and attentive. I have my
work arranged in the form of a three weeks' mission cir-
cuit. Last Sabbath I preached in the woods to a large con-
gregation; in the afternoon at a Methodist church, but the
people could not all get in the house." He soon announced
that he had more calls than three men could fill. His
preaching was mainly in the counties of Washington,
Greene, and Johnson. His success closed the doors of other
churches to him. He was advised to leave the state on
pain of personal violence, and though subjected to much
annoyance because of the anti-slavery record of his church
he remained in his field until the war of 1861 had broken
out. He then said that "as soon as the war is over there
will be a ripe harvest for the United Brethren Church in
East Tennessee." He did go back after the return of peace,
and in November, 1866, the Tennessee Conference was.
organized by Bishop Glossbrenner. Mr. Ruebush and two
other ministers were present. There were only 200 mem-
bers, but in 1908 there were 5000 in Tennessee, Georgia,
and Louisiana. In 1860, Mr. Ruebush returned to Virginia,
served Lacey Spring and Edinburg, and in 1874 he was
made a presiding elder. He was afterward on the Boons-
boro and Myersville circuits, but after being transferred
to the Hagerstown circuit, he died at Leitersburg, Mary-
land, in 1881. He was strong as a revivalist, and few
ministers had so much power over an audience.
182 UNITED BRETHREN
RUPPENTHAL: Harry Preston Ruppenthal, son of
Henry M. and Ida C. Ruppenthal, was born at Berkeley
Springs, April 27, 1893. His education was completed at
Lebanon Valley College. He was converted in 1905, licensed
in 1920, and his one charge thus far is Shenandoah City.
During the recent war he was in radio wireless service at
Richmond, Va.
SALT: Michael A. Salt was born in Powroun, England
in 1841. While yet a boy he became a sailor and during
his nine years on the sea had many thrilling experiences.
He was converted at 18 and united with the Wesleyans.
He had an impression that he should preach, and once
dreamed that he was preaching in a strange land. The
dream was fulfilled 21 years later at a camp meeting in
Augusta county. In 1871 he came to America and in 1880
joined the Virginia Conference.
SAMPSELL: William Hamilton Sampsell was born in
Stephens City, Va., January 13, 1850. He is a son of
Nicholas and Margaret A. Sampsell. He was licensed in
1879, ordained in 1885, and has been an itinerant 41 years.
He has served Franklin, Elkton, South Branch, New Creek,
Cross Keys, Frederick, Churchville, Edinburg, Berkeley
Springs, Toms brook, Jones Springs, Pleasant Valley,
Elkton, Lacey Spring, Winchester, West Frederick.
SCOTT: Snowden Scott was born in Loudoun county,
Virginia, December 3, 1821, and died at Seymoursville,
West Virginia, May 2, 1901. He was converted at the age
of fourteen years, and was transferred to Mount Hebron,
Grant county. West Virginia, seven years later. His
relation to the conference was that of local minister. Be-
cause others could not afford to work there, he built a
church at Mount Olivet, Hardy county, and preached in it
regularly many years. Possessing good judgment and
strong convictions, Mr. Scott was an invaluable counselor
to the young minister. In his hospitable home the pastor
always received a royal welcome. One of his daughters
CHURCH HISTORY 183
is the wife of the Rev. A. J. Secrist. His wife was Eliza-
beth, daughter of the Rev. Adam I. Bovey.
SCOTT: John D. Scott was born in Floyd county, Vir-
ginia, February 29, 1829, and died at Roanoke, Virginia,
December 28, 1907. He was converted in early life, and
received his first license to preach from the Methodist
Episcopal Church, South. In 1874 he united with the
Methodist Episcopal Church and was ordained in 1879.
In 1890 he established his home in Roanoke, and in 1905
was received into the United Brethren conference as an
ordained elder. He was active and useful as a local
preacher, assisting the pastors in their work and often
having preaching places of his own. His breadwinning
profession was that of physician and dentist, in which he
was very skillful. He administered to the poor, regardless
of the matter of compensation. He was consistent in his
life and diligent and earnest in the performance of all
duties.
SECRIST: Arthur Jacob Secrist, son of Thomas J. and
Frances V. (Hawk) Secrist, was born February 13, 1872
in Grant county, W. Va. His education has been that of the
free schools and the Shenandoah Collegiate Institute. He
was converted in 1891, licensed in 1893, and ordained in
1890. Mr. Secrist has been in the ministry 28 years, and
has served the charges now known as Hardy, Elkton,
Churchville, Pleasant Valley, New Creek, Inwood, Cumber-
land, and Dayton. He built churches at Cumberland and
Pleasant Grove, and a parsonage at Cumberland. Previous
to entering the ministry, he taught five years in Grant
county. He was married in 1895 to Leona C. Scott and has
two living children.
SENSENY: Dr. Peter Senseny came from York, in
Pennsylvania. He was walking in a field in his riding
costume, while Bishop Boehm was preaching, and heard
these words, which were suggested by his presence: "Some
sinners are going to hell with boots and spurs on." He
was converted and became a preacher. He died in 1801.
184 UNITED BRETHREN
SHUEY: George A. Shuey was born near Churchville,
Virginia, June 7, 1815, was educated in a classical academy
at Staunton, and was married to Martha Goldsmith, whom
he met in a camp meeting in Franklin county, Pennsylvania.
He had six children, of whom Theodore F. was chief steno-
grapher in the Senate of the United States. John Ludwig
Shuey, grandfather of George, was born in Bethel town-
ship, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and came to Middle
River, 1795. Like his ancestors, who came from the Pala-
tinate, he was of the Reformed Church. Of his nine chil-
dren, John, born 1787, married Catharine Funkhouser and
moved to New Goshen, Indiana. Christian, born 1792, died
1802, married Catharine, a niece to George A. Geeting.
One of his four children was the Rev. George A., mentioned
above. Another was Maria, wife of Bishop Glossbrenner.
For several years Mr. Shuey was an efficient itinerant, but
at length chose to become a local preacher. As a counselor
he was prudent and safe, and was often in official position
in his church. His home near Churchville was one of
extended hospitality.
SKELTON: Silas D. Skelton was born at Mount Craw-
ford, Virginia, in 1860, and was converted when thirteen.
After teaching seven years, he joined conference in 1885,
and in 14 years built two churches and took 728 persons
into the church. In 1914 he was granted a local relation and
lived in Dayton and now is serving Manassas charge. He
was married to Maggie C. Heatwole in 1882. In 1907 he
attended the 5th World's Sunday School Convention, which
met in Rome, Italy, and finished up the trip by a tour
through Central and Northern Europe.
SMITH: William Henry Smith, son of H. W. H. and
Flora V. (Rockwell) Smith, was born at Great Cacapon,
September 5, 1886. He studied at the Shenandoah Col-
legiate Institute, was converted in 1912, and licensed in
1914. His charges have been West Frederick, Dayton, and
Singer's Glen.
SNYDER: Josiah ¥. Snyder was born at Keedysville,
Maryland in 1866, and licensed in 1888. His first pastorates
CHURCH HISTORY 185
were Lost River, Bloomery, Augusta, Berkeley, Martins-
burg, Edinburg, and South Branch.
STATTON: Isaac K. Statton was born in Hampshire
county, Virginia, December 25, 1830. He was a son of
Jacob, who in 1812 married Margaret C. Highof. Their
children were James H., John F., Nancy J., George W.,
N. Green, Amelia, Isaac K., David E., Margaret C., Mary
C., and Elizabeth. Isaac K. grew up as free as the fowls
of the air or the deer of the forest. He worked on the
farm, and at times with his father and an older brother
at carpentering, this making him a fairly good mechanic.
His educational opportunities were limited, yet his brother
John finished an academic course without a teacher and
with only a final examination. I. K. entered the Virginia
Conference in 1850 and was ordained in 1853. He was
first placed on the Hagerstown circuit as junior. Next year
he was on the Winchester circuit. Sixteen appointments
were filled every five weeks by each preacher, and though
the work was hard, there was the beginning of a useful life.
Mr. Statton then served Mason, Buckhannon, Churchville,
and Meyersville. He was next appointed a missionary to
Kansas and solicited donations to build a church in that
new country. The appointment was reconsidered because
of political excitement and border warfare. For the rest
of the period before the civil war his fields were Frederick
and Hagerstown. 1858 was a banner year on the Frederick
circuit, there being 150 conversions and over 100 acces-
sions. Late in March, 1861, he took a train for Le Harp,
Illinois, and in July bought forty acres at St. John, Missouri,
intending to retire from the ministry. Before reaching
their destination the family ran upon small squads, both
of Confederates and Unionists, and were compelled to turn
back, leaving much of their effects in the road. After sun-
dry discomforts and some experiences with bills emanating
from broken banks, they got back to Le Harp, their per-
sonal effects now reduced to one trunk and one small box.
Joseph Watson, an old friend, sent him an invitation to
take Pine Creek circuit. Rock River Conference. Mr. Stat-
186 UNITED BRETHREN
ton accepted at once, but the elder had given the place to
another man. He then worked in the harvest field, and
three months as a supply for a minister smitten with sore
eyes. For the latter service he received five dollars in
money, one ham, a few potatoes, and one sack of flour. At
the conference Bishop Markwood replenished his empty
purse, and had him put on Princeton station, where there
were nine members and a debt of $1,000. But he had a
good year and the largest salary he had yet enjoyed — $400.
He remained in the West, preaching in Illinois, Iowa, and
California. In a ministry of almost fifty years, he had
preached over 6000 times, married 815 couples, and con-
ducted 1,027 funerals, some of suicides, and some of men
killed in battle. He built five churches and five parsonages.
He had moved twenty-three times, was two times in Gen-
eral Conference, and entertained that body once — at Lis-
bon, Iowa. Mr. Station remarks in his letter that if all the
people to whom he had preached were "gathered in one
congregation, he would certainly be overwhelmed with
awful thoughts of his responsibility."
STOVER: George Washington Stover, son of Joshua
H. and Frances. M. Stover, was born near Mount Pisgah
Church, Augusta county, Va., June 5, 1862. He studied
two years at the Augusta Military Academy, was converted
in 1892, licensed in 1893, ordained in 1896, and has been
an itinerant since 1896, serving Prince William, Jones
Springs, Staunton, and Winchester. Mr. Stover studied
medicine and passed an examination in 1893.
TABB: Theodore Turner Tabb was born near Hedgesville,
West Virginia, and was drowned June 17, 1909, while bath-
ing at a seabeach in Japan. He was converted at the age
of fourteen, and was graduated from the Shenandoah Col-
legiate Institute in 1901. He then began to preach, having
been licensed 1899. In 1907 he was graduated from Van-
derbilt University. While studying here he felt it his duty
to labor in Japan, and volunteered for that field a few
weeks after his graduation, sailing for Yokohama in July
CHURCH HISTORY 187
of the same year. He was installed as teacher of English
in Hagi, a city of 20,000 on the north coast of the principal
island. He taught here two years meanwhile conducting
Bible classes among the students. His only white acquaint-
ance in the city was an old French Catholic priest who be-
came greatly attached to him. About one month before
his untimely death he accepted the principalship of a large
school in Korea. By the Japanese he was held in high
esteem, and the impression he made on them was excellent.
TALLHELM: Henry Tallhelm died May 30, 1902 at
the age of seventy-eight. He joined the Virginia Confer-
ence in 1851, and a year later was appointed to Berkeley
Springs circuit. His next charges were Woodstock, Lacey
Springs, Rockingham, Pleasant Grove, Frederick circuit,
Tuscarora, East Virginia. In 1871 he was granted at his
own request an honorable dismissal from the church and
conference. He then entered the ministry of the Reformed
Church, but in 1900 he returned to the denomination of
his first choice, spending his last years at Edinburg, Vir-
ginia. In 1859 he was married to Marry E. Koontz. Mr.
Tallhelm was good, humble, peaceable, and faithful.
THOMAS: P. H. Thomas was born in Frederick county,
Maryland, February 25, 1810, and died near Jones' Springs,
W. Va., February 13, 1889. Between 1867 and 1877, he
served successively, Winchester, Martinsburg, Singers Glen.
Back Creek, and Opequon. Being subsequently in feeble
health, he took a local relation.
UMSTOT: Zimri Umstot was a native of what is now
Mineral county. He was converted when about twenty
years old, and received quarterly conference license in
June, 1863. He was kind and persuasive, a good man and
fine preacher. He was of fine judgment and firm in his
opinions. Mr. Umstot died August 26, 1883 at the age of
forty-three.
UNDERWOOD: I. M. Underwood was born in Tyler
county, West Virginia, in 1851, converted in 1867, and in
188 UNITED BRETHREN
the same year licensed. He entered the Parkersburg Con-
ference in 1870 and three years later was transferred to
this conference. Mr. Underwood made himself a record
as a firm prohibitionist, and as a congressional candidate
of the Prohibition party in 1890 received a majority of the
votes in the town where he was living.
WALTERS: J. William Walters was born at Luray,
Virginia, August 18, 1812, and died in his native county,
July 12, 1910. He was converted late in life, but soon was
given a quarterly conference license, and sometimes had
charge of a circuit. He was a fluent speaker, but was
guarded in his social conversation. Also, he was a tireless
worker and built two churches, one in Page comity and
one in Warren. In 189,' he joined the Virginia Conference
and was ordained before completing his course of reading.
But though old and feeble, he kept his promise and at the
last conference he attended he presented his papers on
the fourth year's course of study.
WALTON: Arthur P. Walton was born near Mount
Solon, Virginia, in 1876, and converted at the age of six-
teen. He was licensed in 1896 and in the next three years
had built three churches.
WELLER: P. W. Weller was eight years a member of
this conference, and was held in great esteem by its other
members. He was a young man of earnest and faithful
piety and high ideals. His elevated purpose led him to
enter Lebanon Valley College, and then to continue his
studies in Westfield College in Illinois, where he supported
himself by teaching music. He died a member of the
senior class in the spring of 1880. The Virginia Conference
made an appropriation to place a tombstone over his grave.
WIDMEYER: Joseph E. Widmeyer was born July 21,
185t), and died May 8, 1881. He was converted at the age
of fifteen and became a member of this conference in 1876.
His fields were Alleghany, Highland, and South Branch
circuits, and Westernport and Martinsburg stations. His
CHURCH HISTORY 189
last year was the most successful. In 1879 he was married
to Miss Belle Howe.
WILT: William Abraham Wilt was born in Snyder
county, Penn., September 1, 1888, his parents being John
D. and Susan (Birkhart) Wilt. He completed his educa-
tion at Susquehanna University and Bonebrake Theological
Seminary, graduating from the latter in 1915. He was con-
verted in 1901, licensed in 1912, ordained in 1915, and has
been four years an itinerant, serving Harrisonburg and
Keyser.
WINE: Samuel K. Wine was born in west Rockingham
in 1852, and died at Fayettesville, Penn., January 21, 1911.
In 1875 he graduated from Lebanon Valley College, but
studied also at Otterbein and Princeton universities. Among
his charges in this conference were Ottobine, Mount Clin-
ton, Dayton, Harrisonburg, Strasburg, and Winchester.
After removing to Pennsylvania he served several charges
there. Mr. Wine married Miss Lizzie Keys, of New Erec-
tion and had three children.
YOUNG: Robert Newton Young was born at Wolver-
hampton, England, August 18, 1885, and was educated
in Scotland. He was licensed in 1912 and ordained in 1921.
His charges have been South Branch, Bayard, Edinburg,
Reliance, and Churchville. The wife of Mr. Young is a
native of Scotland. Their three living children were born
in the United States.
ZAHN: John Zahn was a member of the General Con-
ference of 1829, and was present in the Virginia Confer-
ence when the whole Church in the East was embraced
in the Hagerstown Conference. He preached at the funeral
of Bishop Newcomer. When the church in the East was
all in one conference he was one of its most promising
ministers. At the time of his death — April 11. 1861 – he
was one of the oldest preachers in the church.
ZEHRUNG: Samuel Zehrung, born May 9, 1812, died
June 6, 1849, was buried in the Funkhouser burying ground
on Mill Creek near Mount Jackson.
190
CHAPTER
XXI
EARLY
DEATHS AMONG MINISTERS
The proverb that death loves a shining mark seems
applicable to the early deaths of those of our number whose
light began to shine in early life.
Peter
Whitesel, whose father's house
in Rockingham
vas one of the first preaching places of the German evange-
lists, became a companion of the early ministers, married
a daughter of Bishop Brown of Pennsylvania, and after
seven years of service laid down his life. His father gave
the land for Whitesel’s church, the first house of worship
built by the United Brethren in Virginia.
John
Gibbons, a young, bashful boy,
embraced religion
at a camp meeting on the land of Peter Ruebush, near his
home in Augusta, and immediately responded to the call
to preach. This was in opposition to the wish of the family,
who were not of the church he joined. Young Gibbons
could preach from the start, and a most promising career
appear to lie before him. Yet after only three years of
ministerial service he died at Burlington, W. Va. Almost
fifty years later the Conference placed a monument over
his grave at the old stone church.
In the same year — 1847 — Richard
Nihiser died a most
triumphant death at Chewsville, Maryland. We was reared
and converted near Mount Hebron, Shenandoah county.
He was great in prayer and song, pious and studious. His
body was interred in the churchyard at St. Paul's, Hagers-
town, Maryland, but was removed to help make room for
the new church now covering the spot.
Jacob A. Bovey, a West Virginian, fell a victim to
typhoid fever, and was buried at Edinburg, Virginia, in
November, 1859. His dying message was, "Say to my
brethren I die in the faith I have preached."
CHURCH HISTORY 191
Samuel
Evers died in June, 1861,
just as the war-clouds
were gathering. He was undertaking an important work
as teacher, and it had been only two years since joining
conference. His health had been undermined in his efforts
to secure a college education. He was buried in the ceme-
tery of the Union Presbyterian church at Cross Keys.
Under privations and with much toil, P. W. Weller was
preparing for a career full of promise. Yet within a few
weeks from the time when he was to receive a diploma
from the college at Westfield, he was called to his long
home.
Dorsey
Freed, son of the Rev. John
P. Freed of Vir-
ginia and Maryland, spent several years in college, only Jo
leave his first charge and die at his father's home in 1876.
Charles M.
Hott, the brightest of a
bright family, an
eloquent preacher and charming singer, a young man of
splendid ability and great character, served but one pas-
torate. He was then called to become a college preacher
in California, but after a few months was called home,
leaving a wife and two children.
James E.
Whitesel, son of Simon Whitesel,
and born
in 1851, was a most conscientious and loyal Christian. He
began a university course while yet in his teens, and after
good work on several charges was sent to Churchville,
where he built a church that was the best in the conference
at the time. But overworking himself, his promising career
was cut short at the age of twenty-seven by typhoid fever.
His body rests at Whitesel's chapel. He left a noble wife
and three little children.
At the same place and in the same house, almost exactly
twelve years later, died William
O. Ewing, a victim to the
same scourge. He also left three little children. His most
estimable wife was a daughter of David Hott.
J. E.
Widmeyer, after being six years
a member of the
conference, fell asleep at Newtown, Virginia, and is buried
192 UNITED BRETHREN
at Winchester. Never strong, he could not resist the
insidious attack of disease following a winter of earnest
revival work. His wife, a daughter of the Rev. John W.
Howe, and two little children were sorely bereft.
Kingsley
Funk, son of R. W. Funk, of
Singers Glen, was
one of our brightest prospects for the ministry in later
years. But while still in school he fell a victim to influenza
and died a triumphant death in 1918.
In contemplating these short careers one instinctively
asks the question: Why these untimely deaths? Although
the veil cannot he pierced to learn the answer, the labors of
these men were not without result. "Their works do fol-
low them."
193
CHAPTER
XXII
CHURCH
DEDICATIONS
Note: "Built by" refers to the minister in whose pas-
torate the church was built. "Built through" refers to
the
person or persons mainly instrumental in effecting the
work.
Alpine, Berkeley Springs circuit: built by C. D. Bennett;
dedicated August 6, 1905, by A. S. Hammack; cost, $550.
Antioch, on New Creek circuit; built by J. H. Brunk,
1899, dedicated by Bishop Weaver; cost, $1,000; a school-
house previously used forty years.
Bayard: built by W. S. Rau; dedicated by H. H. Fout,
November 19, 1906; cost, $2,100.
Belmont: dedicated 1884, by A. P. Funkhouser; cost,
$1,000.
Berkeley Springs station; frame; built by G. W. Howe,
1869; dedicated 1870 by Bishop Weaver; cost, $1,000;
second church Concrete block) built by Geo, P. Hott; dedi-
cated June, 30, 1907, by Bishop J. S. Mills; cost, $678.84;
parsonage Concrete block) built 1903 by E. E. Neff; cost,
$4,200.
Bethel, on Toms Brook circuit; built by Henry Jones;
cost, $800.
Bethel, on Lacey Spring circuit; built by J. M. Eavy;
built through A. C. Long and Betty Flook; dedicated by
J W. Howe about 1889; cost $1,000; preaching for many
years previously in the old school Lutheran near by.
Bethlehem; brick; built through the Shueys; dedicated
by Bishop Glossbrenner, cost, $1,300; one of the first
preaching points in the valley; at this place during the
Annual Conference in 1852 Bishop Glossbrenner took the
first missionary offering ever taken in the denomination.
Bishop Erb presiding; second church built by G. A. Mc-
Guire; dedicated by A. S. Hammack September 21st, 1918;
cost, $7,320.
194 UNITED BRETHREN
Big Pool: built by M. D. Mayselles; built through N. E.
Funkhouser; dedicated August, 1911, by A. S. Hammack;
cost, $1,500.
Blairton: built by J. H. Ford; dedicated April 14, 1918,
by Bishop W. M. Bell; cost, $12,000.
Bluff Dale, Albemarle circuit; dedicated by J. W. Howe.
Bridgewater: originally the private property of
Hoover, with entrance at rear; after Hoover was drowned,
bought from executors about 1858 with money raised by
J. Markwood and wife; never much congregation; sold by
quarterly conference and Act of Assembly through J. W.
Howe; of proceeds, 40 per cent given to Augusta circuit
parsonage at Spring Hill, 60 per cent to district parsonage
at Dayton, the first and only presiding elder parsonage;
cost, $500.
Broadway: built by C. D. Helbert; dedicated by Bishop
Dickson, 1891; cost, $1,500.
Buckhall, Prince William circuit: built by A. V. Van-
dersmith; dedicated by A. S. Hammack, February 18th,
1905; cost, about $1,000.
Buck Hill, Jones Spring circuit: built by J. G. Ketchem;
dedicated July, 1911, by W. F. Gruver; cost, $600.
Cabin Run, West Frederick circuit: weatherboarded and
plastered; built probably by B. Stickley; improved by W. J.
Miller about 1875; cost, $600.
Cedar Grove: dedicated by J. D. Donovan, about 1888;
cost, $500.
Cherry Grove: built by W. F. Gruver and J. D. Dono-
van; dedicated about 1890 by J. N. Fries; cost, $600.
Cherry Run: built by D. G. Brimlow, 1914; dedicated
November 1st, by A. S. Hammack.
Churchville: built by J. E. Whitesel, 1878; dedicated by
Z. Warner; cost, $3,500; old church built in partnership
with the Methodists.
Clay Hill, Rockbridge circuit: built, 1856; dedicated by
Bishop Glossbrenner; cost, $600.
Claysville, New Creek circuit: built by William Fout,
about 1850-55.
CHURCH HISTORY 195
Colvinstown, Edinburg circuit: built by J. D. Freed,
1872; dedicated by Bishop Weaver; cost, $1,500.
Crabbottom, Pendleton circuit: dedicated 1902, by
A. P. Funkhouser.
Cumberland: built by A. J. Secrist; dedicated December
20th, 1908, by W. F. Gruver; cost, $6,604.81.
Dayton: dedicated June, 1878 by Bishops Glossbrenner
and Hott; cost, $2,500; built by A. P. Funkhouser; burnt
down 1904; second (brick) dedicated 1904, by Bishop W.
M. Weekley; cost, $6,100; addition dedicated by Bishop
W. M. Bell April 14th, 1918; cost, $5,000.
East Point: dedicated about 1895 by J. W. Hicks; cost,
$1,000; preaching in free church near by for at least forty
years; Noah Shuler (?) a member of first congregation.
Edinburg: built 1850; cost, $500.
Fountain: built by C. P. Dyche; dedicated May 6th,
1906, by George P. Hott; cost, $1,495.
Fern Hill, Swift Run circuit: built by Carl W. Hiser
and E. E. Miller, 1919; cost, $1,350.
Fairview, at Laymansville: built by J. F. Snyder, 1900;
dedicated by H. H. Fout; frame; cost, $1,200; seating
capacity, 300.
Fairview: built, 1869 by P. H. Thomas, dedicated by
Bishop Glossbrenner; cost, $1,000; class now disbanded.
Fairview: built by W. L. Childress, 1896; dedicated by
A. P. Funkhouser.
Friendship: first church built 1867 by J. W. Howe (?),
cost, $800; second by C. H. Crowell about 1890; cost, $1,000.
Friendship, Inwood circuit: built by W. J. Lower, 1868;
cost, $1,000.
Greensburg: first church (brick) built about 1878 by
J. W. Kiracofe, cost, $1,500; second, built 1889 by W. F.
Gruver; dedicated by J. D. Donovan; cost, $2,500; pre-
vious preaching in a log church burned during the war;
brick parsonage built by J. W. Howe, 1874, at cost of $1,500.
Greenway: built by S. K. Wine, 1899; dedicated by Dr.
Carter; cost, $1,200.
196 UNITED BRETHREN
Grove Hill: dedicated by J. W. Howe about 1867; new
church dedicated 1894; cost, $1,000.
Harrisonburg: first church built 1896-97; second church
(stone) built 1917-18; dedicated June 1st, 1918, by Bishop
W. M. Weekley; cost, $93,000; construction manager, E. C.
Wine; building, committee, F. W. Liskey, J. R. Liskey,
D. H. Liskey, W. I. Good, and J. K. Pifer; parsonage built
1911; cost, $3,600.
Herwin Chapel: built near Linville by G. B. Fadeley;
dedicated by W. L. Childress, 1899; cost, $800.
Hazlewood, on Prince William circuit: bouiht 1895
from Presbyterians for $120.
Hishman, Hardy circuit: built by G. A. McGuire, and
T. J. Coffman; dedicated August 18th, 1917, by A. S. Ham-
mack; cost, $1,300.
Inwood: built by P. B. S. Busey, 1895; dedicated by
Bishop Kephart; cost, $1,500; parsonage built by Busey,
1897, at cost of $1,000; practically rebuilt 1915.
Jenkins Chapel, Hardy circuit: struck by lightning and
burned to the ground 1918; no insurance; restoration be-
gun by T. J. Coffman; built by B. F. Spitzer; dedicated by
W. G. Clegg 1920; cost, $1,500.
Johnsontown, W. Va., Christian church bought and re-
modeled under leadership of I. Summers; dedicated June
25th, 1916.
Keezletown: built about 1850 on land given by Amos
Keezle; second church by S. L. Baugher; dedicated by A. S.
Hammack, November 25, 1917; cost, $1,100.
Keplinger Chapel in Brock's Gap: log, built through
George Keplinger; dedicated by Bishop Markwood about
1858; cost, $500.
Kessell, South Branch circuit: built by J. W. Wright,
1917; dedicated by A. S. Hammack; cost, $2,300.
Keyser: first church (frame) dedicated August 7th,
1904, by Bishop W. M. Weekley; cost, $5,350; built by S.
R. Ludwig; second church corner stone laid September 4th,
1921; to be built of white vitrified brick; to cost $60,000;
W. A. Wilt, pastor.
CHURCH HISTORY 197
Lacey Spring: built through A. C. Long; dedicated
about 1877; cost, about $3,800.
Martinsburg mission station begun 1867, worshiping in
Ridenour's stone house till a church was completed the
same year, and with Smoketown, Greensburg, and Friend-
ship as outside appointments; the old church followed by
a new; pastors— W. J. Lower (1867-70), J. W. Howe
(1871-5), A. M. Evers (1875-6), J. K. Nelson (1878-80), J.
E. Weidmeyer (1880), J. M. Underwood (1881), J. D.
Donovan (1882), M. F. Keiter (1883), M. L. Mayselles
(1884), J. R. Ridenour (1885-9), J. B. Chamberlain 1891-
95), O. W. Burtner (1895), J. F. Snyder (1896), W. F.
Gruver. New church dedicated October 8, 1912 by Bishop
T. C. Carter; built by W. F. Gruver; cost, $21,000.
Manassas: church and parsonage bought of the Metho-
dists through efforts of L. C. Messick, 1917.
Midland in Prince William county: built by G. W.
Stover; dedicated by A. P. Funkhouser about 1893; cost.
$1,000.
Mount Bethel, Augusta circuit: built by G. W. Rexrode
1890; dedicated by A. P. Funkhouser; cost, $1,000.
Mount Carmel: built by J. W. Hicks in second year of
his pastorate; cost, $800.
Mount Carmel: built 1873 by James Whitesel, dedicated
by Bishop Edwards; brick; cost, $2,000; seating capacity,
350.
Mount Carmel in Brock's Gap: built by M. F. Keiter;
dedicated about 1877 by J. K. Nelson; cost, $300.
Mount Clinton: built by J. W. Howe; dedicated by
Bishop Hott, October, 1880; cost, $1,300.
Mount Hebron, Toms Brook circuit: built by J. Rue-
bush about 1846; dedicated by Bishop Glossbrenner; cost.
$1,000; preaching for many years in Blind's log school-
house near the church, on the land of Jacob Funkhouser.
father of G. W. Statton's first wife; third church built 1897,
by L. W. Lutz, dedicated by J. D. Donovan — a frame build-
ing seating 250 and costing $650; remodeled by F. B. Chubb
1915; cost, $2,250.
198 UNITED BRETHREN
Mount Hebron, West Frederick circuit: built by George
McGuire; dedicated by A. S. Hammack, July, 1911; cost,
$700.
Mount Hermon, Edinburg circuit: built by J. W. Hicks;
cost, $800.
Mount Horeb: built through M. G. Jones; dedicated by
Bishop Edwards, 1878; cost, $1,500.
Mount Olive: built 1885 by Snowden Scott, dedicated
by J. W. Hicks; frame; cost, $1,000; seating capacity, 250.
Mount Olive: built 1869 (?) by J. K. Nelson; cost, $800;
preaching many years in Jenkins' schoolhouse.
Mount Pisgah, Augusta circuit: log church built by
Jacob C. Spitler about 1850; cost, $500; second by S. K.
Wine, 1881; cost, $1,200; dedicated by C. I. B. Brane.
Mount Pleasant station: built by H. Tallhelm about
1870; dedicated by Bishop Weaver; cost, $1,000.
Mount Pleasant, Berkeley Springs circuit: built 1870;
cost, $500.
Mount Pleasant, West Frederick circuit: built about
1857 by I. Baltzell; cost, $500.
Mount Solon, Toms Brook circuit: built by F. B. Chubb;
dedicated by A. S. Hammack, May 28th, 1916; cost, $1,250.
Mount Tabor: built before Lacey Spring.
Mount Tabor, Berkeley Springs circuit; re-dedicated by
A. S. Hammack, September Pith, 1909; S. D. Skelton,
pastor.
Mount View, Churchville circuit: dedicated August 4th,
1901; cost, $850.
Mount Vernon, at Shendun: log; built through _____
Spitler, 1828; second, dedicated by Bishop Glossbrenner,
1878; cost, $1,000.
Mount Zion, Elkton circuit: dedicated by J. W. Howe
about 1870; cost, $300; new church dedicated by C. I. B.
Brane, 1898; cost, $1,000.
Mount Zion: built by Levi Hess, 1855; dedicated by
Bishop Markwood; cost, $1,000.
Mount Zion, New Creek circuit: built by W. J. Miller
about 1875; dedicated by Bishop Weaver; cost $1,000.
CHURCH HISTORY 199
Mount Zion above Mount Solon: dedicated by J. Mark-
wood 1849, a great revival immediately following, con-
ducted by W. Knott and G. Huffman; cost, $800.
Mount Zion, Rockbridge circuit: dedicated by A. S.
Hammack June 1903; construction begun by W. S. Rau,
completed by brethren of the appointment, led by C. S.
Yago; cost, $1,000.
Naked Creek: built about 1875; dedicated by J. W.
Howe; cost, $500.
Otterbein: built about 1834 on land donated by David
Whitmore; Jacob Miller, carpenter.
Otterbein, Albemarle circuit: built 1875 (?); cost, $300.
Otterbein: first church built by W. J. Miller, 1870; cost
$600; second by W. H. Sampsell 1898: cost, $1,000.
Otterbein: Edinburg Circuit; old time church; first
building built about 1840; second church built by F. B.
Chubb; dedicated by Dr. J. A. Funkhouser, September 9th.
1914. Mr. O. Funkhouser gave the pipe organ; total value,
$6,000.
Petersburg, W. Va.: built by J. W. Stearn; dedicated
June 18th, 1917, by Bishop W. M. Weekley; G. H. Whitesel,
construction manager; cost, $9,750.
Pikeside, Inwood circuit: built by W. D. Mitchell, dedi-
cated August 10th, 1913.
Pleasant Grove: built 1838, and $300 raised the day of
dedication; logs hewn in the woods near by, those for the
south side being given by the father of Elijah Huffman,
those for the east by Jacob and Peter Whitesel, those for
the west by Abram Funkhouser, those for the north by
Jacob Pifer; each party gave six of the 24 benches; dedica-
tion by Reeser; pulpit at first on north side; Pifer a car-
penter and worked on the church; George Huffman and
William Knott had a great revival here; new church built
by A. J. Secrist; dedicated 1915 by A. S. Hammack; L. W.
Swank a leader in the work; cost, $2,400.
Pleasant Hill, Jones Spring Circuit: dedicated by Bishop
Weekley, August 1st, 1915; built by D. G. Brimlow; cost,
$1,200.
200 UNITED BRETHREN
Pleasant Plain, Inwood circuit; built by J. R. Ridenour,
1885.
Pleasant Valley: first church built 1860; burned 1862;
second built by P. H. Thomas, 1868; dedicated by Bishop
Glossbrenner; cost, $1,000.
Prize Hill, Albemarle circuit: finished by W. S. Rau,
1806; dedicated by A. P. Funkhouser; cost $700.
Red Bud, Inwood Circuit: built 1882 by John M. Hott;
cost $1,000; reopened by J. W. Howe, 1806.
Reed's Creek, Franklin circuit: built by A. P. Walton
1808; cost, $500.
Ridings Chapel: built about 1888; cost, $1,000.
Riverton, W. Va.: built by J. W. Brill, 1900.
Ridgely: built 1916 through the instrumentality of the
Virginia C. E. Society; cost, $3,000. Tabernacle built by
H. E. Richardson and dedicated by A. S. Hammack.
Ridings Chapel. Frederick circuit: built by J. C. S.
Myers; dedicated September 6th, 1008 by A. S. Hammack;
cost, $1,802.
Roanoke: first church built by S. L. Rice, 1805; a second
church was built in N. W. Roanoke, and discontinued in
1906; a new church was re-located and built by C. H.
Crowell; dedicated September 20th, 1007, by Dr. Parrett;
cost, $15,372.
Salem, near Singers Glen: built during civil war and
dedicated by Bishop Glossbrenner; probably the only United
Brethren church built within the Confederacy; old Metho-
dist Episcopal church at Green Hill bought and moved
to Salem; built by J. W. Howe and W. J. Miller; cost, $500.
Salem, Elkton circuit: built by J. H. Brunk; dedicated
November 16th, 1902; cost, $800.
Salem, Inwood circuit; built 1870; reopened October
13th, 1907, by W. F. Gruver.
Shady Grove: dedicated by Bishop Weaver about 1870,
after payment had been hanging so long that Presiding
Folder Howe had the quarterly conference authorize a sale;
debt paid by new subscribers; cost, $1,000.
Shiloh: built by W. H. Clary about 1844; cost, $800;
second church built 1917 by F. B. Chubb; cost $1,400.
CHURCH HISTORY 201
Singers Glen: built jointly by United Brethren and Bap-
tists, the Baptist interest being afterward purchased; dedi-
cated about 1881; cost about $1,000; second church (brick),
Dona van Memorial, built by J. H. Brunk; dedicated May
27, 1906 by E. U. Hoenshell; cost, $5,650.
Sir John's Run: built by W. L. Childress 1897; cost,
$1,000.
South Mill Creek, Franklin circuit: built by A. P.
Walton, 1899; cost, $550.
Smith's Creek, Franklin circuit: built by A. P. Walton,
1899; cost, $800.
St. John's, Franklin circuit: built by J. W. Stearn; dedi-
cated by A. S. Hammack, 1906.
Staunton: First church sold to Church of the Breth-
ren; second bought of the Baptists, 1904; cost, $4,000; re-
modeled 1905; valued at $16,000.
Stokesville, Churchville circuit; built 1905; cost, $600;
dedicated by A. S. Hammack.
Swift Run; dedicated 1870; log; cost, $300; second by
J. W. Brill; built about 1900.
Sharon, at Reliance: first church built by P. H. Thomas
1869 at cost of $700, dedicated by J. W. Howe; second, by
J. E. Hott, 1887; cost $1,000; first preceded by partnership
church.
Shenandoah City: dedicated 1896; cost, $1,500.
Spring Hill, Augusta circuit: built through William Pat-
terson, about 1828; cost, $1,000.
Sunrise: built 1885; cost, $1,000.
Tabor: built 1854; cost, $600.
Thompson (?): built by W. J. Miller; dedicated about
1875; log; cost, $300.
Toms Brook: built by M. F. Keiter about 1875; cost,
$1,500; parsonage built by R. Byrd about 1891; cost $1,000.
Tye River, Augusta circuit: built by A. Hoover, dedi-
cated by J. W. Howe, 1870; log; cost, $300.
Union Chapel: built through D. W. Brenneman about
1885; cost, $1,000.
Union Chapel: built by W. R. Berry, 1888; dedicated
by J. W. Howe; cost, $1,000.
202 UNITED BRETHREN
Verona; dedicated by J. W. Howe 1890; cost, $800;
second church built by J. C. S. Myers and W. S. Rau; dedi-
cated by W. F. Gruver, May 31st, 1908; cost, $3,250.
Walker's Creek: built 1852; the Presbyterian half-
interest bought out.
Westernport: built by I. M. Underwood, about 1879-80.
Rebuilt.
Whitesel's: built about 1824; deed made some years
later by Peter Whitesel to George Whitesel, Simon White-
sel, and George Lutz; this log church rebuilt after a great
revival, the first meeting being led by C. W. Stinespring,
about 1874 at cost of $500; weatherboarded, new windows,
change of pulpit and benches; Daniel Sandy (?) one of the
principal movers in this; new church built about 1893 and
dedicated by Bishop Hott; cost, $1,000.
Winchester: built by G. W. Howe, 1872; dedicated by
Bishop Edwards; cost, $2,500; parsonage built by J. R.
Ridenour during his second year's pastorate; at cost of
$1,000.
Yocum, Franklin circuit: built by J. W. Stearn; dedi-
cated September 13th, 1914, by A. S. Hammack; cost,
$1,200.
203
CHAPTER
XXIII
SKETCH OF
ABRAM PAUL FUNKHOUSER
In our present sketch we find a life so varied and a
character so full of the desire to help humanity that no
mere statement of facts can convey properly the far-reach-
ing influence of his life. Imbued with an intense interest
in his fellow-men, he strove in every possible way to aid
in their moral and mental uplift. Into the brief outline
of his life which follows must he read the ambition of a
far-seeing man to be a worth-while citizen.
Abram Paul Funkhouser was born December 10. 1853
near Dayton, Virginia. His mother was Elizabeth Paul;
his father Samuel Funkhouser. In his youth he attended
private schools and afterwards was graduated from Otter-
bein University, where he received his Bachelor's degree.
Later he received the Master's degree from Lebanon College
and Doctor of Divinity from York College.
Immediately following his graduation, he founded Shen-
andoah Institute at Dayton, Virginia, and for several years
was president of this school. During four years he was
superintendent of public schools in Rockingham and
brought the educational interests of the county to a high
state of efficiency. Later he was president of Leander
Clark College of Iowa and of Lebanon Valley College at
Annville, Pennsylvania. For two years he acted as assist-
ance to President Forst of Berea College, Kentucky. Into
this work he entered with the greatest enthusiasm, fulfill-
ing as it did his own ideas in regard to vocational training.
At the time of his death he was financing a student at Berea.
By nature Dr. Funkhouser was deeply religious and at
an early age was converted and joined the United Brethren
church. Shortly thereafter he became a member of the
Virginia Conference. He was known as the “Boy Preacher"
at the age of sixteen when he delivered his first sermon
at Mt. Solon, Virginia in 1869. Subsequently he had charge
204 UNITED BRETHREN
of several circuits in the Virginia Conference, displaying
efficiency and executive ability. He then became presiding
elder of the South Branch District and was one of the most
conspicuous delegates in the General Conference. For
years he was a trustee of the United Brethren Publishing
Board. In 1897 he was chosen associate editor of the
"Religious Telescope."
The activities of Dr. Funkhouser found expression in
political and civic interests as well as in the spheres of
religion and education. In 1883 he moved to Harrisonburg,
Virginia, and began issuing 'The People," which name was
later changed to The State Republican." This journal was
one of the leading state papers of Virginia, taking for its
chief issues prohibition and clean politics. When the Read-
juster party arose, he began taking a prominent part in the
politics of his native state, allying himself with the Republi-
can party. In 1887 when General Mahone was candidate
for governor of Virginia he canvassed almost the entire
state in his behalf and also did a great deal of editorial
writing. In another campaign he made a race for a seat in
the state senate and though the odds were greatly against
him. he was defeated by fewer than ninety votes.
In 1896 Dr. Funkhouser originated the idea of a Con-
federate excursion to Canton, Ohio, the residence of Wil-
liam McKinley, then the Republican nominee for President.
Though almost unaided in his plan, he chartered three
trains and these carried two thousand veterans and their
sons to the Republican Mecca. It was during this presiden-
tial campaign that Dr. Funkhouser was mentioned strongly
for the position of Postmaster General in McKinley's cabi-
net. In 1897 he became postmaster of Harrisonburg, Vir-
ginia, and filled this position for eight years. In his term
and because of his efforts Rockingham was the first county
in the United States to be given a complete system of free
rural mail delivery.
His civic spirit is shown in his purchase of the property
that became the Assembly Park. Under his leadership a
tabernacle and cottages were built and the first Chautauqua
in this part of Virginia became a successful enterprise.
CHURCH HISTORY 205
His talent and ability qualified him for adventure in
various forms of important enterprise, and with energy
and enthusiasm he aspired to reach the limit. He con-
side red no discouragement, paused at no obstacle, waited
for no council, and listened for no applause. Under the
lash of criticism he refused to wince and whine. He was
a preacher, educator and organizer, with power to com-
mand recognition. His mind was brilliant, and it was a
pleasure to hear him speak.
The wife of Dr. Funkhouser was Miss Minnie King,
from Westerville. Ohio. Their children are Mrs. Jessie
P. Roudabush, Samuel K. Funkhouser, Mrs. Mary W.
Rogers, and Edward K. Funkhouser. He was a kind hus-
band and father and the Funkhouser home was a happy
one.
*****
As specimens of Dr. Funkhouser’s literary efforts, we
present his address on "Our Church Centenary," delivered
at Lebanon Valley College, December 10, 1873, while yet
a college student, and his fraternal address to the General
Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church, May
24, 1912.
OUR CHURCH
CENTENARY
One hundred years ago, the blessings of civil and religi-
ous liberty did not crown our country as they do to-day.
Washington — the greatness of whose character every one
knows — had not yet led the American army to victory.
The galling yoke of oppression bore heavily upon our
ancestors. The republic had not yet been established.
Everywhere, the people were rising against tyranny, and
our political horizon was dark. Nor was this darkness
confined alone to the political aspects of the country. In
a great measure, the Church had lost her original purity;
form had taken the place of power. Experimental religion
was unknown even to many leading members of the
Church. Yet there were some worthy exceptions. Noble
men and women, in different parts of the land, were
206 UNITED BRETHREN
endeavoring to arouse and awaken the Church from her
lethargy.
Prominent among these illustrious workers were found
William Otterbein. Martin Boehm, George Geeting, and
others, who by their zeal in good works and their untiring
energy brought many souls to Christ and thus laid the
foundation of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ
And now we are about to be called upon to celebrate prop-
erly the one hundredth year of her existence.
Let us take a glance at her history up to the present
time. For years Otterbein and his co-laborers directed
their efforts alone to the conversion of souls. Consequently
most of the converts were gathered into other churches.
But from the time Otterbein clasped Boehm in his arms
and exclaimed. "We are brethren," they looked forward
to organic union. But this was not attempted until years
after. At the great meeting at Isaac Long's, God poured
out his spirit upon the vast assembly, composed of mem-
bers of many churches and of as many different opinions.
From this meeting the revival influence spread in many
directions. A few preachers were raised up, who carried
the gospel into the states of Maryland and Virginia. Some
of their earnest workers emigrated to Ohio and soon raised
the gospel banner in the then Far West. Large meetings
were held in many places, and hundreds, yea, thousands,
were converted to God, and scores were received into the
Church. The efforts were thus far confined to the German
language and entirely to the rural districts. Our fathers
avoided large towns and cities.
But the country was filling up with English-speaking
people, and thus arose a demand for an English ministry
which the Church was slow to supply. However, when
the ministry was partially supplied with English preachers,
the progress of the Church was rapid. While some were
zealously laboring here in the East, others moved with the
tide of emigration, and were soon preaching to the in-
habitants of the woods and prairies of the West. Thus
the borders of the Church were enlarged, and by the efforts
CHURCH HISTORY 207
of earnest men she has continued to advance until to-day
she extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from
Canada to Tennessee.
But progress for the first century was slow. Indeed,
viewing it from a human standpoint, it was remarkably
low. Near the close of this period her labor is still con-
fined to German settlements, without a printed discipline,
a printing establishment, newspaper, college, missionary
society, or well organized itinerancy. Two annual confer-
ence districts embrace the entire work, without a house of
worship west of the Alleghany Mountains and but few east
of them. In a tribute paid to the Church in 1813 by the
venerable Bishop Asbury, he estimates the whole member-
ship to be 20,000, and the number of ministers, 100. By
a series of calamitous events between 1810 and 1820, the
membership was so pruned down that by 1820 it numbered
only about 9,000.
Thus we see the Church, after a struggle of forty-six
years, with less than 10,000 members and possessing noth-
ing to make these permanent. Indeed, in the decade men-
tioned, despite all the work done, there had been a total loss
of more than 1,000.
But at this time God was raising up an English ministry,
and of its success we may judge by examining and com-
paring statistics for the years following.
The denominational interest of the Church now began
to receive attention. The first discipline was printed in
1815. In the last month of 1835 the first issue of the
"Religious Telescope" appeared, although in 1815 its
cir-
culation was only 3,000. Mount Pleasant College and
Otterbein University were founded in 1817. In 1853 our
efficient Home, Frontier, and Foreign Missionary Society
was organized. In 1850 the membership of the United
Brethren Church was about 40,000. Ten years later it
was 94,000, showing an increase in the decade of 54,000.
What is the condition of the Church to-day? Her
boundary is limited by no state lines, nor is she confined
to one country only. Her membership is almost 150,000,
208 UNITED BRETHREN
and she is represented in almost all the states of the Union,
Her territory is divided into more than forty conference
districts, these having a force of 2,000 ministers. She is
making her mark. Her printing house, besides carrying
on a large book trade, publishes six periodicals, whose joint
circulation is more than 300,000 copies. Besides the "Sab-
bath School" and “Benevolent Fund" and "Church
Erec-
tion" societies, she has a well organized missionary society
with many missionaries in Frontier fields, and two foreign
missions manned with almost a dozen earnest workers.
Her educational institutions are beginning to be a power.
Besides half a dozen high schools and academies, she has
as many regular colleges.
If such be the United Brethren Church, every member
should esteem himself happy that he lives to celebrate
the centennial anniversary of the denomination. But will
we accept the responsibility of our position? The respon-
sibility is upon us and we must accept it. We must not
prove recreant. We all rejoiced in bringing their gifts
to King Solomon, so every one, young or old, man or
woman, should contribute, as God has prospered him, in
erecting monuments to the Lord that shall bless through
coming ages all within their influence. Yes, this should be
a year of rich harvest to the treasuries of the Church.
and especially to her colleges. This year her friends should
place Lebanon Valley College in the front rank. To her.
donations should be made until they reach hundreds of
thousands of dollars. Her halls should be filled with stu-
dents. All this may be accomplished this year by united
effort. There are, at least, five hundred young men and
women in these four cooperating conferences who should
be in some department of college work to-day. The first
thing needful is to make our college worthy in every respect
for fitting this large number for the responsible duties of
life, and the second is, to send them here.
We as students have resolved to do our part, and we,
and the world, and God, expect the Church to do hers.
*****
CHURCH HISTORY 209
Mr. President, Fathers and Brethren*:
Commissioned by our Board of Bishops, it is a great
pleasure to my colleague, Dr. Washinger, and to myself to
bring to you the sincere and cordial greetings of the United
Brethren Church, and to reciprocate most heartily the
splendid and touching expressions of fraternity of your
distinguished representative. President Lewis, in his able
address to our General Conference three jars ago at Can-
ton, Ohio. We have followed your proceedings in this
body with increased interest and rejoice over all the vic-
tories you have won for Christ, especially during the last
quadrennium.
For six quadrenniums, it has been my privilege as a
member of the General Conference to hear and greet the
•brethren you have sent to us with messages of warmest
sympathy and co-operation; messages in the more recent
past, big with the conviction that God has one kingdom on
earth; urging more than co-operation and fraternal sym-
pathy — even the unity of organic union, responding in the
fullest sense to every advance made by our most enthusias-
tic leaders.
It was my fortune to be a member of the Tri-Council
which met six years ago in Dayton, Ohio, and to share in
the spiritual exaltation of the whole Council described by
another as "almost a modern Pentecost,” after the un-
expected but unanimous adoption of the resolution offered
by your representative, Dr. Lewis, that "our first and chief
business is to provide for the organic union of these three
bodies;" and later, as a member of the Committee on
*The following address by Dr. Funkhouser was in response to
the resolution below, which was adopted by a unanimous vote.
We believe that a union of the
Methodist Protestant Church
and Church of the United
Brethren in Christ, is both possible and
practical, and therefore we
authorize our commission on church
union to enter upon negotiation
with the commission of the Church
of the United Brethren in
Christ, just so soon as that commission
is full authorized to enter
upon said negotiations.
210 UNITED BRETHREN
Polity, both at Pittsburgh and at Chicago, to share in a
small way in the adoption of the Plan of Union, in a very
large measure, your plan of union, which was presented
to the churches interested with so much promise for good
to our common Zion. So that having met with these your
representatives and having learned to know your spirit,
and having familiarized myself with your people and
church life, I am not among strangers; for indeed I feel
like repeating the words of our church founders almost a
century and a half ago — when though strangers, after a
heart-searching sermon full of the unction of the Holy
Spirit by the Mennonite preacher, Martin Boehm, a man
of small stature and plain garb, the stalwart and scholarly
German Reformed Otterbein with brimming heart and
tear-filled eyes, put his arms about the speaker and ex-
claimed "We are brethren."
All of these efforts and plans for closer relationship be-
tween our churches have had, from the beginning, our
heartiest approval, and our hopes have been high for
realization of this forward step in the meaning of God's
forces for the overthrow of sin and wickedness in high places.
And my conviction to-day is that the discontinuance of
these efforts for union is most foolish, if not criminal.
And in this, without a single exception, to the best of
my knowledge, on every occasion when the question has
been voted on, in Annual or General Conference, these
sentiments echo the expressed will of our people.
But Christian people do foolish things. We maintain
schools and colleges, build churches and employ pastors,
conduct Sunday schools and Young People's Societies to
train, culture and save our children and make of them
good men and women, and then we authorize others by
law to destroy our work, degrade and ruin our children;
and we build jails and penitentiaries and hire officers to
harvest this crop of destruction, the result of legislation
winked at and supported by Christians.
The Protestant Church in the United States to whom
is committed now, as in the past, the salvation of our peo-
CHURCH HISTORY 211
ple and the making of the greatest nation on the earth, and,
through this nation, to reach every other people on the
globe, has divided, according to Dr. Carroll, our religious
census enumerator, into 141 denominations or sects, each
more or less against the other, and this too in the face of
the united hosts of darkness. If the Apostle Paul who
begs us to have the mind which was in Christ Jesus, were
writing us now, would he not say, "Oh! foolish brethren,
who hath bewitched you?" Should we not pray, and that
right earnestly, like the fellow falling from the high
bridge: "Lord, have mercy, and have it quick!"
What wasted strength, what a weakening of our forces.
what a dissipation of our vital resources!
The tendency of the age is toward organization and
consolidation. The trend towards centralization is univer-
sal. These are the days of integration. The day of indivi-
dual initiative and effort and great achievement is past.
We are in the era of world-wide movement. The world
has become a great community, from all parts of which we
may hear daily, and every man has become our brother.
The problems to be solved and the tasks to be done are so
large that it takes great agencies to accomplish them — not
in commercial life only — but also in the social, educational,
political and religious worlds, the watch words are "Organ-
ization" and "Combination!" And is it not the whole
aim
of the gospel and will it not be a glorious achievement to
put one spirit, the spirit of our Christ into the whole
human family?
Who is urging this union? Jesus, the head of the
Church. His last prayer on earth was that "they might be
one." The Holy Spirit is our inspiration and our guide.
His first coming was to the disciples who were in one place
and with one accord, and his perpetual ministry is to build
us up together. Common sense and good judgment
appeal to us to be as wise in religious affairs as the children
of the world are in business matters; to mass our forces
and push the conquest of Satan's kingdom, never so aggres-
sive and defiant as now.
212 UNITED BRETHREN
Our laymen are eager to see the methods of practical
efficiency applied to the work of the churches. The logic
of facts is that of such a proposal. They want the comrade
touch of shoulder to shoulder in company rank, the force
of the regiment, the strategic power of the well placed
battalion. For a half million members of our two churches
to be organically related is in itself a stimulus of no mean
order.
Who is against us? Satan, the arch enemy. The devil
is a strategist. If he can keep the forces of truth divided
into sections or sects, he will conquer in detail and the
rule of his authority will be undiminished. The open,
active advocates and agents of Satan decry church union,
while pride in what our fathers wrought or left us, pre-
judice of birth or training, denominational greed and
selfishness in all its ramifications, with some good people
who live in the past and question the propriety of a change;
these are the reactionaries clogging the chariot wheels of
progress.
A growing sentiment of union is felt among all Chris-
tian people. All churches now have their committees on
church union and a great national federation is endeavor-
ing to bring all the churches nearer together. Men outside
of the church, as well as those within, deplore ecclesiastical
division and look upon sectarianism as a reproach. Unity
does not mean uniformity; but it does mean such a spirit
of loyalty to the master and such a love for the brethren
as will tolerate individual differences and permit individual
variety under a common form.
Subordinate beliefs raised to the rank of essentials
block the way of unity. There is no proprietary right in
matters of faith. The basis of real union must always be
found in a common spiritual impulse and life; and it will
be effective, not along lines of history and ancestry, but
in spiritual affinity; not in a common origin but in a com-
mon life — The Union must be vital, not simply formal.
There is so much in common between the Methodist
Protestant Church and the Church of the United Brethren
CHURCH HISTORY 213
in Christ, that the wonder is not how to get them together,
but that they have been so long apart. Each has a supreme
regard for the facts of religious experience; each stands for
the right of private judgment in matters of religion, the
freedom of the local church, and supreme loyalty to Jesus
as Lord and King. In doctrine, they are both Arminian;
and in organization, thoroughly American, and they do not
differ, in any important particulars, in form, sacraments
and ordinances.
Neither of us number our adherents by the million but
our crowning glory has been the regenerated heart as the
key to the saved life; and we continue to hold, and God
grant that it may never be otherwise, that our first duty
is to provide for the maintenance of God's invisible Church
in the hearts of his children, God's communications with
the soul are personal and individual and the cry of the
ages is: "O that 1 knew where I might find him!"
The more consecrated and enthusiastic our people and
the more efficient and developed our organization, the more
successfully can we respond to this yearning appeal in
helpful Christian service.
The marshalling of our columns under one banner and
one leadership and as one host with a single purpose would
be an object lesson in the recovery of Christianity towards
the unity that alone is the Master's plea and a forerunner
of similar movements that may characterize our age.
With our principles affirmed and our prejudices denied
in this the day of His power, we stand willing to be led.
willing to act, willing to move out, if it may be into a wider
fellowship and a more abounding service. Mr. President,
"If thy heart be as my heart, give me thy hand."
214
CHAPTER
XXIV
THE CHURCH
AND EDUCATION
Someone has declared that nine-tenths of all education
since the founding of Christianity has sprung from the
tradition and purposes of the Church. Of course the
mathematical character of the statement is for the purpose
of giving definiteness to a strong claim. It was the policy
of the Church of the Middle Ages to keep the Bible from
the mass of the people and to discourage popular education,
so that all Christendom might he kept in intellectual slavery
to a crafty and thoroughly organized priesthood. The
Reformers, including those who appeared before the Refor-
mation of the sixteenth century, were not at all in sym-
pathy with this idea. They believed most firmly that all
persons should be able to read and write, although their
zeal in the cause of education was primarily religious.
They insisted that their people should read the Bible for
themselves, so that their faith might rest on a sure founda-
tion. Therefore schools, open to the public generally,
sprang up in all the portions of Europe that were deeply
influenced by the Protestant Reformation.
But the sect which in 1627 called itself the United Breth-
ren found that "a more enlarged acquaintance with litera-
ture and philosophy had, in some instances, paralyzed the
zeal of ministers in promoting the edification of their
Hocks, and, by the false gloss of heathen philosophy,
obscured the bright purity of Christian doctrine, which
derives all its luster from Christ crucified." These men
"laid greater stress on piety, moral conduct, and knowledge
of the Holy Scriptures, in persons sustaining the pastoral
office, than in human learning."
These criticisms are of precisely the same character as
those which have been urged by the present United Breth-
ren Church. The higher education of the earlier day con-
sisted very greatly in the study of the dead languages of
CHURCH HISTORY 215
Greece and Rome. When these languages were living
tongues, they were spoken by nations that were pagan,
although at the same time quite highly civilized. The ideas
presented in their literatures sprang from a heathen and
not a Christian source, and to minds imperfectly trained
were likely to be prejudicial. And it must be added that
until within the last half-century there was no very material
change in the course of study in all colleges.
Otterbein was recognized as one of the cultured nun of
his day, and he used at least five languages, ancient and
modern. But to him and those who thought as he did.
religion is almost wholly an individual and personal work
within the soul. It is only incidentally an affair of the in-
tellect. Otterbein was not a man to believe very much in
educational religion, which was almost the only form
recognized in the state churches. He could work consist-
ently and harmoniously with persons like Boehm, Gueth-
ing and Newcomer, whose education was not above the
level of a country school training of to-day. Intellectually,
they were not his equals. But in the matter of religion
they stood on common ground. It is perhaps because he
regarded the work of the established churches as com-
paratively inefficient that he let his scholarship lie in the
background. He preached in much the same manner as
his associates, and he never wrote a book. And yet he was
the more effective because of his scholarship. Whether the
advanced education be a curse or a blessing is after all
a personal affair. Nevertheless, Otterbein does not seem
to have been a strenuous advocate for higher training in
others. He perceived that the preaching most needed by
the time in which he lived was of the sort presented by
men of his own kind. "There is no evidence that Otterbein
ever impressed upon his associates and disciples the neces-
sity of educational training. Did he feel that necessity, or,
rather, did he share the popular feeling that scholarship
was generally conducive to spiritual coldness and formal-
ity? At any rate, he acquiesced in choosing and sending
out new preachers whose only claim to ability to teach
216 UNITED BRETHREN
was that they knew God in a powerful, personal salvation
from the power and fear of sin. With some ability to speak
in public, with untiring zeal, and an industry that abated
not, and with assured support from their own resources,
the pioneers carried on a propaganda that made adherents
wherever they went."
"Having fled from the persecutions of those in authority
in Europe, who represented, of course, the educated classes,
our ancestors felt that the best in life was to be secured
in the quiet of domestic home life, apart from the knowl-
edge of the world."
For several decades after Otterbein, the United Breth-
ren ministers had little respect for what they culled
"preacher factories." Their prejudice against college
train-
ing came largely by noticing that in these schools edu-
cational qualifications were more esteemed than spiritual-
ity. In the ministry of the old churches they also observed
that education and a cold formality were closely associated.
So they thought it better to rely less on books than on the
Promptings of the Spirit. This prejudice was held by the
laity as well as by the preachers.
It was not until 1865 that the education of ministers was
considered with any favor by a General Conference. The
establishing of Otterbein University was much resisted for
a while, and Lebanon Valley College was not founded
until 1876. In theory the United Brethren membership has
never opposed higher education, except in its bearing on
ministerial preparation. And yet a prejudice against it
in a theological sense could not fail to build up a degree
of prejudice in a secular sense. This prejudice has in
our day been very much overcome.
The demand for a change has grown with a growth of
intelligence and knowledge among the masses, and is
insistent as they realize that the leader of the religious
forces of the community must devote his time and strength
to the ministry of the Word. An educated ministry was
opposed by the Otterbein people so long as they saw that
men who made their living by some form of business, and
CHURCH HISTORY 217
were without training, culture, or knowledge, were put
forward as the teachers of "the people who perish for want
of knowledge."
In the present century it is becoming recognized that
religion without education sinks to the level of a supersti-
tion, and that the proper aim of a liberal education is not
culture for the sake of culture, but culture for the sake
of service to others.
"The present feeling of indifference to an educated
ministry results in a large part from the former pronounced
opposition to any culture or special training for the pulpit.
The pioneers themselves were uneducated, and having tied
from the persecution's of those in authority in Europe, who
represented, of course, the educated classes, our ancestors
felt that the best in life was to be secured in the quiet of
domestic home life, apart from the knowledge of the world.
It was this knowledge or learning which they blamed for
the wickedness of those who possessed it.
"They were fortified in this position by what they saw
in the schools themselves. A bitter fountain sends out
bitter waters. And it must be admitted that they were
grounds for their conclusions. Even when learning did
not seriously affect the religious belief, its deadening effect
was to be seen in the cold and lifeless formality of the
educated ministry of the existing churches. There was no
stirring of the emotions, 'no heart,' in the preaching which
appealed to the judgment and reason, and, consequently,
what they offered was a 'religion of the head.' This was
believed to be fatal to all vital godliness.
"The first member of this conference after Otterbein to
be a college graduate was Samuel Evers, who completed
the course in Otterbein University and joined the confer-
ence in 1857. He founded Pleasant Grove Academy in
1859 and had less than two years of service when death
ended his work in January, 1861. Just before this. D. D.
Keedy and C. B. Hammack had been students at Mount
Pleasant, Pennsylvania, but the combining of this school
with Otterbein at Westerville, Ohio, ended their school
218 UNITED BRETHREN
work, as they did not follow it to the new location. The
next man to complete the college course was J. N. Fries,
who in the centennial year received his diploma and degree
from Otterbein, and has been for forty years a faithful and
successful teacher.
"The necessity for college training was not generally
felt. Indeed, up to about this time the old notion that edu-
cation is not an essential for the minister, was generally
held. It was emphasized in my own experience. In the
spring of 1872, Boonsboro circuit, to which J. W. Hott had
been sent, wanted a junior preacher. The Sunday after
the conference, J. W. Howe, presiding elder, and John
Ruebush, pastor, visited me at Keezletown, where I was
teaching my second school, and spent the day with me,
endeavoring to persuade me to accept that appointment and
enter at once upon the work of the active ministry. When
I urged my ignorance and need of preparation, and told
them I was planning to go to college, they re-enforced
their position by saying, 'it is a pity to see a man spending
the best years of his life in school while the world is being
lost.' I was then eighteen. Howe and Ruebush were strong
men, and more progressive than many others, and yet
they reflected the general opinion. Both men lived to
change their ideas entirely on this subject, for a few years
later they were my strongest supporters in establishing
Shenandoah Institute.
"Evers, Fries, McMullen, Hendrickson, Harper, O. W.
Burtner, C. M. Good, W. D. Good, and myself* have been
graduated from Otterbein, and S. K. Wine and W. O. Fries
from Lebanon Valley; and of these only Fries, McMullen,
W. P. Good, and the writer are today (1914) members of
this conference. After efficient service in Virginia, Mary-
land, and Pennsylvania, Wine died at Chambersburg in
the prime of life. The others are living and finding fields
of usefulness elsewhere. Eleven have taken a course in
Bonebrake Seminary: G. P. Hott, J. W. Hicks. L. O. Burt-
ner, A. W. Horn, H. H. Fout, J. E. Fout, W. O. Jones,
*A. P. Funkhouser.
CHURCH HISTORY 219
L. W. Lutz, and Lan Seng Nam. C. W. Burtner is a Con-
gregationalist pastor in Connecticut, while only A. S. Ham-
mack remains a member of this conference. Forty-eight
members of the conference have attended Shenandoah
Institute, some completing the full course. Some twenty-five
years ago, nearly all who entered the conference studied
at this school. But in the last twenty years a little less than
one-third, and in the last ten years a little less than one in
five have attended our conference school. Of our present
membership of 58, those who have studied at Dayton, Vir-
ginia, number 22.
"J. R. Ridenour. A. D. Freed, C. M. Hott, and P. W.
Weller were students in Lebanon Valley College for one
or more years."
220
CHAPTER
XXV
THE
VIRGINIA CONFERENCE SCHOOL
The country about Dayton, Virginia was settled long
before there was any village at this point. The little stone
building on the east border, between the Harrisonburg pike
and Cook's creek, was built as a fortified house, and was
surrounded by a stockade. It is supposed there was a
covered way leading to the stream, and a condition in the
crown patent to the land on which the lower mill stands
is that the Burtner fort shall have enough water for its
use. Even before the Revolution there was an Episcopal
chapel adjacent to the town cemetery. On the ground
now occupied by artificial Silver Lake was a Presbyterian
church. The early population of the vicinity was Scotch-
Irish and English and not German. As a hamlet, Dayton
was first known as Rifetown or Rifeville. In 1833, Dayton
was made a town by an Act of Assembly. The first dwell-
ing within the town site was the Rife house, a rough-coat
building that stood on the Institute campus. Previous to
its being torn down by Dr. Funkhouser, the occupant kept
a wagon yard. The Harrisonburg pike was built in 1833,
and in 1840 there were 26 houses in the village. The
union brick church now owned by the Church of the Breth-
ren was built about 1858. Prior to this the only preaching
place was a long shop building. Bachtel had a steel triangle
made, and this was beaten with a hammer to give notice
of the preaching hour. The discovery of gold in California
made money plentiful, and Dayton was on somewhat of a
boom. Property was in demand, houses were built, and
in 1852 the place was incorporated.
Shenandoah Seminary was founded in 1875 and incor-
porated one year later. In 1879 it was named Shenandoah
Institute. Its first habitation was the building on Main
street near the entrance to the street leading to the railway
station. It is at present the store and residence of Mr. Stine-
CHURCH HISTORY 221
spring. The next home of the school was the building
since known as Ladies' Dormitory Number One and Dining
Hall. Until then this was a store and dwelling house. In
1885 an annex was attached to this building. In the same
year the campus was purchased and maple trees planted
on it. In 1901 the Howe Memorial Building was erected on
the campus, and in 1912 the Administration Building,
opposite the Boarding Hall, was completed. Including two
residences, occupied by the manager and Professor W. H.
Ruebush, there are now six distinct buildings on the lands
owned by the institution, and the total value of the plant
is about $60,000.
The school began with 20 students, and there were many
recitations in private homes. A primany school was at
first connected with Shenandoah Academy. The manager,
the instructor of the primary department, and a teacher
of music made up the original faculty. The following per-
sons have successively been at the head of the school:
A. P. Funkhouser (1875-1885); J. N. Fries (1885-1887);
G. P. Hott (1887-1895); E. U. Hoenshel (1895-1910); J. H.
Ruebush, since 1910.
In 1902 the institution took the name of Shenandoah
Collegiate Institute and School of Music, and by this title
it has since been known.
There are now ten members of the academic faculty,
and eight of the department of music.
The curriculum embraces Bible study, English, History,
Mathematics, Natural Science, Agriculture, Latin, German,
French, Elocution, Domestic Science, and the Fine Arts,
in addition to the work of the Shenandoah Business Col-
lege. Music has always been a strong adjunct. In the
school year, 1918-19, there were 115 students studying
music, 101 were taking Bible study, 94 literature, 35 expres-
sion, 18 art, and 2 domestic science. There were 44 in the
commercial courses.
The school year, divided into two semesters, continues
36 weeks.
Tuition is $50 in each music course, and $50 to $75 in
the academic courses.
222 UNITED BRETHREN
In 42 years over 6,000 students have had partial train-
ing in this institution.
Jay N. Fries was born at White Hall, Virginia, Decem-
ber 13, 1850. His early life was spent on his father's farm.
In the fall of 1869 he began teaching, and in 1876 was
graduated from Otterbein University with the degree of
Bachelor of Arts. He had already been licensed to preach
in 1871. In the year of his graduation he opened a high
school at Dayton, Virginia, teaching it four years, and then
teaching in Bridgewater and Harrisonburg. For 12 years
Prof. Fries was at the head of Shenandoah Institute, and
his term was marked by thorough, conscientious, and suc-
cessful work.
Elmer U. Hoenshel was born in Westmoreland county,
Pennsylvania, being one of the nine sons of George and
Mary Hoenshel. He was converted at the age of nineteen
and decided to be a teacher. But he received a license
from a quarterly conference in 1889, joined the Alleghany
Conference in 1891, and was a graduate of Shenandoah
Seminary in 1892. Prof. Hoenshel is very well known in
the Valley of Virginia as an educator and lecturer, and
also as an author. He has traveled in Europe and Palestine.
James H. Ruebush was born at Singers Glen, Virginia.
October 17, 1865. Until the age of fourteen he lived on
his father's farm. The family then moved to Dayton in
the same county, where the son attended Shenandoah
Institute five years. His studies in music was continued at
Otterbein University, the Conservatory of Music at New
York, and such summer schools as Silver Lake and Lake
Chautauqua. In these he was a pupil of some eminent
teachers. After teaching five years at Kee Mar College, he
returned to Dayton in 1898, becoming Musical Director
in the Institute. In 1910 he was put in control of the
school. Mr. Ruebush is the author of several song books,
the first of which is "Gems of Gladness." He is a person
CHURCH HISTORY 223
of great energy and activity, and brings these qualities
to bear in everything in which he is concerned. Several
times has he been a member of the General Conference of
the United Brethren Church, and he has held several other
high positions in his denomination.
224
CHAPTER
XXVII
A DIGEST
OF THE CONFERENCE MINUTES
The Virginia Conference, by a decision arrived at in
1900, is the mother conference of the United Brethren
Church. This abstract of the minutes therefore begins with
the session of 1789. Only the more important facts in
the proceedings are here given. This is particularly the
case since the minutes began to appear in printed form.
The reports of the last twenty years make pamphlets of
forty to seventy pages. To the published minutes the
reader is referred for the conference membership and the
names of the lay delegates. The orthography of proper
names is not uniform in the various reports. Since the
compiler could not always tell which form should be given
the preference, he has sometimes followed the variations
found in the minutes.
1789
Conference at the home of William Otterbein, Baltimore, Md.
Present: William Otterbein, Martin Boehm, George A. Guething,
Christian Newcomer, Henry Weidner, Adam Lehman, John
Ernst — 7.
Absent: Benedict Swope, Henry Baker, Frederick Schaeffer,
Martin Kreider, Simon Herre, Christopher Grosh, Abraham
Draksel — 7,
1791
Conference at the house of John Spangler, Paradise Twp., York
County, Pa.
Present: William Otterbein, Martin Boehm, George A. Guething,
Christian Newcomer, Adam Lehman, John Ernst, J. G. Pfrimmer,
John Neidig, Benedict Saunders — 9.
Absent: Henry Weidner, Martin Kreider, Christopher Grosh,
Christian Crum, P. Strickler, Felix Light, John Mautz, Henry
Baker, F. Schaeffer, Abraham Draksel, G. Fortenbach, J. Hershey,
Simon Herre. Benedict Swope — 14.
1800
Conference at the house of Peter Kemp, near Frederick, Md.,
September 25.
CHURCH HISTORY 225
Present: William Otterbein, Martin Boehm, G. A. Guething,
John G. Pfrimmer. Christian Newcomer, Christian Crum. Henry
Crum, John Hershey, J. Geisinger, Henry Boehm, Jacob Baulus,
D. Aurand, Adam Lehman, Abraham Draksel — 14.
Absent: John Neidig, Frederick Schaeffer, Abraham Meyer,
David Snyder, A. Hershey, John Ernst, Simon Herre, John Sen-
seny, I. Niswander, Martin Kreider, Christopher Grosh, G. Forten-
baugh, Adam Riegel, Christian Hershey, M. Thomas, Daniel Strick-
ler, Abraham Hiestand — 17.
Ten great meetings held during the conference year following.
Otterbein and Boehm elected bishops.
1801
Conference again at Kemp's September 23.
present: William Otterbein. Martin Boehm, Christian New-
comer, Daniel Strickler, George A. Guething. Peter Senseny, John
Neidig, David Long. Abraham Meyer, Frederick Schaeffer, John
Hershey, Thomas Winter, L. Duckwald, David Snyder, Christian
Crum, Matthias Kessler, Peter Kemp, Abraham Hershey, Jacob
Geisinger, Michael Thomas — 20.
Itinerants: C. Newcomer, A. Hershey, F. Schaeffer, P. Kemp,
D. Snyder, D. Strickler, D. Long, M. Thomas, A. Meyer, J. Neidig.
Resolved that each preacher who could not attend the annual
conference should give due notice of that fact.
Otterbein preached on the third and last day from Jude 20-25,
on the responsibilities of the ministerial office.
1802
Conference at the house of John Cronise, near Kemp's, October 6.
Bishops: W. Otterbein, M. Boehm.
New members: William Ambrose of Sleepy Creek, Va.
Ludwig Duckwald and John Neidig authorized to "administer
all the ordinances of the house of God, according to the
Scriptures."
By a vote of nine to three decided not to keep a register of the
members of the church.
"Resolved, that in case one of our superintendents, W.
Otterbein
or M. Boehm, should die, another minister shall be elected to fill
the place. This is the will of those two brethren, and the un-
animous wish of all the preachers present."
Otterbein preached the conference sermon the second day.
Adjournment third day.
During May, June, August, September, October, 19 great meetings.
Note: — Soon after conference a quarterly meeting on the old
Huffman place below Pleasant Valley. Guething and Newcomer
went home with the Moyers, who lived in a log house (where now
226 UNITED BRETHREN
is a brick house) near the Mennonite church on the Valley Pike.
They then went 10 miles further to A. M. Hivener's.
1803
Conference at David Snyder's, Cumberland Co., Pa., October 5,
for a three day session.
Present: William Otterbein, Martin Boehm, Christian New-
comer, David Snyder, John Hershey, Peter Kemp, Abraham Meyer,
Christopher Grosh, Christian Crum, Valentine Flugel, John Winter,
Frederick Schaeffer, George Benedum— 13.
Boehm and Grosh a committee to station the preachers of
Pennsylvania. Maryland left to the preachers of that state. Bene-
dum and Crum to call a meeting of the Virginia preachers and
arrange their fields of labor.
1804
Conference again at Snyder's, October 3.
Because of an epidemic in the country around, only 5 members
were present. Martin Boehm, Abraham Meyer, Frederick Schaeffer,
Christian Newcomer, Matthias Bortsfield.
Died: Dr. Peter Senseny, of Winchester.
Note:— In the preceding May, Otterbein preached twice at a
sacramental meeting in the Guething meeting house.
1805
Conference at the house of Jacob Baulus, near Middletown, Md., May
29.
Present: 21 preachers.
Otterbein and Boehm re-elected bishops.
Newcomer to travel through the German settlements in Mary-
land and Pennsylvania, and Christian Crum in those of Virginia.
1806
Conference at Lorenz Eberhart's Frederick Co., Md., May 21,
lasting three days as usual.
Itinerants: Joseph Hoffman, Christian Crum.
Great meetings arranged for.
Present: John Neidig, Peter Kemp, John Hershey, Henry Crum,
Lorenz Eberhart, Christian Crum, Christian Newcomer, George A.
Guething, Joseph Hoffman, Michael Thomas, Jacob Baulus.
1807
Conference at Christian Herr's, Lancaster Co., Pa.
Martin Boehm presided.
CHURCH HISTORY 227
Present: Martin Boehm, Isaac Niswander, John Neidig, Joseph
Hoffman, Christian Hershey, Christian Newcomer, Abraham Meyer,
Frederick Schaeffer, George A. Guething, Abraham Hershey, David
Snyder, Christian Crum, Christian Smith. David Long— 14.
Died: Jacob Geisinger.
1808
Conference at Abraham Niswander's in Virginia, May 28.
Present: Christian Newcomer, Isaac Niswander, Ludwig Duck-
wald, Abraham Meyer, George A. Guething, Joseph Hoffman, Peter
Kemp, Christian Crum, Jacob Baulus, George Hoffman, David
Snyder, William Ambrose, Frederick Duckwald, John Hershey— 14.
Hitherto, the annual conference had granted license to exhort.
The following rule adopted, the great distances to be traveled on
horseback often preventing the attendance of members: "Those
who desire to receive license to preach among us shall be examined
at a great meeting; and, if favorably reported, two of the elders
shall grant them license for one year, at the end of which time,
their license may be renewed at a great meeting."
1809
Conference again at Christian Herr's, May 10.
Bishop Boehm presided.
Present: Martin Boehm, Adam Riegel, Christian Smith, Joseph
Hoffman, Isaac Niswander, George A. Guething. Christian Hershey,
Christian Newcomer, John Hershey, Abraham Hershey, David
Long, David Snyder, Abraham Meyer, Frederick Schaeffer, Matthias
Bortsfield, George Benedum, Christopher Grosh, John Snyder— 18.
The subject of union or fellowship with the Methodists received
a great deal of attention.
Note: Enoch George (Methodist) and Newcomer and Gueth-
ing (U. B.) met at Guething's home, February 13, 1809. Newcomer
attended the Baltimore Conference of the Methodists at Harrison-
burg, Va., to promote a fraternal union. A committee was appointed
to meet him, and the correspondence thus begun continued sev-
eral years.
1810
Conference again at John Cronise's, June 3.
Present: 16 ministers.
Salary of an unmarried preacher fixed at $80.
The elder preachers required to visit all the appointments, in
all the fields of labor, twice during the year, if at all
possible.
A letter from the Methodist Conference on the subject of a close
union between the two churches was answered in a fraternal
228 UNITED BRETHREN
spirit. The church at Baltimore sent a letter to the conference
on the same subject.
Note:— The first United Brethren conference west of the Alle-
ghanies was the first session of the Miami, held near Germantown,
O., August 18, Bishop Newcomer presiding.
1811
Conference in Cumberland Co., Pa., May 23.
Present: Christopher Grosh, Christian Smith, George A.
Guething, Christian Newcomer, Abraham Draksel, Christian Crum,
Jacob Baulus, David Snyder, Matthias Kessler, Joseph Hoffman,
Isaac Niswander, Jacob Winter, David Long, Frederick Schaeffer,
Christian Hershey, Joseph Jordan, Henry Hiestand, Michael Baer,
George Hoffman, Peter Swartz — 20.
Died: Martin Boehm, aged 86; Peter Kemp February 20, while
his family and friends were in morning prayers at his bedside;
John Hershey.
Licensed to preach: Jacob Winter, Peter Swartz.
Licensed to exhort: Joseph Jordan, Michael Hershey.
1812
Conference at Guething meeting house, Md., May 13.
Present: Christian Newcomer, Abraham Draksel, Isaac Nis-
wander, Valentine Baulus, Lorenz Eberhart, Christian Berger,
George Guething, Jacob Dehof, Christian Crum, Joseph Hoffman,
Abraham Meyer, Jacob Baulus, Michael Thomas, Henry Hiestand,
Martin Crider, George A. Guething, Christian Smith, David Snyder,
Abraham Hershey, Jacob Weidner, Henry G. Spayth, John
Crider— 22.
Salary for a married preacher fixed at $160.
Itinerants: H. Hiestand, H. G. Spayth.
Much consideration given to the fraternal correspondence with
the Methodists. Delegates present from the Baltimore and Phila-
delphia conferences of the Methodists. Unanimously resolved that
friendship and love shall be maintained between the two churches.
Fraternal delegates appointed.
Church work placed under the care of superintendents or
elders, who were assigned districts and authorized to hold small
conferences on the circuits, whenever necessary.
July 30 and October 29 appointed days of fasting, prayer, and
thanksgiving, to be observed throughout the denomination.
The following a recorded roll of all the ministers of the
church who up to this date were authorized "to administer all
the ordinances of the house of God." None were ordained. The
CHURCH HISTORY 229
authorization had been at some great meeting, or a conference, to
administer the sacraments:
William Otterbein, Christian Newcomer, Christopher Grosh,
John Neidig, Christian Hershey, Isaac Niswander, Peter Kemp,
Martin Boehm, Christian Crum, Abraham Draksel, David Long,
Abraham Meyer, Daniel Troyer. Adam Riegel, George A. Guething,
John Hershey, Ludwig Duckwald, Abraham Hershey. William Am-
brose, George Benedum, Frederick Schaeffer, Joseph Hoffman,
David Snyder, David Gingerich, Christian Smith, Christian Berger.
Died: Matthias Kessler, George A. Guething.
A. Meyer to assist in holding two great meetings in Virginia.
Spayth to visit Virginia in November.
Note: — Guething was secretary of the conference from 1800 to
1812, inclusive. Shortly before his death he finished transcribing
the minutes from loose leaves into a conference book.
1813
Conference again at Christian Herr's.
Christopher Grosh, chairman; Christian Smith, secretary.
Present: Christopher Grosh, Christian Newcomer, John Neidig,
Abraham Meyer, Adam Riegel, Christian Crum, Frederick Schaef-
fer, Jacob Baulus, Valentine Baulus, David Snyder, Christian
Hershey, Abraham Hershey, George Guething, Michael Baer, Henry
G. Spayth. Christian Smith, Henry Hiestand, Joseph Jordan — 18.
Licensed to exhort: John Brown, John Geisinger, Charles Has-
sel, George Kolb.
An address, signed by Bishop Asbury, received from the Balti-
more Methodist Conference, and Newcomer and Baulus directed to
prepare a reply.
Newcomer, Crum, Hoffman, and Baulus appointed a committee
to meet a committee from the Evangelical Association for the pur-
pose of effecting an organic union. This proceeding grew out of
a visit by Newcomer to the Evangelical conference in April, 1813.
He was given a letter to be laid before the United Brethren con-
ference. The committee — Newcomer, Crum, Hoffman, and Baulus,
— met the Evangelical committee at New Berlin, Pa., and con-
ferred several days without coming to any conclusion. The
Albrights (Evangelicals) had been working about 15 years, and
had 15 itinerants and 800 members. Their general conference of
1816 changed the name of the denomination to its present form, and
discussed the proposed union. A committee of six from each
church met at Henry Kumler's in 1817, but failed to come to any
understanding.
Christian Newcomer elected bishop for one year.
230 UNITED BRETHREN
Ordered that the Discipline and the Confession of Faith be
printed.
Died: William Otterbein, aged 87.
1814
Conference at Hagerstown, Md., May 24.
C. Newcomer, bishop; J. Baulus, secretary.
Present: Christian Newcomer, Abraham Meyer, John Baer,
David Snyder, George Geeting, Thomas Winter, Frederick Schaef-
fer, Christian Crum, Jacob Dehof, Henry C. Spayth, Joseph Hoff-
man, Christopher Grosh, Valentine Baulus, Herman Ow, John
Neidig, John Snyder, Jacob Baulus, Isaac Niswander, Christian
Smith, Christian Berger, Michael Thomas— 21.
Licensed to preach: John Rathfang, Joseph Fry, George Kolb,
John Geisinger, Henry Kumler, Jacob Wenger.
Authorized to administer the ordinances: Herman Ow, John
Snyder, Henry G. Spayth.
Christian Newcomer elected bishop for three years.
Christian Hershey elected presiding elder for two years "over
the district in his part of the country."
A letter from Otterbein's congregation expressing the wish to
connect itself with the United Brethren and thus to be supplied
with preachers in future.
The first Thursday in August designated as a day of fasting
and prayer.
Itinerants: John Snyder, Hagerstown circuit; Henry G. Spayth,
Rockingham circuit.
1815
Conference at Henry Kumler's, Franklin Co., Pa., May 9.
G. Newcomer, bishop; J. Baulus, secretary.
Present: Christian Newcomer, David Snyder, Isaac Niswander,
Valentine Baulus, Henry Kumler, Jacob Baulus, Christian Berger.
Jonas Witmer, John Neidig, John Baer, Jacob Dehof, Henry G.
Spayth, Michael Baer, Henry J. Fry, Joseph Hoffman, Abraham
Meyer, John Crider, John Snyder, George Geeting, Henry Hiestand,
Jacob Wenger, Jacob Winter — 22.
Licensed to preach: Peter Swartz, Valentine Hiskey, Jonas
Witmer.
Licensed to exhort: Daniel Pfeifer, Jacob Flickinger, George
Brown, Samuel Huber, Samuel Brandt.
A camp meeting — the first by the United Brethren — ordered at
Rocky Springs, Franklin Co., Pa., August 11.
1816
Conference at the house of David Long. Cumberland Co., Pa., May 7.
CHURCH HISTORY 231
C. Newcomer, bishop; J. Baulus, secretary.
Licensed to preach: Jacob Flickinger, Samuel Huber, William
Brown.
Ordained: Henry Kumler, George Geeting, George Hoffman.
Peter Swartz.
Presiding elders (for two years): A. Meyer, J. Hoffman, J.
Baulus.
Camp meeting ordered at Middlekoff’s, four miles from Hagers-
town, Md., August 8.
Present: Christian Newcomer, John Neidig, David Snyder.
George Geeting, Abraham Hershey, Peter Swartz, Abraham Meyer,
Christian Smith, Henry Kumler, Jacob Dehof, Herman Ow, Jacob
Baulus, John Snyder, Joseph Hoffman, Michael Baer, David Long,
George Hoffman — 17.
1817
Conference at Guething's meeting house, Md., May 15.
C. Newcomer, bishop: J. Baulus and John Hildt, secretaries.
Present: Christian Newcomer, Christian Hershey, John Snyder.
John Crider, Michael Thomas, Jacob Winter, John Baer, Christian
Berger, William Brown, Abraham Meyer, Jacob Baulus. Valentine
Baulus, Jacob Dehof, George Geeting, Conrad Both. Henry Kumler,
John Hildt, David Fleck, John Neidig. Joseph Hoffman, Henry G.
Spayth, Samuel Huber, Isaac Niswander, Jacob Wenger, Jacob
Flickinger, George Brown — 26.
Licensed to preach: J. Hildt, Jacob Brazer, William Brown,
D. Fleck.
Ordained: J. Crider, V. Baulus.
Camp meeting fixed for August 14 at Middlekoff’s, Md.
Presiding elders: J. Snyder, H. Kumler.
Presiding elders directed to keep an account of the moneys
collected by the traveling preachers, and what was paid out to
them in settlement, report to conference, and see that the settle-
ment is recorded in the minutes.
1818
Conference at the house of Christian Hershey, Lancaster, Co., Pa.,
May 5.
C. Newcomer, bishop.
Present: Christian Newcomer, Joseph Hoffman, Valentine
Baulus, Samuel Huber, Jacob Lehman, Joseph Jordan, John Snyder.
David Fleck, J. Zentmyer, A. Zeller, Abraham Meyer, William
Brown, Michael Baer, Christian Hershey, John Geisinger, George
Brown, George Kolb, Daniel Pfeifer, Christopher Grosh, Henry
Kumler, Jacob Wenger, Henry G. Spayth, Daniel Gingerich, Arba-
ham Hershey, Conrad Roth, Christian Smith— 26.
232 UNITED BRETHREN
Licensed to exhort: Abraham Horner, John Hussel, Conrad
Weist.
Licensed to preach: Daniel Pfeifer.
Camp meeting fixed for Middlekoff's for August.
Letter from Baltimore stirred up interest in raising funds for
frontier preachers.
1819
Conference at Valentine Doub's. Frederick Co., Md., May 4.
Present: Christian Newcomer, Andrew Zeller, Adam Guething,
Samuel Huber, David Hook, William Brown, John Russell, Abraham
Meyer, Michael Baer, John Hildt, John Neidig, Michael Thomas,
Daniel Pfeifer, John Snyder, John Brown, Conrad Weist, John
Fetterhoff, Jacob Baer, John Brown, John Clopper, John Hoffer —
25.
Received: John Brown, Conrad Weist.
Licensed to exhort: John Fetterhoff, James Baer, John Brown,
John Clopper, John Hoffer.
Letter from W. Line, Register of Cumberland Co., Pa., announc-
ing that David Snyder had bequeathed to the Conference one
thousand dollars, payable one year after the death of his wife.
Letter entered on the minutes.
Abraham Myer paid in fifty dollars to be distributed among the
poor itinerant members in Ohio, according to the wishes of the
donor, Elizabeth Snyder, and the money given into the care of
Bro. Zeller.
After paying all expenses, the sum of $66.24 in the Conference
treasury was ordered to be distributed among the itinerants in
Ohio.
Ordained: William Brown, David Fleck, Samuel Huber, James
Wenger.
Died: David Snyder, aged 57; Valentine Baulus, aged 56.
Camp meetings ordered at Pleasant Valley, Washington Co.,
Md., August 5; Rocky Springs. Pa., August 26; Rockingham Co.,
Va., September 9.
Presiding elders: Samuel Huber, Hagerstown Dist.: Abraham
Meyer, Juniata; Jacob Baulus, Virginia; John Neidig. Lancaster.
Appointments:
Baltimore: John Snyder.
Hagerstown: Daniel Pfeifer.
Juniata: David Fleck,
Virginia: William Brown and Conrad Weist.
Ohio: John Russell and John Fetterhoff.
1820
Conference at the house of Conrad Nicodemus. Washington, Co., Md.,
May 2.
Abraham Meyer, chairman; John Hildt, secretary.
Present: Christian Newcomer, Abraham Meyer, Isaac Niswan-
der, John Crider, Michael Thomas, Samuel Huber, David Fleck,
William Brown, John Brown, Conrad Weist, James Baulus. John
CHURCH HISTORY 233
Hildt, John Snyder, John Brown, George Brown, Jacob Weidner,
Jacob Dunahoo, George Guething, Daniel Pfeifer, Jacob Adam
Lehman, Jacob Baer, David Baer, Henry Werbe(?), John Hafford,
Christian Hershey, John Clopper, Jacob Dehof — 27.
Licensed: John Brown, David Baer, Jacob Dunahoo. Jacob
Baer, for six months.
Received from Elizabeth Snyder for the traveling preachers, $25.
Ordained: John Hildt, George Brown, David Pfeifer, Henry
Werbe.
Camp meeting dates: Rockingham Co., Va., August 3; Pleasant
Valley, Md., August 17; Rock Springs. Pa., August 24.
Licensed to exhort: Christian Traub.
Presiding elders: George Guething. Va.; Samuel Huber, Hagers-
town; Abraham Meyer, Juniata; John Neidig, Lancaster.
Appointments:
Baltimore: John Snyder.
Hagerstown: William Brown and Conrad Weist.
Juniata: John Brown.
Virginia: Daniel Pfeifer and Jacob Dunahoo.
"God be praised for the blessings we received on this
occasion.
May He grant his blessings on our proceedings."
1821
Conference at Hagerstown, Md., April 10.
C. Newcomer, bishop; A. Meyer, chairman; J. Hildt, secretary.
Present: Christian Newcomer. Jacob Baulus, Abraham Meyer,
John Crider, Samuel Huber. John Snyder, Henry Werbe, William
Brown, Joseph Hoffman, John Brown (Pa.), John Brown (Va.),
Conrad Weist, Daniel Pfeifer. Peter Schwartz, Jacob Dehof, George
Guething, Michael Baer, John Russell, Jacob Flickinger, Jacob
Dunahoo, Christian Burkhardt, John Hafford, Samuel Brant— 23.
Presiding elders appointed a committee to select the traveling
preachers.
Licensed: John Clopper, John Hafford. Christian Traub and
Henry Burtner licensed for two years on trial.
Ordained: John Brown (Va.), John Brown (Pa.).
Died: Christian Crumb, Isaac Niswander, Frederick Herr.
Received during the year for the support of the itinerancy,
$439.67. Each preacher received $73.21.
Itinerants for the year: John Snyder, William Brown, Conrad
Weist, Daniel Pfeifer, Christian Traub, John Brown (Va.), Jacob
Dunahoo, John Brown (Pa.), Henry Burtner.
Baulus, Snyder, Hoffman, Meyer, Guething, Traub, Hershey. a
committee to devise a plan to secure funds to support the
itinerant
ministers, reported as follows: "Resolved by the ministers of
the
Church of the United Brethren in Christ in Conference assembled,
234 UNITED BRETHREN
that there is a real necessity of forming a society and create a
fund from which the poor traveling and worn out and superan-
nuated members shall be supported." Resolved, that for every
circuit agents be appointed there to invite persons to join this
society and to get subscriptions. "Resolved, that this annual
con-
ference appoint a committee to draw up a constitution for this
benevolent society and lay it before the next annual conference.
Resolved, that in order to help those that may in need now, a
subscription (be taken) and have it circulated in the conferences.
Resolved, that copies of these resolutions be sent to the general
and the annual conferences of Pennsylvania and Ohio."
Resolution unanimously adopted. Hildt and Baulus appointed a
committee to prepare a constitution and submit it to the next ses-
sion of conference. The presiding elders to act as agents.
Also agreed to ask from next General Conference to change
the second article in our Discipline as far as it relates to
members
of general conferences.
Camp meetings: Maryland, August 2; Virginia, August 16;
Pennsylvania, August 30.
1822
Conference at the house of Joseph Knegi, Cumberland Co., Pa.,
April 9.
C. Newcomer and J. Hoffman, bishops; J. Hildt, secretary.
Present: Abraham Meyer, John Neidig, Abraham Hershey,
Michael Baer, John Brown (Va.), Jacob Wenger, Daniel Pfeifer.
Henry Spayth, Samuel Huber, William Brown, Jacob Dunahoo.
Conrad Weist, Christian Smith, John Hildt, Valentine Hershey.
George Guething, Henry Werbe, David Baer, Christian Traub, John
Hoffard, Henry Burtner, Herman Ow, John Brown (Pa.), George
Benedum, Jacob Brazer, John Snyder, Thomas Kartin(?)— 27.
Itinerants: William Brown, Conrad Weist, Daniel Pfeifer, John
Brown (Pa.), John Snyder, John Brown (Va.) Christian Traub,
Henry Burtner, Samuel Huber.
Committee on itinerants reported they had secured during the
year for the support of ministers, $620.50, which, divided, gave
to
every married preacher, $124.10; to every single preacher, $62.05.
A letter prepared in reply to one received from the preacher
and delegates of the Methodist society in New York was ordered
sent.
The plan reported by the committee on constitution for bene-
volent society was adopted and the following trustees appointed:
John Brazer, Chambersburg; Valentine Doub, Frederick Co.;
Andreas Newcomer, Washington Co.; John Cronise, Frederick Co.;
Samuel Huber, Rocky Springs; Jacob Wenger, Franklin Co.; George
Martin, Hagerstown.
CHURCH HISTORY 235
Presiding elders reported $400 subscribed to the benevolent
society, and were authorized to continue their efforts.
Licensed to preach: Thomas Hustin, John Reder.
Licensed to exhort: James Ewig, Lorenz Esterlein.
Ordained: Conrad Weist, David Baer, Valentine Hiskey.
Trustees of benevolent society authorized to have society incor-
porated and constitution printed.
1823
Conference at the residence of John Cronise, Frederick Co., Md.,
May 6.
C. Newcomer, bishop; G. Guething, chairman; J. Hildt, secretary.
Present- Abraham Hershey, Abraham Meyer, Samuel Huber,
Abraham Huber, William Brown, John Brown (Pa.), John Brown
(Va.), Conrad Weist, Jacob Dunahoo, Daniel Pfeifer, Christian
Traub, Henry Burtner, John Hildt, John Crider, Jacob Wenger.
George Guething, John Hafford, Jacob Dehof— 18.
Licensed: Gideon Smith, Jacob Erb, John Hafford, Abraham
Huber.
Ordained: Christian Traub, Henry Burtner, Philip Ziegler.
Died: Henry Werbe, James Brazer.
Presiding eiders: John Snider, William Brown, Abraham
Hershey, Abraham Meyer, John Hildt, George Guething, John
Crider.
Itinerants for the coming year: William Brown, Conrad Weist,
John Brown, Henry Burtner, Christian Traub, Daniel Pfeifer,
Jacob Erb, Gideon Smith.
Received for support of traveling preachers, $727. Paid to
William Brown and John Brown, each, $128.54; to Jacob Dunahoo,
Conrad Weist, Christian Traub, John Brown, Daniel Pfeifer, each,
$64.27; to Samuel Huber, $17.02.
Treasurer of benevolent society reported $11.50 in hand, after
paying all expenses, amounting to $9.50. Voted that the $11.50
be sent by C. Newcomer to the brethren of Ohio Conference.
1824
Conference at Shauman's church. Pleasant Valley, Md., May 4.
C. Newcomer and J. Hoffman, bishops; John Hildt and John G. Pfrimmer,
secretaries.
Present: Abraham Meyer, George Guething, Samuel Huber, John
Crider, Jacob Dehof, William Brown, Daniel Pfeifer, Conrad Weist,
Henry Burtner, John Hildt, John Hafford, David Fleck, John Brown,
David Baer, John Clopper, John G. Pfrimmer, Jacob Wenger, Gideon
Smith, Jacob Erb, William Abels, John Eckart, Michael Thomas,
Lorenz Esterlein — 23.
236 UNITED BRETHREN
Licensed to preach: Lorenz Esterlein, James Ewig.
Licensed to exhort: John Fry, James Debold. John Brubaker
(renewal).
Ordained: William Abels.
Died: Adam Lehman, aged 90.
Itinerants for coming year: William Brown, John Brown, Con-
rad Weist, Henry Burtner, Daniel Pfeifer, William Abels, Gideon
Snell, Jacob Doubs.
Money collected for traveling preachers, $618.00. Paid to Wil-
liam Brown, $119; to John Brown, $142.70; to Henry Burtner,
Gideon Smith, and Conrad Weist, each, $71.37; to Daniel Pfeifer,
$59.50; to Jacob Erb, $47.58; to Christian Traub, $35.71.
Trustees of benevolent society report in hand, $28.61. Voted
that the part belonging to this conference $9.50 be given to
Chris-
tian Traub, who has been very sick a long term and in great need
for help.
Resolved that the election of delegates to the next General Con-
ference be held on or before January 1, 1825, and that to every
one elected the earliest personal notice be given.
Resolved that Thursday, July 30, be set apart as a day of fasting
and prayer.
1825
Conference at Petersburg, Adams Co., Pa., May 10.
Present: Christian Newcomer, John Hildt, Abraham Meyer,
Abraham Hershey, George Guething, John Brown, Conrad Weist,
Gideon Smith, Jacob Erb, Henry Burtner, Jacob Doub, John Haf-
ford, William Brown, John Crider, David Fleck, Samuel Huber,
Abraham Huber, David Baer, John Snyder, John Neidig, Christian
Smith, Daniel Pfeifer, Valentine Hiskey, John Fry, Lorenz
Esterlein,
Jacob Wenger, John Clopper, Christian Traub, William Abels— 29.
Committee on complaints, should any be made: C____, Neidig,
Meyer, John Brown, William Brown, Jacob Doub.
After all the members present were examined, conference in-
quired into the character of the following absent brethren: W.
Rhinehart, Christian Shopp, John Sewell(?), John Zahn, John
Krack, Jacob Dehof, John Hendricks, James Snyder, Abraham
Hershey.
Committee on complaints reported on Samuel Huber, Jacob
Wenger, and Christian Traub, and the report adopted.
The cases of those brethren who are on trial were taken up
and a continuance on trial decided upon.
Itinerants for coming year: William Brown, John Brown, Con-
rad Weist, Jacob Erb, Jacob Doub, Gideon Smith.
Resolved in future to omit "Reverend" in our addresses
to
brethren.
CHURCH HISTORY 237
Licensed to preach: William Rhinehart, John Zahn, John Hend-
ricks, Christian Shopp, John Krack, James Snyder, Abraham
Hershey, John Fry.
Licensed to exhort: John Smith, Thomas Oberholtz.
The secretaries shall give notice to Bro. Geisinger that they
can do nothing for him.
Report on the conduct of John Snyder unanimously adopted.
Received on support of traveling preachers during the year,
$741.46.
1825 (Second Session)
Conference at Chambersburg, Pa., November 17.
C. Newcomer and Henry Kumler, bishops; William Brown and Gideon
Smith, secretaries.
Present: John Hildt (P. E.), Abraham Meyer (P. E.), William
Brown (P. E.), George Guething (P. E.), Samuel Huber, Valentine
Hiskey, Jacob Erb, Daniel Pfeifer, Gideon Smith, John Hendricks,
John Brown, Jacob Doub, Henry Burtner, Conrad Weist, David
Fleck, John Rider, John Baer, Abraham Huber, John Wenger, Jacob
Wenger, Jacob Debold, Jonah Witcom, Jonah Houk, Jonah Haf-
ford, Simon Drislock, Christian Shopp, Henry Kimmerling, Lorenz
Esterlein, John Fry, John Geisinger, David Baer— 31.
Members of other conferences or synods shall have a seat in
this conference but no vote.
No complaints preferred.
Continued on trial: John Hafford, Abraham Huber, Jonah Houk.
Ordained: John Rider, Gideon Smith, Jacob Erb.
Itinerants for coming year: William Brown, John Brown,
Gideon Smith. Daniel Pfeifer, Conrad Weist, Simon Drislock, John
Hendricks, Jacob Debold.
It shall be the duty of all the preachers to appoint class-meet-
ings at all regular appointments and to urge attendance upon them.
Licensed to preach: Daniel Godnatt, Thomas Miller, Henry
Kimmerling, Jonah Houk, Peter Habecker, Ezekiel Boring.
Licensed to exhort: Michael Carver, James Newman, James
Sutton.
Resolved that December 23 next be set apart as a day of prayer.
1826
Conference at the residence of Bro. Shopp, Cumberland Co., Pa.,
April 3.
C. Newcomer and H. Kumler, bishops; Henry Spayth, secretary.
Present: Abraham Meyer, John Crider, George Guething, Wil-
liam Brown, John Brown, Christian Smith, Samuel Huber, Jonah
Witcom, David Baer, John Hildt, Henry Spayth, Conrad Weist,
238 UNITED BRETHREN
Abraham Hershey, Jacob Debold, John Geisinger, John Zahn, Valen-
tine Hiskey, Jacob Erb, John Hendricks, John Krack, Christian
Shopp Christian Hershey, Peter Schwartz, Simon Drislock, James
Snyder, Gideon Smith, Daniel Pfeifer, Christian Ludwig, Thomas
Miller, Ezekiel Boring, Joseph Marsh (exhorter), John Neidig,
Michael Carver (exhorter), James Newman (exhorter), Daniel God-
natt, Jonah Houk, Abraham Hershey, Christian Traub, James Rupp,
John Hoffman — 42.
Itinerants for coming year: William Brown, John Brown,
Gideon Smith, Conrad Weist, Jacob Debold, John Hendricks, Simon
Drislock, Jacob Erb, Thomas Miller.
Presiding elders: John Neidig, Samuel Huber, David Baer.
It shall be the duty of every member of this conference to be
present during the annual session, and if necessarily detained, it
shall be his duty to state to conference in a letter the reasons
for
his absence.
A roll of all the members of this conference shall be kept, their
names called at every session, and their characters inquired into.
Received last year for support of the preachers, $771.24. Salary
of married preachers, $160; single preachers, $80.
Resolved that John Hildt in the name of this conference shall
give authority to Christian Newcomer, our senior bishop, and sign
the same in our behalf, by which Bro. Newcomer can ask from the
executors of the last will and testament of our deceased sister,
Elizabeth Snyder, the sum of $1,000 given by her to the
conferences
of the United Brethren in Christ and give a receipt for it.
Licensed: John Hoffman.
Voted that Christian Traub be received again among us.
August 4 next shall be a day of thanksgiving and prayer in all
the appointments of this conference.
1827
Conference at the house of Bro. Knegi, Springfield, Cumberland
Co., Pa., April 3.
C. Newcomer and H. Kumler, bishops; Jacob Erb, secretary.
Present: John Hildt, Christian Hershey, John Crider, Jacob
Lehman, Samuel Huber, David Baer, Simon Drislock, Thomas Mil-
ler, Valentine Hiskey, Jacob Erb, John Brown, Henry Burtner,
David Fleck, John
Krack, Lorenz Esterlein, John Fry, James Sutton,
William Brown, John Hendricks, John Neidig, Daniel Pfeifer, Con-
rad Weist, Christian Shopp, Jacob Debold, John Snyder, Peter
Schwartz, James Newcomer, Jacob Wenger, George Guething,
James Snyder, Jonah Houk, Michael Baer — 34.
Continued on trial: Christian Shopp, James Snyder, Jacob
Debold, Jonah Houk, John Fry.
CHURCH HISTORY 239
Ordained: John Hendricks, Simon Drislock. Lorenz Esterlein,
Abraham Hershey, John Zahn, John Krack.
Died: Abraham Meyer, October 28, 1820, aged 69.
Itinerants for the coming year: John Snyder, George Guething,
William Brown, Thomas Miller, John Hendricks, John Zahn, John
Krack, David Fleck,
Conrad Weist, Jacob Erb, James Talton, Chris-
tian Traub, Gideon Smith.
Presiding elders: John Snyder, George Guething.
Paid in for support of itinerants, $803.16. Married preachers
received $160 each; unmarried ones, $80.
William Brown paid over to the conference $300, a part of $1,000
bequeathed by Bro. David Snyder to the conferences of the United
Brethren in Christ.
Treasurer of benevolent society reported $49.60 in his hands.
Voted that John Hildt be given $12.40 of this sum to pay off a
debt
made by one of our poor traveling preachers, and for which three
of our brethren have gone security.
A collection taken for the support of the preachers in the West-
ern states.
Licensed to preach: John Eckstein, John Hugel, George Hiskey.
Licensed to exhort: John Gilbert, Peter Reick, John Pfeifer.
Appointments:
Juniata: David Fleck.
Lancaster: Gideon Smith.
York: John Krack.
Hagerstown: John Zahn and John Eckstein.
Virginia circuit: John Hendricks and Thomas Miller.
Huntingdon: Christian Traub.
New York mission: Jacob Erb.
Baltimore: William Brown.
Resolved, that we, the members of this annual conference, do
not approve that any of our preachers or members belong to the
order of Freemasonry and that in future every preacher and every
member who is connected with this order or shall join it shall
lose his membership in our church.
1828
Conference at the union church belonging to the Brethren and
Reformed congregations in Middletown valley, Washington Co.,
Md., April 1.
C. Newcomer, H. Kumler, bishops; J. Erb, secretary.
Present: Jacob Erb, Henry Burtner, William Brown, John
Hendricks, John Hildt, John Snyder, Samuel Huber, David Fleck,
Daniel Pfeifer, John Krack, Simon Drislock, John Zahn, John
Neidig, John Hafford, Thomas Miller, William Rhinehart, James
Sutton, James Winters, James Newman, John Eckstein, Frederick
Gilbert, Jacob Debold, Ezekiel Boring, James Snyder, George
Pallas(?), Abraham Huber, John Clopper— 30.
Licensed to preach: Moses Lawson, William Schott, Henry
Huber, George Gilbert, Frederick Gilbert, Joseph Berger, Richard
240 UNITED BRETHREN
Laken, William Kinnear, John Dehof, James Fulton, John Smith,
Licensed to exhort: Peter Whitesel, Charles Boehm, George
Gingerich1, James Ewig, Samuel Allenbaugh.
Remained on trial: John Hafford, John Clopper, Abraham Huber.
Ordained: Thomas Miller, William Rhinehart, George Patterson,
Ezekiel Boring, James Snyder.
Died: Christian Ludwig, Philip Ziegler.
Conference was divided into the following districts: Virginia,
Hagerstown, Carlisle, Huntingdon. Lancaster. From each
district two elders shall be elected delegates to the General
Conference.
Collected for support of traveling preachers, $877.80, which,
divided, gives to each married man $138.03, and to each single
one,
$69.34.
Appointments:
Presiding elders: John Snyder, William Brown.
Lancaster circuit: Ezekiel Boring, Frederick Gilbert.
Baltimore: John Neidig.
Carlisle: William Schott.
York: John Krack.
Huntingdon: John Hendricks.
Hagerstown: John Zahn.
Virginia: Thomas Miller, John Eckstein.
Susquehanna: Jacob Erb.
Lebanon: Simon Drislock.
1829
Conference at Guething meeting house, Antietam Cr., Washington
Co., Md., April 7.
C. Newcomer, H. Kumler, bishops; William Brown, Jacob Erb,
secretaries.
Present: John Snyder, George Guething, David Baer, John
Neidig, Samuel Huber, Jacob Erb, William Rhinehart, Ezekiel Bor-
ing, John Krack, James Snyder, Henry Burtner, John Hendricks,
Thomas Miller, John Rider, Jacob Dehof, John Zahn, Jacob Wen-
ger, Frederick Gilbert, John Fry, Christian Shopp, David Baer,
John Clopper, John Hoffman, John Eckstein, James Newman, Wil-
liam Schott, James Ewig — 27.
Richard Schekels expelled for bad conduct.
Licensed to preach: John Dorcas, Peter Herrman, Daniel Sen-
Seny, Christian Crowling, James Ewig, James Newman, Henry
Higgins, Noah Woodyard, William Knott, David Winters.
Licensed to exhort: Jacob Haas, Jacob Perry, Martin Haman.
George Guething, John Domer2, Jacob Gerg(?).
1The original
transcription records this surname as Gilerich.
2The original
transcription records this surname as Dummer.
CHURCH HISTORY 241
Ordained: Christian Shopp, John Clopper, John Hafford, John
Eckstein, John Fry, John Hoffman, William Schott.
Itinerants for coming year: John Snyder, William Rhinehart,
William Brown, John Neidig, Ezekiel Boring, John Hendricks,
Frederick Gilbert, Thomas Miller, John Krack, John Dorcas, Wil-
liam Schott, John Eckstein, James Snyder, Noah Woodford, Daniel
Senseny, William Knott, James Ewig, John Zahn.
John Snyder, Christian Shopp, William Brown a committee to
examine the accounts of S. Drislock respecting certain collections
made by him and to see that the money is expended according to
description.
Samuel Huber and David Baer a committee to meet David Long
and others and exhort them to do better or suffer the
consequences.
Next conference to be held at the meeting house near Shopp's
Cumberland Co., Pa., beginning third Monday in March, and that
a great meeting be held at the same place the Saturday and Sunday
previous.
Almost no charge brought against anyone. Much testimony
given of the work of grace in the hearts of the members. The
experience of Jacob Haas surpassed anything ever brought before
this conference.
1830
Conference convened at Shopp's meeting house, Cumberland Co., Pa.,
March 22.
Henry Kumler, bishop; George Guething, chairman; John Eckstein,
German secretary; William Rhinehart, English secretary.
Present: John Snyder, George Guething, David Baer, William
Rhinehart, William Brown, Peter Schwartz, John Hoffman, Valen-
tine Hiskey, Ezekiel Boring, John Krack, James Snyder, Daniel
Pfeifer, John Hendricks, Thomas Miller, James Newman, John
Zahn, Jacob Erb, Christian Shopp, Simon Drislock, John Eckstein,
George Hiskey, John Domer1, William Schott, John Fry,
James
Ewig, David Winters, William Knott, John Dorcas, Charles Boehm,
Moses, Lawson, John Dehof, John Smith, George Gingerich2,
Christian Smith, John Hugel, William Kinnear, David Long, Peter
Wetzel, George Huffman, John Hafford, John Clopper, Abraham
Hershey, James Rupp, John Haney, Peter Harman, Frederick Gil-
bert, Henry Welcher — 49.
Addressing seats granted to John Winebrenner and John Rebo(?)
and accepted by them.
The names of the following absent members were called and
inquiry made with regard to their character: James Sutton,
Samuel Huber, John Crider, Christian Traub, Abraham Huber,
Thomas Huston, Abraham Herner, Henry Burtner, Herman Ow,
Peter Herman, Abraham Hershey, Jacob Dehof, Jacob Debold,
1The original
transcription records this surname as Dumer.
2The original
transcription records this surname as Liberick.
242 UNITED BRETHREN
David Fleck, William
Abels, John Rider, Conrad Weist, George
Pullam— 18.
Ordained: John Smith, George Hiskey, Moses Lawson, Fred-
erick Gilbert, John Hazel, John Dehof.
Died: Christian Newcomer, Christian Grosh.
Licensed to preach: Herman Houk, Jacob Rhinehart, George
Huffman, Henry Young, Charles Boehm, John Potts, John Haney,
Peter Whitesel.
Itinerants for the year: John Zahn, Ezekiel Boring, Noah Wood-
yard, John Krack, David Winters, James Newman, John Smith,
Moses Lawson, John Dorcas, William Kinnear, John Haney, Charles
Boehm, James Snyder, Thomas Miller, John Hendricks, William
Schott, Andrew Beard, Daniel Denvie.
Jacob Erb and Simon Drislock asked to bring their complaints
before the conference. Nothing being found to justify any action,
the charges were dismissed.
Bro. Drislock gave satisfaction in regard to the difficulties of
last year.
In future Hagerstown Conference shall have the old protocol
and Bro. Hansby shall procure a new book. Bro. Kumler gave
William Brown two dollars for this purpose. He shall procure a
book and transcribe from the old to the new all proceedings of
importance.
1831
Conference at Mill Creek, Shenandoah Co., Va., April 27.
Henry Kumler, bishop; W. R. Rhinehart, secretary; George Geeting,
chairman.
Present: W. R. Rhinehart, Henry Burtner, John Krack, George
Paterson, Jacob Erb, George Geeting, John Zahn, W. Kinnear, Peter
Wetzel, William Miller, Jacob Houk, George Huffman, Noah Wood-
yard, John Haney, Henry Higgins, Jacob Haas, Peter Harman,
William Knott— 18.
Absent: Jacob Dehof, John Hafford, John Clopper, Michael
Thomas, Thomas Miller, John Eckstein, Harmon Houk, Lawrence
Sibert, John Hendricks, Conrad Weist — 10.
John Ruebush and Jonathan Shenley appointed trustees to build
a house on the Hamilton circuit, furnishing it with all necessary
furniture for the accommodation of a married preacher.
The bishop paid in $34.61 — the full sixth part of the money
coming from the benevolent society; also the money from Hide's
estate willed to the conferences of the United Brethren in Christ.
Licensed: Jacob Glossbrenner, Jacob Haas, Frederick Hisey,
William Miller.
Voted that license be taken away from L. Sibert because of con-
duct unbecoming a minister.
CHURCH HISTORY 243
Voted that Jacob Bell, exhorter, be expelled.
Minutes of the Conference ordered to be published.
Motion by W. R. Rhinehart that the vending and distilling of
ardent spirits be entirely expunged from the official body
belonging
to the United Brethren in Christ. Carried.
Conference agreed that Conrad Weist should quit selling liquor
and preach more than he has done; if not, his license to be de-
manded and he be a member of the church no longer.
Voted that the circuit preachers return only the overplus of
the money over and above what the Discipline allows — to be
divided among such preachers as may have failed in getting their
full amount.
Ordained: Peter Harman, Noah Woodyard, Henry Higgins, Wil-
liam Kinnear.
Appointments:
Hagerstown circuit: Jacob Glossbrenner, W. R. Rhinehart.
Mechanicstown: John Miller, George Geeting.
Staunton and Woodstock circuits: John Zahn, Noah Woodyard,
John Haney, Jacob Houk.
Note: — These are the first minutes written in English.
1832
Conference at Hagerstown, Md., April 25.
Henry Kumler, bishop; W. R. Rhinehart, secretary.
Present: W. R. Rhinehart, Henry Burtner, John Zahn, John
Clopper, John Hafford, John Eckstein, Peter Harman, Jacob Day-
hoof, Conrad Weist, Jacob Rhinehart, John Dorcas, William Miller,
Jacob J. Glossbrenner, Noah Woodyard, William Knotts, John
Haney, Henry Nebecker, Charles Boehm, Peter Wetzel — 19.
The brethren from Pennsylvania Conference and those belong-
ing to other churches were admitted to addressing seats.
Licensed: Joseph M, Hershey, George Rimel.
Ordained: John Dorcas, Jacob Rhinehart, John Haney, Wil-
liam Knott, Charles Boehm, Peter Wetzel.
Died: Henry Higgins.
Absent: George Patterson, Jacob Houk, Harmon Houk, Jacob
Haas, Frederick Hisey, Michael Thomas, George Huffman.
Conference divided into two districts, Maryland and Virginia,
each to elect two delegates to represent them in the next General
Conference.
Of the money to the conferences of the German United Breth-
ren in Christ it was agreed that Bishop Kumler should give Valen-
244 UNITED BRETHREN
tine Hiskey "as much as seemeth good to him."
Voted that an English hymn book be published. W. R. Rhine-
hart and John Zahn a committee to examine the selection before its
publication.
On nomination by the bishop, George Patterson was chosen
presiding elder for Virginia, W. R. Rhinehart and Henry Burtner
for the Hagerstown circuit; each of the latter to serve six
months.
Appointments:
Woodstock circuit: George Patterson, John Haney.
Staunton circuit: J. J. Glossbrenner, J. M. Hershey.
Hagerstown circuit: W. R, Rhinehart, H. Burtner, John Dorcas,
Peter Wetzel.
1833
Conference convened at Pleasant Valley, Washington Co., Md., May
17.
Henry Kumler, bishop; George Geeting, chairman; W. R. Rhinehart,
secretary.
Present: Henry Burtner, John Dorcas, Peter Weitzel, John
Hafford, John Clopper, John Haney, George Patterson, Peter Har-
man, John Zahn, John Eckstein, George Rimel, Conrad Weist,
Jacob Rhinehart, William Knott, Henry Nebecker, Jacob Gloss-
brenner, Joseph M. Hershey, Harmon Houk, Jacob Houk, George
Huffman, Samuel Allenbaugh.
Absent: Michael Thomas, Jacob Dehof, Noah Woodyard,
Frederick Hisey; William Knott came "the last day or eleventh
hour."
Admitted to addressing seats: William Brown, Jacob Erb, James
Newman, George Hussey, Samuel Allenbaugh.
Ordained: J. J. Glossbrenner, J. Houk, George Huffman.
Licensed: W. R. Coursey, George A. Shuey.
Presiding elders: William Brown, John Haney.
Of the interest on the Snyder donation, voted $15 to be given
the bishop to defray his traveling expenses, the rest $(10.86) to
John Zahn.
Appointments:
Hagerstown district: William Brown, P. E.
Hagerstown circuit: John Dorcas, W. R. Coursey.
Staunton district: John Haney, P. E.
Staunton circuit: J. J. Glossbrenner, George Rimel.
Woodstock circuit: P. Wetzel, William Knott.
South Branch circuit: J. M. Hershey.
CHURCH HISTORY 245
1834
Conference at Jennings Branch meeting house Churchville, Va.,
April 21.
William Brown, bishop; Henry Baulus, chairman: W. R. Coursey,
secretary.
Present: W. R. Rhinehart, George Geeting, John Dorcas, John
Clopper, Jacob Rhinehart, Samuel Allenbaugh. George Patterson.
John Haney, J. J. Glossbrenner, Jacob Houk. Harmon Houk. Peter
Whitesel, William Knott, George Hoffman. George Shuey, Joseph
M. Hershey, George Rimel, Frederick Hisey, Noah Woodyard — 19.
Transferred: Peter Harmon to Pennsylvania Conference.
Died: Michael Thomas, Jacob Dehof.
George E. Deneale admitted to advisory seat.
Licensed: Jacob Baer, Jacob Bachtel, Francis Eckard; David
Jackson was licensed to preach until the next conference by the
presiding elder.
Ordained: Harmon Houk, Samuel Allenbaugh.
Presiding elders: J. J. Glossbrenner, Virginia district; H. Burt-
ner, Maryland district.
The resolution introduced by W. R. Rhinehart for the publica-
tion of a religious newspaper was adopted.
Noah Woodyard expelled.
Samuel Allenbaugh and G. E. Deneale were each donated $5.
To the preachers deficient on their salary, $7.22 donated.
Appointments:
Hagerstown circuit: J. Haney, W. R. Coursey.
Frederick circuit: J. Dorcas, J. Bachtel.
Staunton circuit: G. Rimel, S. Allenbaugh.
Woodstock circuit: P. Whitesel, W. Knott.
South Branch: J. M. Hershey, J. Baer.
Winchester mission: G. E. Deneale.
1835
Conference at Hickle's schoolhouse, Shenandoah Co., Va., March 18.
William Brown, bishop; Henry Burtner, chairman; W. R. Coursey,
secretary.
Present: George Patterson, Samuel Allenbaugh, Joseph M.
Hershey, George A. Geeting, Jacob Rhinehart, John Haney, William
Knott, Conrad Weist, George B. Rimel, J. J. Glossbrenner, George
E. Deneale, Jacob Eckstein, George A. Shuey, Peter Whitesel, John
246 UNITED BRETHREN
Krack, William R. Coursey, George Huffman, J. Baer, Frederick
Hisey, Francis Eckard, Jacob Bachtel, Jacob C. Houk, John
Haffard— 23.
Absent: George Geeting, John Dorcas, John Eckstein, John
Clopper, John Hafford, Conrad Weist — 6.
Voted that only the licensed preachers be present at the ex-
aminations into the character of preachers.
Ordained: George Rimel, Frederick Hisey, William R. Coursey.
Joseph M. Hershey, George E. Deneale, George A. Shuey.
Samuel Funkhouser from the Pennsylvania Conference ad-
mitted to an advisory seat.
Licensed: Adam Bovey, Jonathan Tobey, Jacob Minser, David
Jackson, Martin L. Fries, David Spessard.
The presiding elder empowered to ask for the license of Conrad
Weist.
A charge against Bro. Dorcas referred to Haney, Deneale and
Jacob Rhinehart, who report he should give up his license, or they
be given power to silence him if he refuse to give complete
satisfaction.
Voted that John Krack of Pennsylvania Conference be trans-
ferred to the Virginia Conference.
The preachers are requested to make an effort to raise money
to help meet the expenses of the new meeting house in Mechanics-
town, Md., after they have met their own demands on a similar
subject.
W. Knott to receive $8 of the benevolent fund, J. M. Hershey,
$4.08.
Appointments:
Maryland Districts: H. Burtner, P. E.
Frederick circuit: John
Krack, W. R. Coursey.
Hagerstown circuit: G.
B. Rimel, J. Baer.
Staunton circuit: Jacob Houk, P. Whitesel.
Woodstock circuit: S. Allenbaugh, J. Tobey.
Winchester: J. Haney, J. Minser.
South Branch: J. Bachtel.
Page mission: G. E. Deneale, M. L. Fries.
CHURCH HISTORY 247
1836
Conference at Geeting meeting house, Md., March 19.
Samuel Hiestand, bishop; W. R. Coursey, secretary.
Licensed to preach: Moses Michael.
Mission opened in Jackson county on Ohio River.
J. J. Glossbrenner, P. E. reported his salary $110.
Appointments:
Staunton District: J. J. Glossbrenner, P. E.
Staunton circuit, P.
Whitesel, D. S. Spessard;
Woodstock circuit, S.
Allenbaugh;
South Branch circuit, J.
Bachtel;
Winchester circuit, J. C. Houk;
Rockland mission, G. A.
Shuey;
Jackson mission, M.
Michael.
Maryland District: J. Rhinehart, P. E.
Hagerstown circuit. G.B. Rimel, M. L. Fries;
Frederick circuit: W.
Knott, J. Tobey.
1837
Conference at Bethel schoolhouse, near the present village of
Chewsville, Md., March 20.
Samuel Hiestand, bishop; G. A. Shuey, secretary.
Members: J. J. Glossbrenner, John Clopper, Moses Michael, Wil-
liam Knott, Jacob C. Houck, David S. Spessard, Charles W. Zahn,
Jacob Rhinehart, John Haffard, Adam I. Bovey, George B. Rimel,
Jacob Bachtel, Jonathan Tobey, George A. Geeting, William R.
Coursey, Jacob Baer, Samuel Allenbaugh, George Patterson, Fred-
erick A. Roper — 19.
Licensed to preach: F. A. Roper, C. W. Zahn.
Ordained: J. Bachtel, J. Baer.
Died: P. Whitesel, M. L. Fries.
J. Bachtel located on account of ill health on the Frederick and
Hagerstown circuits and to be supported by them.
Appointments:
Staunton District: J. J. Glossbrenner, P. E.
Winchester circuit, C.
W. Zahn;
Woodstock circuit, J. C. Houck;
Staunton circuit, W. R. Coursey, G. A. Shuey (6 months);
South Branch circuit, S. Allenbaugh;
Pendleton mission, F. A. Roper;
Jackson mission, M. Michael.
Maryland District
Frederick circuit, G. B.
Rimel;
Hagerstown circuit, W.
Knott.
1838
Conference at Shiloh church near Christian Shuey's, Augusta Co.,
Va., March 21.
Samuel Hiestand, bishop; W. R. Coursey, secretary.
Present: Jacob Rhinehart, David S. Spessard, George Huffman,
248 UNITED BRETHREN
Charles W. Zahn, Francis Eckard, Jacob Markwood, George B.
Rimel, J. J. Glossbrenner, Adam I. Bovey, W. W. McCabe, William
Edwards, William Knott, Jacob C. Houck, Jacob Bachtel, George
A. Shuey, John Richards — 16.
Absent: George A. Geeting, Henry Burtner, Frederick Hisey,
Frederick A. Roper, John Haffard, Jacob Baer, Harmon Houck,
John Clopper, Samuel Allenbaugh, Moses Michael — 10.
Licensed to preach: W. Edwards, J. Richards, J. Bachtel.
Ordained: A. I. Bovey, P. S. Spessard, W. V. McCabe, F. Eckard.
Expelled: F. A. Roper.
Presiding elders: W. R. Coursey, J. Bachtel.
Appointments:
Hagerstown, W. Knott, J. Markwood;
Frederick, G. B. Rimel;
Winchester, P. S. Spessard;
Staunton. W. V. McCabe, W. Edwards;
Woodstock, J. C. Houck;
South Branch, C. W. Zahn;
Shiloh mission, J. J. Glossbrenner.
1839
Conference at Jerusalem church, Frederick Co., Md., February 25.
Jacob Erb, bishop; J. J. Glossbrenner, secretary.
Present: Jacob Rhinehart, Samuel Allenbaugh, Adam I. Bovey,
William Knott, David S. Spessard, John Clopper, Jacob C. Houck,
William Edwards, George A. Geeting, Jacob Markwood, John
Richards, Jacob Baer, George B. Rimel, William R. Coursey, Charles
W. Zahn, George A. Shuey, John Haffard — 17.
Absent: George Patterson, Francis Eckard, Harmon Houck,
George Huffman, Frederick Hisey, Moses Michael, William V. Mc-
Cabe. Jacob Bachtel — 9.
Licensed to preach: Samuel Zehrung, Henry Jones, John Rue-
bush, Jr., R. G. H. Levering.
Home missionary society organized.
Presiding elder: W. R. Coursey, J. Bachtel.
Appointments:
Frederick, George Gilbert, G. A. Shuey;
Hagerstown, C. W. Zahn, J. Markwood;
Winchester, P. S. Spessard;
Woodstock, W. Edwards;
Staunton, J. B. Houck;
South Branch, J. Richards;
Shiloh mission, J. J. Glossbrenner;
Pendleton mission, S. Allenbaugh;
Jackson mission, H. Jones.
1840
Conference at Hickle's schoolhouse, Shenandoah Co., Va., February
3.
Jacob Erb, bishop; J. J. Glossbrenner, secretary.
Present: William R. Coursey, Jacob Bachtel, George B. Rimel,
Frederick Hisey, Jacob B. Houck, Charles W. Zahn, Jacob Rhine-
hart, Samuel Zehrung, John Richards, Henry Burtner, Samuel
CHURCH HISTORY 249
Allenbaugh, George Gilbert, George A. Shuey, John Ruebush, David
Spessard — 16.
Absent: Harmon Houck, Jacob Baer, R. E. H. Levering, Frank-
lin Eckard, Moses Michael, John Clopper, George A. Geeting, Henry
Jones, Adam I. Bovey — 9.
Licensed to preach: Benjamin Stickley, John Pope.
Ordained: C. W. Zahn.
Presiding elders: W. R. Coursey, J. Bachtel.
Appointments:
Frederick, J. J. Glossbrenner, G. A. Shuey;
Hagerstown, G. Gilbert, J. Ruebush;
Winchester, C. W. Zahn;
Rockbridge, P. S. Spessard;
Staunton, Jacob B. Houck;
Woodstock, J. Markwood;
Pendleton mission, S. Allenbaugh;
Jackson mission, H. Jones.
J. Rhinehart transferred to Pennsylvania Conference.
1841
Conference at Rocky Springs, Frederick Co., Md., February 22.
No minutes are known to the compiler.
1842
Conference at Spring Hill, Augusta Co., Va., April 4.
Jacob Erb, bishop; Jacob Markwood, secretary.
Present: William R. Coursey, George B. Rimel, George A. Shuey,
Samuel Zehrung, William Knott, Jacob Bachtel. Jacob B. Houck,
Charles W. Zahn, John Pope, David S. Spessard. George Patterson,
John Ruebush, George Hoffman —13.
Absent: John Richards, Benjamin Stickley. Moses Michael,
Jonathan Tobey, George Gilbert, John Haffard. Frederick Hisey,
William Edwards, Adam I. Bovey, Samuel Allenbaugh. John Clop-
per, Franklin Eckard, John Haney, Jacob Baer — 14.
Licensed to preach: Emanuel Witter, Jacob C. Spitler.
Withdrew irregularly: S. Allenbaugh.
Silenced: F. Eckard.
Ordained: J. Ruebush, S. Zehrung.
Died: G. A. Geeting, aged 61.
Presiding elders: J. J. Glossbrenner (Md.), J. B. Houck (Va.).
Appointments:
Frederick, J. Bachtel, J. Markwood;
Hagerstown, D. S. Spessard;
Winchester, J. Richards;
Staunton, W. R. Coursey, C. W. Zahn;
Woodstock, G. B. Rimel;
South Branch, J. Ruebush;
Pendleton mission, J. Pope.
1843
Conference at Rohrersville, Md., February 14.
Jacob Erb, bishop; D. S. Spessard, secretary.
Present: J. J. Glossbrenner, John Clopper, Benjamin Stickley,
250 UNITED BRETHREN
Joseph S. Grimm, Jonathan Tobey, Jacob Bachtel, John Ruebush,
John Pope, John Richards, Adam I. Bovey, George B. Rimel, Jacob
Baer, Jacob Markwood, Henry Burtner, John Haney — 15.
Absent: William R. Coursey, William Knott, George Patterson,
George A. Shuey, Charles W. Zahn, Samuel Zehrung, George Hoff-
man, Frederick Hisey, William Edwards, Jacob C. Spitler. Moses
Michael, D. Funkhouser — 12.
Advisory members: John Russell, G. Miller, Jacob Rhinehart.
Licensed to preach: James E. Bowersox, John W. Fulkerson,
Andrew J. Coffman, William Lutz.
Received from Pennsylvania Conference: J. Russell, David
Engle.
Ordained: J. Pope, B. Stickley.
Died: J. Huffer, aged 42.
Presiding elders: J. Markwood (Md.), J. B. Houck (Va.).
Appointments:
Frederick, D. S. Spessard;
Hagerstown, J. Bachtel, J. Richards;
Winchester, J. Tobey;
Rockbridge, J. J. Glossbrenner;
Staunton, J. Baer, J. E. Bowersox;
South Branch, J. Ruebush;
Pendleton mission, J. W. Fulkerson.
1844
Conference at Jennings Branch (Churchville), Va., February 6.
Jacob Erb, bishop; Jacob Markwood, secretary.
Present: Henry Burtner, John Richards, Jacob B. Houck. Jacob
C. Spitler, William R. Coursey, George B. Rimel, Adam I. Bovey,
D. Funkhouser, Jacob Bachtel, Jacob Baer, John Ruebush, Joseph
S. Grimm, William Edwards, George A. Shuey, Benjamin Stickley,
Emanuel Witter, J. J. Glossbrenner, Jacob Markwood, James E.
Bowersox, John Pope, William Knott, George Huffman, Charles
W. Zahn, John W. Fulkerson — 24.
Absent: David S. Spessard, John Haney, William Lutz, Jonathan
Tobey, Frederick Hisey, Andrew J. Coffman, John Clopper, Samuel
Zehrung, David Engle — 9.
Admitted: John Gibbons, J. W. Miles, John G. Steward, David
O’Farrell, Joseph Funkhouser.
Restored to good standing: F. Eckard.
Died: G. Patterson.
A Book Concern for the Church at the present time was de-
cidedly opposed.
Presiding elders: J. Markwood, J. B. Houck.
Appointments:
Frederick, P. S. Spessard;
Hagerstown, J. Bachtel, J. Richards;
Winchester, J. Ruebush;
Woodstock, W. R. Coursey;
Staunton, J. J. Glossbrenner, J. Gibbons;
Rockbridge, J. E. Bowersox;
Pendleton mission, B. Stickley;
South Branch, J. W. Fulkerson, J. W. Miles.
CHURCH HISTORY 251
1845
Conference at Jerusalem church, Middletown Valley, Md., February
3.
Jacob Erb, Henry Kumler, bishops; James E. Bowersox. secretary.
Present: Henry Burtner, Charles W. Zahn, D. Funkhouser, John
Gibbons, John Haney, Jacob Markwood. William R. Coursey. J. W.
Miles, Jonathan Tobey, Jacob Bachtel, John Richards, Joseph S.
Grimm, Samuel Zehrung. Jacob B. Houck, Adam I. Bovey, Emanuel
Witter, Jacob C. Spitler, John Clopper, William Knott, David S.
Spessard, John W. Fulkerson, Joseph Funkhouser, Jacob J. Gloss-
brenner, John Ruebush, Benjamin Stickley, John G. Steward — 26.
Absent: Franklin Eckard, Frederick Hisey, George Huffman,
Andrew J. Coffman, William Edwards, John Pope, Jacob Baer,
George A. Shuey, George B. Rimel, William Lutz — 10.
Licensed to preach: Richard Nihiser.
Ordained: J. C. Spitler, E. Witter.
License demanded of F. Eckard because of disobedience and
neglect of duty.
Next General Conference to be petitioned that the boundaries
of this conference be not diminished.
Presiding elders: J. Markwood, W. R. Coursey.
Appointments:
Frederick, J. Ruebush, J. Gibbons;
Hagerstown, J. Bachtel, R. Nihiser;
Winchester, D. S. Spessard;
Woodstock, J. Richards;
Staunton, J. J. Glossbrenner, J. W. Miles;
Rockbridge, J. E. Bowersox;
Franklin, B. Stickley;
South Branch. J. W. Fulkerson.
1846
Conference at Otterbein chapel, Mill Creek, Shenandoah Co., Va., February
6.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; J. E. Bowersox, secretary.
Present: Henry Burtner, Jacob Markwood, John W. Fulkerson,
William Edwards, Jacob C. Spitler, David S. Spessard, Samuel
Zehrung, Jacob B. Houck, Andrew J. Coffman, William R. Coursey,
John Ruebush, James W. Miles, William Lutz, James E. Bowersox,
Jacob Baer, Jacob Rhinehart, Benjamin Stickley, D. Funkhouser,
George A. Shuey, George B. Rimel, John Pope, Joseph Funkhouser,
Jacob Bachtel, John Gibbons, George Huffman, Frederick Hisey — 26.
Absent: Adam I. Bovey. Jonathan Tobey, John Markwood,
Richard Nihiser, John Clopper, David Engle, Emanuel Witter, John
G. Steward, John Haney, Charles W. Zahn, Joseph S. Grimm, Wil-
liam Knott— 13.
Received on transfer: Jacob Rhinehart (from Pennsylvania
Conference), John Markwood (Scioto Conference).
252 UNITED BRETHREN
Ordained: J. W. Fulkerson, A. J. Coffman, W. Lutz, J. E. Bower-
sox, J. Gibbons, J. W. Miles.
Names of C. W. Zahn, J. Richards dropped from roll, they hav-
ing irregularly withdrawn under charges.
H. Burtner re-elected treasurer of the benevolent fund.
"Resolved, that this annual conference express by vote, its
wish
that the bishop itinerate through his district as much as
possible,
and we will do all we can to support him according to Discipline
allowance."
Presiding elders: W. R. Coursey, J. Markwood.
Appointments:
Frederick, G. B. Rimel;
Hagerstown, J. E. Bowersox;
Winchester, W. Edwards;
Woodstock, J. Bachtel;
Staunton, J. Ruebush, R. Nihiser;
Rockbridge, J. W. Miles;
South Branch, J. Gibbons;
Franklin, W. Knott;
Lewis mission, R. Stickley;
Winchester mission, J. W. Fulkerson.
1847
Conference at Mount Hebron (Geeting meeting house), Md., February
18.
William Hanby, bishop; Jacob Markwood, secretary.
Present: Henry Burtner, James E. Bowersox, George B. Rimel,
Benjamin Stickley, Jacob Rhinehart, John Haney, John W. Fulker-
son, Jacob Markwood, William W. Coursey, John Ruebush, John
Clopper, Adam I. Bovey, William Knott, John G. Steward, Joseph
Funkhouser, William Edwards, Jacob Bachtel, Jacob Baer, Joseph
S. Grimm, Jonathan Tobey, James W. Miles, David S. Spessard,
Emanuel Witter— 23.
Absent: George A. Shuey, Jacob R. Houck, Andrew J. Coffman,
Frederick Hisey, George Huffman, D. Funkhouser, John Markwood,
John Pope, Jacob C. Spitler, William Lutz, Samuel Zehrung, David
Engle— 12.
David Edwards, editor of the Telescope, present.
Ordained: J. Funkhouser, J. G. Stewart, J. S. Grimm.
Died: R. Nihiser, J. Gibbons.
Presiding elders: J. Markwood, W. R. Coursey.
Appointments:
Frederick, G. B. Rimel, J. W. Fulkerson;
Hagerstown, J. E. Bowersox, J. W. Miles;
Winchester, J. R. Formelut(?) — by P. E.;
Woodstock, J. Bachtel; Staunton, J. Ruebush;
Rockbridge, D. S. Spessard;
Franklin, W. Knott;
North Franklin, to be supplied;
South Branch, W. Edwards;
Lewis mission, B. Stickley.
1848
Conference at Churchville, Va., January 27.
John Russell, bishop; Jacob Markwood, secretary.
Present: Henry Burtner, James E. Bowersox, Jacob Baer, George
CHURCH HISTORY 253
Huffman, George B. Rimel, John Haney, Samuel Zehrung, Andrew
J. Coffman, William R. Coursey, John Ruebush, John W. Fulker-
son, Jacob Markwood, George A. Shuey, John Pope, Jacob G.
Spitler, Jacob Bachtel, James W. Miles, Benjamin Stickley, Jacob
Rhinehart, William Edwards, Jacob R. Houck, William Knott— 22.
Absent: Jonathan Tobey, John G. Steward, David S. Spessard,
Moses Michael, Adam I. Bovey, William Lutz. Frederick Hisey,
Joseph S. Grimm, Joseph Funkhouser, Emanuel Witter, David Engle,
John Markwood — 12.
Licensed to preach: George W. Statton. George O. Little.
Presiding elders: J. Rhinehart, J. Markwood.
Appointments:
Frederick, W. R. Coursey, G. W. Statton;
Hagerstown, J. W. Fulkerson, J. W. Miles;
Winchester, G. O. Little;
Woodstock, J. Bachtel;
Staunton, W. Knott;
Rockbridge, G. B. Rimel;
Franklin, R. Stickley;
South Branch, J. Ruebush;
Lewis Mission, J. Haney;
Jackson Mission, to be supplied.
1849
Conference at Spessard's schoolhouse (Bethel’s near Hagerstown),
Md., January 25.
John Russell, J. J. Glossbrenner, bishops; J. Markwood, secretary.
Present: William R. Coursey, Jacob Bachtel, Joseph S. Grimm,
Henry Burtner, Jacob Baer, George A. Shuey, David S. Spessard,
Adam I. Bovey, Jonathan Tobey, Jacob Rhinehart, George B. Rimel,
John Haney, James W. Miles, Benjamin Stickley, George W. Stat-
ton, Jacob Markwood, Emanuel Witter, John Ruebush, John W.
Fulkerson, Andrew J. Coffman, Jacob C. Spitler. Joseph Funk-
houser — 22.
Absent: William Knott, Frederick Hisey, John Clopper, Moses
Michael, William Edwards, George Huffman, James E. Bowersox,
John G. Steward, John Pope, Samuel Zehrung, William Lutz, David
Engle, George O. Little, John Markwood— 14.
Licensed to preach: Theodore F. Brashear.
Visiting ministers: Felmolee, Rathfon, Crider, of Pennsylvania.
"Resolved, that each circuit preacher in charge, strictly
dis-
charge his whole duty as explained in the constitution of the Home
Missionary Society, on pain of paying out of his own funds at the
next conference the sum which may be thought proper by said
conference."
Presiding. elders: J. Markwood (Md.), G. B. Rimel (Va.).
Appointments:
Frederick, W. R. Coursey, and one to be supplied;
Hagerstown, J. W. Fulkerson, and one to be supplied;
Winchester, J. W. Miles;
Weaverton Mission, to be supplied by P. E.;
Staunton, J. Bachtel;
Rockbridge, D. S. Spessard;
Woodstock, J. Ruebush;
South Branch, T. F. Brashear;
Franklin, R. Stickley;
Buckhannon, J. Haney;
Jackson, G. W. Statton.
254 UNITED BRETHREN
1850
Conference in Mount Hebron, Shenandoah Co., Va., March 7.
Jacob Erb, bishop: J. C. Spitler, secretary.
Present: Jacob Erb, Henry Burtner, Jacob Bachtel, George B.
Rimel, Jacob C. Spitler, James W. Miles, John Haney, George W.
Statton, John W. Fulkerson, Joseph Funkhouser, Andrew J. Coff-
man, Jacob J. Glossbrenner, William R. Coursey, Jacob Markwood,
John Ruebush, David S. Spessard, Jacob Rhinehart, Adam I. Bovey,
Theodore F. Brashear; Benjamin Stickley, Frederick Hisey, Wil-
liam Lutz — 23.
Absent: Joseph S. Grimm, George A. Shuey, John G. Steward,
William Edwards, John Clopper, John Pope, Daniel Engel, George
Huffman, Jonathan Tobey, Emanuel Witter, Jacob Baer, James
E. Bowersox, John Markwood, William Knott, Moses Michael,
George O. Little— 16.
H. B. Winton received from Sandusky Conference.
Licentiates: Isaac Statton, Abel Randall, John Perry.
A proposition from the Alleghany Conference to cooperate in
building a school at Mount Pleasant, Pa., was voted down, but
there was a declaration in favor of a school in its own boundary
the present year.
Members, 2,816, an increase of 594; 108 Telescopes; paid to
two presiding elders, $441.68; paid by the 11 charges as salaries
of
pastors, $1,935.28.
Two charges have preaching every 3 weeks, seven charges
every 4 weeks.
1851
Conference at Bethlehem church, Augusta Co., Va., March 7.
Jacob Erb, bishop; J. C. Spitler, secretary.
Present: Jacob Erb, Henry Burtner, George B. Rimel, Jacob
Markwood, David S. Spessard, John Haney, John Ruebush, George
W. Statton, George A. Shuey, Jacob J. Glossbrenner, James W.
Miles, George Huffman, Andrew J. Coffman, H. B. Winton, James
E. Bowersox, Joseph Funkhouser, Theodore F. Brashear. Isaac
Statton, John W. Fulkerson, Jacob Baer, Jacob Rhinehart, John
Perry, Benjamin Stickley, William Knott, Jacob C. Spitler— 26.
Absent: William R. Coursey, Joseph S. Grimm, John G. Steward
John Pope, Jonathan Tobey, Moses Michael, Frederick Hisey, Abel
Randall, Emanuel Witter, William Edwards, John Clopper, Daniel
Engel, John Markwood, Jacob B. Houck, Adam I. Bovey, William
Lutz— 16.
Licentiates: William T. Lower, L. W. Mathews.
Virginia District divided into eastern and western sections, the
former containing Woodstock and Staunton circuits and Highland
CHURCH HISTORY 255
mission, and the latter, South Branch, Franklin, Buchanan, and
Jackson circuits.
A mission projected in Nicholas.
The bishop received $62.98.
Directed that the Conference book containing the minutes from
1837 to 1850, together with other documents, be given into the
care of Henry Burtner, who is not to permit any person to take
the book from his house without an order from Conference signed
by the presiding bishop and countersigned by the secretary.
Presiding elders: J. Markwood (Md.), J. Bachtel (E. Va.), J.
W. Miles (W. Va.).
Appointments:
Hagerstown, W. R. Coursey, J. Perry;
Frederick, G. W. Statton, L. W. Mathews;
Winchester, J. Haney, I. Statton;
Weaverton mission, to be supplied by P. E.;
Rockbridge, H. B. Winton;
Staunton, D. S. Spessard;
Woodstock, J. Ruebush;
Highland mission, J. W. Fulkerson;
South Branch, B. Stickley;
Franklin, G. B. Rimel;
Buchanan, T. F. Brashear;
Jackson, W. T. Lower;
Wood county mission, to be supplied by P. E.
Members, 2,956; Telescope, 218; Sunday Schools, 21; missions,
$112; salaries of presiding elders — Markwood, $264 Miles, $147.
1852
Conference at Rohrersville, Md., February 27.
Jacob Erb, bishop; Jacob Markwood, secretary.
Present: Jacob J. Glossbrenner, Henry Burtner, William R.
Coursey, Jacob Bachtel, John Ruebush, James W. Miles, Theodore
F. Brashear, Jacob Rhinehart, David S. Spessard, William T.
Lower, John Perry, Jacob Erb, Adam I. Bovey, Jacob B. Houck,
Jacob Markwood, Jonathan Tobey, Benjamin Stickley, John Haney,
H. B. Winton, Joseph S. Grimm, L. W. Mathews, Emanuel Witter— 22.
Absent: George B. Rimel, William Knott, John Clopper, James
E. Bowersox, John W. Fulkerson, Moses Michael, Jacob Markwood,
Jacob Baer, George A. Shuey, Frederick Hisey, George W. Statton,
George Huffman, John G. Steward, John Pope, Abel Randall, Wil-
liam Lutz, Jacob C. Spitler, Andrew J. Coffman, Joseph Funkhouser,
Daniel Engel— 20.
"No deaths, no ordinations, no transfers, no suspensions, no
expulsions."
Resolutions of loyalty to the church law on slavery were passed,
the institution being denounced as criminal.
J. B. Resler, agent from Mount Pleasant College.
J. Markwood, J. Bachtel, E. Witter, S. Deaner, S. Rohrer, W.
Shuey appointed trustees to cooperate with Alleghany Conference
in establishing Mount Pleasant College.
256 UNITED BRETHREN
Presiding elders: J. Markwood (Md.) J. Bachtel (E. Va.), J. W.
Miles (W. Va.).
Appointments:
Frederick, G. W. Statton, W. T. Lower;
Hagerstown, H. B. Winton, D. S. Spessard;
Winchester, L. W. Mathews, I. K. Statton;
Woodstock, W. R. Coursey;
Staunton, J. Ruebush;
Rockbridge, J. W. Fulkerson;
Highland mission, T. F. Brashear;
Franklin, G. B. Rimel;
South Branch, J. Haney;
Buchannon, B. Stickley;
Jackson, J. Perry;
Wood mission, E. McGlaughlin.
1853
Conference at Mount Hebron, Hardy Co., Va.
J. Erb. J. J. Glossbrenner, bishops; J. Markwood, secretary.
Present: William R. Coursey, Henry Burtner, Jacob Bachtel,
Jacob Markwood, George B. Rimel, John Ruebush, James W. Miles,
Benjamin Stickley, W. B. Winton, Joseph Funkhouser, Moses
Michael, John Perry, John Pope, Abel Randall, John G. Steward,
George W. Statton, Isaac Statton, W. T. Lower, L. W. Mathews — 19.
Absent: Jonathan Tobey, Jacob Rhinehart, Emanuel Witter,
Frederick Hisey, William Knott, Jacob C. Spitler, Jacob Baer, John
Markwood, E. McGlaughlin, Adam I. Bovey, Jacob B. Houck, Joseph
S. Grimm, William Lutz, George Huffman, George A. Shuey, James
E. Bowersox, Daniel Engel, David S. Spessard — 18.
Advisory member: J. B. Resler.
Presiding elders made agents of Mount Pleasant College and
directed to secure subscriptions and scholarships.
Next General Conference to be asked "to obtain a board of
trustees for our printing establishment, now at Circleville, O.,
selected out of several conferences."
Licentiates: J. F. Statton, Levi Hess, John Phillips.
William Edwards transferred to Iowa Conference.
Ordained: M. Michael, I. K. Statton, W. T. Lower, L. W.
Mathews, J. Perry, A. Randall.
Sunday addresses in German and English by Bishops Erb and
Glossbrenner.
Presiding elders: J. Markwood, W. T. Lower, J. Ruebush.
Changes in name: Staunton circuit to Rockingham; Rockbridge
to Churchville; Winchester divided, the northern part being called
Bath circuit.
Appointments:
Frederick, J. Bachtel, I. K. Statton;
Hagerstown, H. B. Winton, J. Perry;
Winchester, G. W. Statton;
Bath, L. W. Mathews;
Woodstock, W. R. Coursey, A. Graham;
Rockingham, T. F. Brashear;
Churchville, J. W. Fulkerson;
Highland, J. Haney;
Franklin, J. W. Miles;
South Branch, G. B. Rimel;
Buckhannon,
B. Stickley;
Jackson, I. K. Statton;
Wood mission, J. Phillips;
West Columbia, _____.
CHURCH HISTORY 257
1854
Conference at New Jerusalem church, Edinburg, Va., February 9.
Moses Michael, secretary.
Advisory members: J. C. Bright, H. Kumler, Jr.
Hagerstown circuit made a station; Woodstock and Rocking-
ham thus divided into three circuits — all north of Mill Creek to
constitute Woodstock circuit, all north of Dayton and Whitesel's
to constitute Lacey Spring circuit, the remainder to be called
Rockingham.
Buckhannon divided into two circuits, and a mission opened in
Nicholas county.
South River mission organized, and to include the Forge and
Mowery's schoolhouse.
Licentiates: Henry Tallhelm, Samuel Martin.
Note:— These minutes unsigned and evidently incomplete.
1855
Conference at Myersville, Md., January 29.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; M. Michael, secretary.
Present: Jacob Bachtel, John Ruebush, Benjamin Stickley, Theo-
dore F. Brashear, W. T. Lower, J. Haney, George W. Statton, John
W. Perry, Henry Tallhelm, Jonathan Tobey, James W. Miles, Jacob
B. Houck, Jacob Markwood, John W. Fulkerson, H. B. Winton,
George B. Rimel, L. W. Mathews, Isaac K. Statton, John Phillips,
Levi Hess, Joseph S. Grimm, Samuel Martin — 22.
Absent: George A. Shuey, James E. Bowersox, John Pope, Daniel
Engel, J. F. Statton, Henry Burtner, Emanuel Witter, Abel Randall,
Jacob C. Spitler — 9.
Visiting minister: John Dickson of Pennsylvania.
Licentiates: William M. H. Cain, J. P. White, Zebedee Warner,
Isaiah Baltzell, Benjamin Denton.
John F. Statton transferred to any Western Conference.
Died: J. Rhinehart, J. Baer.
Ordained: L. Hess, J. Phillips.
Resolution adopted favorable to Mount Pleasant College.
J. Markwood appointed to solicit within the conference bounds
subscriptions to erect a church at Frederick, Md.
Hartford City made a station.
Parkersburg mission projected.
Resolutions in favor of missionary work, as were passed in
previous sessions.
Conference book transferred from Henry Burtner to Jacob
Bachtel. J. C. Spitler and W. R. Coursey a committee to examine
it.
Presiding elders: J. Bachtel, G. W. Statton, W. R. Coursey.
Appointments:
Frederick, W. T. Lower;
Myersville, T. F. Brashear
258 UNITED BRETHREN
Hagerstown, J. W. Miles, A. Y. Graham;
Winchester, L. Hess; Bath, H. Tallhelm;
Churchville, I. K. Station;
Rockingham, G. B. Rimel;
Lacey Spring, J. Ruebush;
Woodstock, J. Haney;
South Branch, L. W. Mathews;
Franklin, B. Stickley;
Highland, J. Phillips;
Waynesboro mission, J. B. Houck;
West Columbia station, Z. Warner;
Hartford, W. M. Cain;
Mason, M. Michael;
Glenville, Samuel Martin;
Buckhannon, I. Baltzell;
Middle Island, to be supplied.
1856
Conference at Otterbein Chapel, Shenandoah Co., Va., March 15.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; J. Markwood, secretary.
Present: John Haney, Levi Hess, James W. Miles, John Phillips,
Abel Randall, Henry Tallhelm, William Lutz, Joseph Funkhouser,
Isaiah Baltzell, Zebedee Warner, Jacob B. Houck, George Huffman,
John Pope, William R. Coursey, George B. Rimel, Frederick Hisey,
Jacob Bachtel, Jacob Markwood, Benjamin Stickley, John Ruebush,
H. B. Winton, W. T. Lower, Theodore F. Brashear, L. W. Mathews,
George W. Statton— 25.
Absent: Henry Burtner, George A. Shuey, John W. Fulkerson,
W. M. K. Cain, Isaac K. Station, Jonathan Tobey, Emanuel Witter,
William Knott, John W. Perry, James E. Bowersox, Moses Michael,
J. White, Joseph S. Grimm, Adam I. Bovey, Samuel Martin, Daniel
Engel— 16.
J. W. Fulkerson transferred to Iowa Conference.
Died: J. C. Spitler, Benjamin Denton.
Licentiates: C. B. Hammack, G. W. Albaugh, Jacob A. Bovey,
Eli Martin (Baptist), H. R. Davis, William Yerkey, William James.
Ordained: H. Tallhelm, I. Bachtel, Z. Warner.
Presiding elders: J. Bachtel (Md.), J. Markwood (E. Va.), M.
Michael (W. Va.).
Appointments:
Frederick, W. T. Lower;
Myersville, I. K. Statton;
Hagerstown, W. R. Coursey, C. B. Hammack;
Otterbein mission, H. B. Winton;
Bath, J. Haney;
Woodstock, L. W. Mathews, H. Tallhelm;
Lacey Spring, T. F. Brashear;
Rockingham, G. B. Rimel;
Churchville. G. W. Statton, I. Baltzell;
Highland, J. A. Bovey (by P. E.);
Franklin, B. Stickley;
South Branch, J. Phillips;
Brock's Gap mission, J. Pope;
Tennessee mission, J. Ruebush;
West Columbia station, Eli Martin;
Union station, W. M. K. Cain;
Putnam, H. R. Davis;
Middle Island, L. Hess;
Glenville, W. Yerkey;
Lewis, S. Martin;
Taylor, J. P. White;
California mission, W. Miles.
1857
Conference at Mount Hebron church, Washington Co., Md., March 5.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; J. Markwood, secretary.
CHURCH HISTORY 259
Present: William R. Coursey, Adam I. Bovey, John Haney,
Benjamin Stickley, George B. Rimel, Jonathan Tobey, Jacob Bach-
tel, John Ruebush, George W. Statton, L. W. Mathews, H. B. Win-
ton, Theodore F. Brashear, W. T. Lower, Joseph Funkhouser,
George A. Shuey, Isaac K. Statton, Joseph S. Grimm, John W. Perry,
Isaiah Baltzell, Henry Tallhelm, C. B. Hammack, John Phillips,
J. P. White, Jacob A. Bovey, James W. Miles, G. W. Albaugh,
Zebedee Warner, Levi Hess — 28.
Absent: Frederick Hisey, Jacob B. Houck, George Hoffman,
Emanuel Witter, Abel Randall, Samuel Martin, E. Martin, Daniel
Engel, William Lutz, Moses Michael, John Pope, W. Yerkey,
H. R. Davis — 13.
Licentiates: J. D. Freed, J. W. Nihiser, J. F. Hott.
Transferred: W. M. K. Cain, M. Michael.
D. H. Keedy received from Alleghany Conference.
Benevolent Fund, $940.85.
Presiding elders: W. R. Coursey (Md.), J. Markwood (E. Va.),
B. Stickley (W. Va.).
Appointments:
Frederick and Myersville, I. K. Statton, J. Bovey;
Hagerstown, L. W. Mathews, D. H. Keedy;
Hagerstown station, W. T. Lower;
Winchester, I. Baltzell;
Otterbein station, J. Tobey;
Alleghany mission, J. Phillips;
Woodstock, H. Burtner;
Lacey Spring, H. Tallhelm;
Rockingham, T. E. Brashear;
Churchville, G. W. Statton, C. B. Hammack;
Highland, J. W. Howe (by P. E.);
Franklin, J. D. Freed;
South Branch, G. B. Rimel;
Blue Red mission, to be supplied;
Taylor, Z. Warner;
Lewis, J. W. Miles;
Glenville, J. W. Nihiser;
Putnam, J. W. Young (by P. E.);
Middle Island, J. P. White;
West Columbia, J. Bachtel;
California mission, W. Miles;
Parkersburg mission, W. James.
1858
Conference at Mount Tabor church, Va., February 25.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; J. Markwood, H. B. Winton,
secretaries.
Present: William R. Coursey, Isaac K. Statton, George W. Stat-
ton, Theodore F. Brashear, W. T. Lower, Isaiah Baltzell, L. W.
Mathews, John Ruebush, Jacob A. Bovey, Frederick Hisey, George
B. Rimel, Joseph Funkhouser, William Lutz, Joseph S. Grimm, Jacob
F Hott, George Hoffman, Abel Randall, John Pope, Benjamin
Stickley, Jacob B. Houck, H. B. Winton, J. W. Nihiser, J. D.
Freed,
G. W. Albaugh — 24.
Absent: Adam I. Bovey, George A. Shuey, Jonathan Tobey,
D. D. Keedy, C. B. Hammack, James E. Bowersox, Henry Tallhelm,
John Phillips — 8.
The name of J. Phillips dropped from roll, he having joined
another conference.
260 UNITED BRETHREN
J. E. Bowersox transferred to Iowa Conference.
Licentiates: George W. Rexrode, Jacob Rodruck, John W. Howe,
Joseph Holcomb.
Endorsement of N. Altman's attempt to build an English-speak-
ing church in Baltimore and promise of financial help.
The union of Otterbein University and Mount Pleasant College
approved; trustees thereof: J. J. Glossbrenner (3 years), J. Mark-
wood (2 years), H. B. Winton (1 year).
Ordained: J. A. Bovey, J. W. Nihiser.
Appropriated for Tennessee mission, $100; for Hagerstown mis-
sion, $150.
Appointments:
Hagerstown mission station, L. W. Mathews, I. Baltzell;
Frederick, I. K. Station, S. Evers;
Otterbein station, D. H. Keedy;
Winchester, C. B. Hammack;
Woodstock, H. B. Winton;
Lacey Spring, J. A. Bovey;
Rockingham, T. F. Brashear, H. Tallhelm;
Churchville, G. W. Statton;
Franklin, J. D. Freed;
Union, J. W. Nihiser;
Brock's Gap, J. K. Nelson (by P. E.);
Claysville mission, B. Stickley;
Rockbridge mission, J. W. Howe;
Highland mission, J. Holcomb;
Tennessee, J. Ruebush.
1859
Conference at Rohrersville, Md., February 26.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; J. Markwood, H. B. Winton,
secretaries.
Present: William R. Coursey, H. B. Winton, L. W. Mathews,
Isaac K. Statton, Jacob A. Bovey, George B. Rimel, Benjamin Stick-
ley, Theodore F. Brashear, W. T. Lower, Joseph Holcomb, Joseph
Funkhouser, Henry Tallhelm, Jonathan Tobey, Joseph S. Grimm,
J. W. Nihiser, G. W. Albaugh, C. B. Hammack, Isaiah Baltzell, D.
D.
Keedy, Jacob F. Hott, John W. Howe — 21.
Absent: George W. Statton, George Huffman, Frederick Hisey,
Abel Randall, J. D. Freed, George W. Rexrode, George W. Shuey,
William Lutz, John Ruebush, Adam I. Bovey, John Pope, Jacob
Rodruck — 12.
Dr. F. S. McNeil received from Miami Conference.
A. Randall transferred to Iowa Conference; I. Baltzell to Pennsyl-
vania Conference.
J. B. Houck withdrew to join the Methodist Episcopal Church,
South; died as a preacher therein about 1884.
Ordained: C. B. Hammack, D. D. Keedy, J. F. Hott, G. W. Albaugh.
Presiding elders: H. B. Winton (Md.), J. Markwood (Va.).
Appointments:
Hagerstown station, W. T. Lower;
Hagerstown circuit, I. K. Statton, J. Delpha;
Frederick, L. W. Mathews, W. A
CHURCH HISTORY 261
Jackson;
Winchester, C. B. Hammack;
Woodstock, J. A. Bovey;
Lacey Spring, H. Tallhelm;
Rockingham, G. W. Statton;
Churchville, T. F. Brashear, S. Evers;
Highland, J. W. Howe;
Franklin, J. D. Freed;
Claysville mission, B. Stickley.
1860
Conference at Churchville, Va., February 23.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; J. Markwood, secretary.
Present: William R. Coursey, John Ruebush, George B. Rimel,
George W. Statton, Theodore F. Brashear, Henry Tallhelm, John
W. Howe, S. Evers, G. W. Albaugh, George W. Rexrode, Benjamin
Stickley, George A. Shuey, George Hoffman, H. B. Winton, W. T.
Lower, Joseph Funkhouser, C. B. Hammack, J. D. Freed, J. W,
Nihiser, Joseph Holcomb — 22.
Absent: L. W. Mathews, Joseph S. Grimm, William Lutz. John
Pope, J. Delpha, J. Hensley, Adam I. Bovey, Frederick Hisey.
Jonathan Tobey, Jacob F. Hott, Jacob Rodruck — 10.
J. Hensley transferred to Parkersburg Conference.
I. Baltzell returned his transfer to Pennsylvania Conference.
Died: J. A. Bovey.
Licentiate: W. A. Jackson.
Ordained: J. W. Howe.
Benevolent Fund, $436.21.
Presiding elders: H. B. Winton (Md.), J. Markwood (Va.).
Appointments:
Frederick, L. W. Mathews, T. Bushong;
Hagerstown, I. K. Statton, W. A. Jackson;
Hagerstown, W. T. Lower;
Winchester, J. D. Freed;
Woodstock, C. B. Hammack;
Lacey Spring, H. Tallhelm;
Rockingham, G. W. Statton;
Churchville, T. F. Brashear;
Highland and Franklin, J. W. Howe, C. T. Stearn;
Claysville mission, B. Stickley;
Augusta, G. W. Rexrode.
Missionary appropriations: $290.
1861
Conference at Hagerstown, Md., January 24.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; J. Markwood, L. W. Mathews,
secretaries.
Present: William R. Coursey, Theodore F. Brashear, Isaiah
Baltzell, Jonathan Tobey, W. A. Jackson, G. W. Albaugh, H. B.
Winton, Isaac K. Statton, Joseph S. Grimm, D. D. Keedy, F. S.
McNeil,
George W. Statton, Henry Tallhelm, J. W. Nihiser, Jacob F. Hott,
Joseph Holcomb, Benjamin Stickley, W. T. Lower, C. B. Hammack,
John W. Howe, J. D. Freed, Joseph Funkhouser — 22.
Absent: Adam I. Bovey, John Ruebush, George W. Rexrode.
George B. Rimel, William Lutz, John Pope, George A. Shuey, E.
Evers, Frederick Hisey, George Huffman, J. Delpha — 11.
262 UNITED BRETHREN
Licentiates: T. Bushong, J. Harp.
Ordained: J. M. Rodruck.
In treasury, $443.71. Ordered paid the widow of J. A. Bovey, $100.
Presiding elder: J. Markwood.
Appointments:
Hagerstown, G. W. Statton;
Hagerstown circuit,
W. R. Coursey, W. T. Lower;
Frederick, I. Baltzell, T. Bushong;
Woodstock, T. F. Brashear;
Lacey Spring, L. W. Mathews (resigned — supply by J. W. Howe);
Rockingham, H. Tallhelm;
Churchville, C. B. Hammack;
Highland, A. I. Bovey;
Franklin, J. W. Howe (resigned — supplied by A. M. Myers);
Claysville, J. W. Nihiser;
Augusta, W. A. Jackson, A. M. Evers;
Alleghany mission, J. M. Rodruck.
1862
Northern Section
Conference met at Mount Carmel church, Washington Co., Md.,
February 2.
J. Markwood, bishop; D. D. Keedy, secretary.
Present: William R. Coursey, George W. Statton, Jonathan
Tobey, J. Harp, H. B. Winton, T. S. McNeil, W. T. Lower, Isaiah
Baltzell, Jacob S. Grimm, G. W. Albaugh, W. A. Jackson, T.
Bushong — 12.
Absent: Isaac K. Statton, J. Delpha, L. W. Mathews— 3.
Transfers given to H. B. Winton, Isaiah Baltzell, Isaac K.
Statton.
Three charges, 17 meeting houses, 100 Telescopes, 957 members;
salaries and presents to preachers, $2,240.
Presiding elder: W. R. Coursey.
Appointments: Frederick, W. T. Lower;
Hagerstown circuit, W. R. Coursey, T. Bushong;
Hagerstown station, G. W. Statton.
1862
Southern Section
Conference at Edinburg, Va., February 14.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; C. B. Hammack, secretary.
Licentiates: H. A. Bovey, J. W. Hott, J. K. Nelson, C. T. Steam,
A. M. Evers, J. M. Canter.
Ordained: G. W. Rexrode, J. D. Freed, J. Holcomb.
Presiding elder: T. F. Brashear.
Appointments:
Churchville, C. B. Hammack;
Augusta, G. W. Rexrode;
Lacey Spring, J. W. Howe, G. H. Snapp;
Woodstock, G. B. Rimel;
South Branch, J. D. Freed;
Winchester, J. K. Nelson;
Franklin, H. A. Bovey;
Highland, C. T. Stearn;
Alleghany, J. M. Rodruck;
Rockbridge, A. M. Evers;
Rockingham, H. Tallhelm.
CHURCH HISTORY 263
1863
Northern Section
Conference at Georgetown, Frederick Co., Md., February 20.
J. Markwood, bishop; D. D. Keedy, secretary.
Present: William R. Coursey, George W. Statton, G. W. Al-
baugh, J. Harp, J. D. Freed, J. W. Nihiser, W. T. Lower Jonathan
Tobey, T. S. McNeil, T. Bushong, J. M. Rodruck, J. W. Hott, J.
Delpha — 14.
Absent: L. W. Mathews, Benjamin Stickley, Jacob V. Hott, W.
A. Jackson, C. T. Stearn, J. K. Nelson — 6.
Licentiate: J. W. Grimm.
Ordained: T. F. Bushong.
W A Jackson transferred to Pennsylvania Conference; L. W.
Mathews, B. Stickley, C. T. Stearn given open transfers to any
Western conference.
Presiding elder: J. Tobey.
Appointments:
Frederick, W. T. Lower, J. W. Grimm;
Hagerstown, G. W. Statton and one to be supplied;
Hagerstown mission, H. B. Winton;
Winchester, J. K. Nelson, J. W. Hott;
South Branch, J. D. Freed;
Alleghany, J. M. Rodruck.
1863
Southern Section
Conference at Keezletown, Va., February 27.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; C. B. Hammack, secretary.
Licentiate: J. W. Kiracofe.
Ordained: A. M. Evers.
Appropriation of $100 for Benevolent Fund to Mrs. J. A. Bovey.
1864
Northern Section
Conference at Boonsboro, Md., February 19.
J. J. Glossbrenner, J. Markwood, bishops; D. D. Keedy secretary.
Present: Jonathan Tobey, George W. Statton, T.S McNeil,
D. D. Keedy T. Bushing, J. Harp, James W. Hott, William R.
Coursey, W. T. Lower, J. D. Freed, J. M. Rodruck, G. W. Albaugh,
Jacob S. Grimm, J. K. Nelson, Jacob F. Hott, J. W. Grimm – 16,
Absent: J. W. Nihiser, J. Delpha, Adam I. Bovey — 3.
The widow Bovey granted $72.
Ordained: J. K. Nelson, J. W. Hott, J. Harp.
An increase of 272 members.
Appointments: J. Tobey, P. E.;
Hagerstown, G. W. Statton, J. D. Freed;
Hagerstown station, C. T. Stearn;
Frederick, W. T. Lower, J. W. Grimm;
Winchester, J. K. Nelson, J. W. Hott;
Alleghany, J. M. Rodruck.
264 UNITED BRETHREN
1864
Southern Section
Conference at Friedens church, Rockingham Co., Va., March 11.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; C. B. Hammack, secretary.
Bishop Glossbrenner to act as P. E.
Ordained: H. A. Bovey, J. M. Canter, J. W. Kiracofe.
Licentiates: W. J. Miller, G. H. Snapp.
A prominent feature was the experience meeting Sunday morning the
13th.
Appointments:
Lacey Spring, C. B. Hammack, A. M. Evers;
Rockingham, J. W. Howe;
Churchville, H. A. Bovey;
Woodstock, H. Tallhelm;
Highland, J. W. Kiracofe, J. J. Potter (?);
Augusta, G. W. Rexrode.
1865
Northern Section
Conference at Myersville, Md., February 17.
J. Markwood, H. Kumler, bishops; D. D. Keedy secretary.
Present: William R. Coursey, Adam I. Bovey, W. T. Lower,
J. M. Rodruck, Jacob S. Grimm, J. K. Nelson, James W. Hott, Jona-
than Tobey, George W. Statton, J. D. Freed, J. W. Grimm, J. Harp,
Jacob F. Hott, T. S. McNeil, G. W. Albaugh — 15.
Absent: J. Nihiser, J. Delpha — 2.
C. T. Stearn received from Rock River Conference.
Licentiates: W. O. Grimm, P. H. Thomas.
Ordained: W. O. Grimm(?), P. H. Thomas(?).
Presiding elder: G. W. Statton.
Appointments:
Frederick, C. T. Stearn, J. W. Grimm;
Hagerstown, G. W. Statton, J. D. Freed;
Hagerstown station, T. W. Lower;
Winchester, J. K. Nelson and one to be supplied;
Martinsburg, J. W. Hott;
Alleghany, J. M. Rodruck.
1865
Southern Section
Conference at Mount Zion, Augusta Co., Va., March 7.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; C. B. Hammack, secretary.
Collected for bishop $500 in Confederate money, supposed to be
equivalent to $20 in gold.
Acting presiding elder: J. J. Glossbrenner.
Much of the session taken up in reading essays and discussing
them.
Appointments appear to have been about the same as in 1864.
1866
Conference at Rohrersville, Md., February 8.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; C. B. Hammack, secretary.
CHURCH HISTORY 265
Present: Jacob J. Glossbrenner, J. K. Nelson, Dr. J. I. McNeil,
Jacob Markwood, J. Harp, James W. Hott, Henry Tallhelm, J. W.
Grimm, D. D. Keedy W. J. Miller, J. W. Nihiser, C. B. Hammack,
William Lutz, Adam I. Bovey, J. D. Freed, John W. Howe, George
Huffman, H. A. Bovey, A. M. Evers, Jacob F. Hott, George H. Snapp,
J. M. Rodruck, Jonathan Tobey, J. S. Grimm, George W. Statton,
W. T. Lower, C. T. Stearn, George W. Albaugh — 30.
Absent: William R. Coursey, P. H. Thomas, J. M. Canter, J.
Holcomb, George A. Shuey, Joseph Funkhouser, George B. Rimel,
J. Delpha, John Pope — 9.
Visiting ministers: S. Lindsay (agent Otterbein University),
D. Eberly, J. C. Smith, I. Baltzell, William Evers, D. E. Morris,
Henry Kumler.
Licentiate: J. E. Hott.
Granted transfers: G. B. Rimel, J. M. Canter.
J. Funkhouser withdrew to join Methodist Episcopal Church, South.
A resolution to raise within the first three months of the year
the share of the debt of the Book Concern apportioned by the
General Conference.
Missionary money received, $540.88.
Benevolent Fund, $363.58.
Resolutions passed sympathizing with Bishop Markwood in his
severe illness, and endorsing Otterbein University and Cottage
Hill College at York, Pa.
1867
Conference at Boonsboro, Md., February 7.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; C. B. Hammack, secretary.
Present: Jacob J. Glossbrenner. W. T. Lower, George W. Al-
baugh, J. K. Nelson, J. Harp, Henry Tallhelm, D. D. Keedy George
W. Rexrode, W. J. Miller, C. B. Hammack, J. D. Freed, George
Huffman, A. M. Evers, George H. Snapp, Jonathan Tobey, J. E.
Hott, J. Delpha, J. L. Grimm, George W. Statton, C. T. Stearn, J. W.
Kiracofe, Dr. T. S. McNeil, James W. Hott, J. W. Grimm, W. O.
Grimm, P. H. Thomas, J. W. Nihiser, Adam I. Bovey, John W.
Howe, H. A. Bovey, Jacob F. Hott, J. M. Rodruck, J. S. Grimm,
George A. Shuey, George W. Howe, S. Scott — 36.
Absent: Jacob Markwood, J. Holcomb, William R. Coursey,
William Lutz, John Pope — 5.
Visiting ministers: Z. Warner, J. Perry, L. Hess, W. A. Jackson,
Dr. Fetterhoff, Ex-Bishop Russell.
Licensed to preach: George W. Howe, J. L. Grimm, Snowden Scott.
Transferred to Rock River Conference: W. R. Coursey, J. Tobey.
266 UNITED BRETHREN
Presiding elder: G. W. Statton.
Died: J. Bachtel.
Agreement to cooperate with other conferences in procuring
a parsonage in Baltimore for the bishop.
Appointments:
Frederick, J. D. Freed, J. Delpha;
Boonsboro, A. M. Evers, J. L. Grimm;
Myersville, C. T. Stearn;
Hagerstown, C. B. Hammack, J. E. Hott;
Bath, J. K. Nelson;
Alleghany, J. W. Nihiser;
South Branch, J. M. Rodruck;
Winchester, P. H. Thomas;
Woodstock, J. W. Hott;
Lacey Spring, J. W. Howe;
Churchville, J. W. Kiracofe, J. W. Grimm;
Highland, G. W. Howe;
Martinsburg mission, W. T. Lower;
Pleasant Grove, H. Tallhelm;
Eastern Virginia, W. J. Miller;
Rockbridge, to be supplied;
Conference book agent, George Huffman.
1868
Conference at Martinsburg, W. Va., February 7.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; W. O. Grimm, C. T. Stearn,
secretaries.
Present: Jacob J. Glossbrenner, George W. Statton, William T.
Lower, C. T. Stearn, George W. Albaugh, J. W. Kiracofe, J. K.
Nelson, T. S. McNeil, J. Harp, James W. Hott, Henry Tallhelm,
J. W. Grimm, D. D. Keedy J. S. Grimm, George A. Shuey, J. L.
Grimm,
William O. Grimm, P. H. Thomas, William J. Miller, J. W. Nihiser,
C. B. Hammack, Adam I. Bovey, John W. Howe, George Huffman,
H. A. Bovey, A. M. Evers, Jacob F. Hott, George H. Snapp, J. M.
Rodruck, J. E, Hott, John W. Howe, Snowden Scott— 32.
Absent: William Lutz, Jacob Markwood, George W. Rexrode,
J. Holcomb, John Pope, J. D. Freed — 6.
Died: J. Pope, J. Delpha.
Visiting ministers: W. J. Shuey, J. Tobey, D. O’Farrell, I.
Baltzell, D. Eberly.
Conference divided into Potomac and Shenandoah Valley dis-
tricts, with G. W. Statton presiding elder for the first; J. W.
Howe
for the second.
Ordained: William J. Miller.
Received on transfer: I. Baltzell, Levi Hess, Jonathan Tobey.
Appointments:
Frederick, J. W. Kiracofe, J. S. Grimm;
Myersville, A. M. Evers;
Boonsboro, C. T. Stearn, W. O. Grimm;
Hagerstown, C. B. Hammack, A. Hoover;
Martinsburg, W. T. Lower;
Back Creek mission, J. K. Nelson;
Bath, G. W. Howe;
South Branch. J. M. Rodruck;
Alleghany, G. H. Snapp;
Winchester, P. H. Thomas;
Woodstock, J. W. Grimm;
Lacey Spring, H. A. Bovey;
Rockingham, J. E. Hott;
Churchville, J. W. Hott;
Highland, G. W. Rexrode;
Pleasant Grove, H. Tallhelm;
Page Valley mission, W. J. Miller;
Eastern Virginia, to be supplied;
book agent, George Huffman.
Benevolent Fund, $532.88.
CHURCH HISTORY 267
1869
Conference at Otterbein chapel, Shenandoah Co., Va., February 11.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; A. M. Evers, secretary.
Present: Jacob J. Glossbrenner, William T. Lower, George W.
Albaugh, Dr. T. S. McNeil, Henry Tallhelm, P. H. Thomas, J. W.
Nihiser, John W. Howe, H. A. Bovey, James W. Hott, J. E. Hott,
J. L. Grimm, Isaiah Baltzell, Dr. Levi Hess, J. W. Grimm, Jacob
Mark-
wood, G. T. Stearn, J. W. Kiracofe, Jacob F. Hott, William O.
Grimm,
William J. Miller, C. B. Hammack, George Huffman, J. M. Rodruck,
George W. Howe, Snowden Scott, William Lutz, J. D. Freed, J.
Holcomb — 30.
Absent: J. K. Nelson, J. D. Keedy. G. H. Snapp, George A.
Shuey, J. Harp, A. I. Bovey, J. E. Grimm, George W. Rexrode,
George
W. Statton — 9.
Licentiates: G. Harman, A. Hoover, W. H. Burtner.
Benevolent Fund, $623.88.
Collected for missions, $647.
Presiding elders: J. W. Howe (Potomac District), G. W. Statton
(S. V. District).
Appointments: Winchester, P. H. Thomas;
Woodstock, J. D. Friend;
Lacey Spring, H. A. Bovey;
Rockingham, J. L. Grimm;
East Rockingham, C. B. Hammack;
Churchville, J. W. Hott;
Page Valley mission, W. J. Miller;
East Virginia, G. J. Roudabush (by P. E.);
Rockbridge, A. Hoover;
Straight Creek, J. W. Nihiser;
Freedmen's mission, to be supplied by P. E.;
Frederick, H. Tallhelm, J. E. Hott;
Myersville, A. M. Evers;
Boonsboro, C. T. Stearn, G. H. Snapp;
Hagerstown, J. W. Kiracofe; Hagerstown mission
station, I. Baltzell;
Martinsburg, W. T. Lower;
Back Creek mission, J. K. Nelson;
Bath, G. W. Howe;
Alleghany, J. M. Rodruck;
South Branch, J. W. Grimm.
1870
Conference at Chewsville, Md., February 17.
Jonathan Weaver, bishop; W. O. Grimm, secretary.
Present: Jacob Markwood, Dr. T. S. McNeil, P. H. Thomas,
John W. Howe, James W. Hott, J. L. Grimm, J. W. Grimm. J. W. Kira-
cofe, William O. Grimm, George W. Brown, George Huffman. J. M.
Rodruck, J. D. Freed, D. D. Keedy George A. Shuey, J. Harp, A.
Hoover, J. K. Nelson, George W. Albaugh, J. Ross, Jacob J. Gloss-
brenner, William T. Lower, Henry Tallhelm, J. W. Nihiser, H. A.
Hovey, J. E. Hott, Jacob F. Hott, Isaiah Baltzell, C. T. Stearn.
Wil-
liam J. Miller. C. B. Hammack, A. M. Evers, George W. Howe, J.
Holcomb, G. H. Snapp, George W. Statton, J. S. Grimm, Snowden
Scott, Dr. Levi Hess, John Ruebush, George Harman — 41.
268 UNITED BRETHREN
Absent: William Lutz, George W. Rexrode, Adam I. Bovey, W.
Burtner, G. J. Roudabush — 5.
Visiting ministers: Z. Colestock, J. X. Quigley, S. A. Mowers,
J. B. Bishop; all from Pennsylvania Conference.
W. T. Lower granted open transfer; J. E. Hott withdrew.
Licentiates: J. N. Ross, G. W. Brown.
Resolved that each pastor "be required to read four times
every
years to each of his congregations the portion of Discipline re-
ferring to secret societies.
Benevolent Fund, $731.82; Mission Fund received from charges,
$691.67.
Presiding elders: H. A. Bovey (Potomac District), J. W. Howe
(S. V. District).
Appointments, 162; classes, 138; members received, 906; mem-
bers at end of year, 4,917; Telescopes, 294; meeting houses, 7.5;
Sunday Schools, 91; Sunday School pupils. 4,586; teachers and
officers, 850; collected for all purposes, $16,541.05; salaries of
preachers, $8,156.90.
Appointments:
Frederick, J. K. Nelson;
Myersville, G. W. Statton;
Boonsboro, C. T. Stearn, W. O. Grimm;
Hagerstown mission, J. W. Kirocafe;
Hagerstown, I. Baltzell;
Martinsburg, P. H. Thomas;
Tuscarora mission, H. Tallhelm;
Potomac, G. H. Snapp;
Bath, W. J. Miller;
Alleghany, J. M. Rodruck;
South Branch, J. W. Grimm;
Winchester, G. W. Howe;
Woodstock, J. D. Freed;
Lacey Spring, A. M. Evers;
Rockingham mission, J. L. Grimm;
Pleasant Grove, C. B. Hammack;
Churchville, J. W. Hott;
Shenandoah mission, J. Holcomb;
Page Valley, J. N. Ross;
Eastern Virginia, G. J. Roudabush;
Straight Creek, A. Hoover;
Freedmen's mission, J. Brown.
1871
Conference at Mount Hebron church. Grant Co., W. Va., February 16.
Jonathan Weaver, bishop; J. W. Hott. secretary.
Present: A. M. Evers. H. A. Bovey, J. W. Grimm, P. H. Thomas,
James W. Hott, J. M. Rodruck, J. Holcomb, J. K. Ross, George A.
Shuey, Dr. T. S. McNeil. J. W. Nihiser, D. D. Keedy, George W.
Rexrode, C. T. Stearn, George W. Statton. George W. Howe, W. O.
Grimm, C. B. Hammack, John W. Howe, A. Hoover, W. J. Miller,
Henry Tallhelm, John Ruebush, W. Burtner, Snowden Scott, George
W. Albaugh, Adam I. Bovey — 28.
Absent: Jacob J. Glossbrenner, J. W. Kiracofe. G. H. Snapp,
G. W. Brown, George Huffman, Dr. Levi Hess, Joshua Harp. Jacob
Markwood, J. K. Nelson, J. D. Freed, Isaiah Baltzell, J. F. Hott.
J. S. Grimm, William Lutz, G. Harman — 15.
Assessment of $1000 for missionary expenses ordered.
CHURCH HISTORY 269
Establishment of Union Biblical Seminary endorsed.
Licentiate: J. B. Funk.
Ordained: A. Hoover.
Transferred: C. T. Stearn.
Preaching places, 194; classes, 153; members received, 1,036;
members at end of year, 5,401; Telescopes, 427; meeting houses,
72;
Sunday School pupils, 6,155; teachers and officers, 796; salaries
of
preachers, $7,594.04; collected for missions, $897; for all
purposes
$23,206.66.
Presiding elders: A. I. Bovey (Potomac District), _____ (S. V.
District).
Appointments:
Myersville, G. W. Statton;
Frederick, J. K. Nelson;
Boonsboro, J. W. Hott, and one to be supplied;
Hagerstown, A. M. Evers;
Hagerstown station, J. W. Kiracofe;
Tuscarora mission, J. D. Freed;
Back Creek mission, G. H. Snapp;
Bath, W. J. Miller;
South Branch, J. M. Rodruck, C. M. Hott;
Alleghany, J. W. Nihiser;
Potomac mission, W. O. Grimm.
1872
Conference at Edinburg, Va., February 16.
Jonathan Weaver, bishop; J. L. Grimm, secretary.
Present: A. M. Evers, H. A. Bovey, C. B. Hammack, P. H. Thomas,
J. M. Rodruck, J. M. Ross, W. H. Burtner, Joshua Harp, George
Harman, J. Zarman, J. Negley, C. M. Hott, George W. Statton, John
Ruebush, T. S. McNeil, J. F. Hott, J. W. Kiracofe, John W. Howe,
J. L. Grimm, J. D. Freed, William J. Miller, Henry Tallhelm, J. W.
Nihiser, G. W. Albaugh, J. B. Funk, J. E. Whitesel, Abraham P.
Funkhouser, G. H. Snapp, J. K. Nelson, James W. Hott. William
O. Grimm, George W. Howe, J. M. Grimm, George Huffman, D. D.
Keedy, William Lutz, E. P. Funk, P. W. Weller, J. W. Funk — 39.
Absent: A. Hoover, George A. Shuey, Snowden Scott, Adam
I. Bovey, Jacob J. Glossbrenner, J. Holcomb, Levi Hess, George
W. Rexrode, Jacob Markwood, G. W. Brown, J. S. Grimm, Jonathan
Tobey — 12.
D. K. Flickinger, missionary secretary, present.
Licentiates: E. P. Funk, J. E. Whitesel, P. W.
Funkhouser, J. Negley, J. W. Funk. C. M. Hott.
Transferred: I. Baltzell (E. Penna.).
Received: J. Zarman (Minnesota Conference).
Benevolent Fund, $785.92; secured for missions, $300; for U. B.
Seminary, $100.
Special resolution encouraging the building of a church at
Winchester.
Committee appointed "to take under advisement the matter
270 UNITED BRETHREN
of publishing our minutes at the next session." Note: This
was
the first move toward printing the conference minutes in pamphlet
form.
Preaching places, 192; classes, 152; members 5,626; meeting
houses 73; Telescopes, 299; parsonage, 7; Sunday Schools, 90;
teachers and officers, 763; scholars, 4,416; salaries, $8,951.44;
mis-
sions $823.33; collected for all purposes, $26,687.18.
Presiding elders: H. A. Bovey (Potomac District), G. W. Statton
(S. V. District).
Appointments:
Hagerstown, J. W. Howe;
Myersville, J. K. Nelson;
Hagerstown, J. W. Kiracofe;
Boonsboro and Keedysville, J. W. Hott W. O. Grimm;
Martinsburg, P. H. Thomas;
South Branch, A. Hoover;
Alleghany, J. W. Nihiser, P. W. Weller;
Frederick, A. M. Evers;
Bath, J. M. Rodruck;
Potomac mission, J. Zarman, C. I. B.
Brane;
Mechanicstown, J. B. Funk;
New Creek, W. J. Miller;
Back Creek mission, J. E. Whitesel;
Churchville, J. L. Grim;
Rockingham, H. Tallhelm, C. M. Hott;
Page Valley, E. P. Funk;
East Virginia mission, J. M. Ross;
Lacey Spring, J. Ruebush;
Highland, J. W. Grimm;
Edinburg, J. W. Grimm;
Winchester, C. B. Hammack;
Winchester station, G. W. Howe;
Tuscarora mission, J. D. Freed;
Rockbridge, G. H. Snapp;
Freedmen's mission, to be supplied;
bishop Ohio district, J. J. Glossbrenner.
1873
Conference at Hagerstown. Md., February 13.
Jonathan Weaver, bishop, W. O. Grimm, secretary.
Present: George W. Statton, J. F. Hott, James W. Hott, J. K.
Nelson, J. W. Grimm, George W. Howe, William O. Grimm, J. W.
Nihiser, George W. Albaugh, J. Zarman, Abram P. Funkhouser,
A Hoover, Jonathan Tobey, John Ruebush, A. M. Evers, H. A.
Bovey, C. B. Hammack, P. H. Thomas, J. M. Roderick, Henry Tall-
helm; D. D. Keedy, J. B. Funk, J. E. Whitesel, J. W. Funk, J. S.
Grimm, C. I. B. Brane, T. S. McNeil, J. W. Kiracofe, John W. Howe.
J 1 Grimm J. D. Freed, William J. Miller, George Huffman, Joshua
Harp, E. P. Funk, P. W. Weller, C. M. Hott, Snowden Scott, J.
Zahn — 39.
Absent Jacob Markwood, W. H. Burtner, J. Holcomb, Levi
Hess, Jacob J. Glossbrenner, William Lutz, G. W. Brown, Adam I.
Bovey, J. N. Ross, George Harman, George A. Shuey, George H.
Snapp — 12.
G. W. Statton ordered to prepare the minutes for publication
and 500 copies to be printed.
Visiting ministers: W. A. Jackson, G. W. M. Rigor, W. T. Lower,
_____ Shaffer.
Received: J. Zahn, C. I. B. Brane.
CHURCH
HISTORY 271
Died: J. Markwood. Memorial services held.
Assessment for missionary purposes, $1,500.
Vote to cooperate with Lebanon Valley College. Trustees elected.
Benevolent Fund, $887.26.
Strong resolutions in favor of building church at Washing-
ton, D. C.
Appointments, 165; classes, 147; members received, 867; at end
of year, 5,756; Telescopes, 361; meeting houses, 76; Sunday
Schools,
93; teachers and officers, 799; scholars, 4,544; parsonages, 7;
col-
lected for missions, $1,190.11; for all purposes. $18,562, 55;
salaries
of preachers, $7,785.17.
Presiding elders: D. D. Keedy (Potomac Dist.), G. W. Statton
(S. V. Dist.)
Appointed:
Frederick, A. M. Evers;
Mechanicstown, C. M. Hott;
Myersville, J. K. Nelson;
Keedysville station, H. A. Bovey;
Boonsboro station, J. W. Kiracofe;
Hagerstown, J. L. Grimm;
Hagerstown station, J. W. Hott;
Potomac mission, J. D. Freed;
New Germany,
C. I. B. Brane;
New Creek, W. J. Miller;
South Branch, J. E. Whitesel;
Bath, J. M. Rodruck;
Martinsburg station, J. W. Howe;
Tuscarora mission, C. B. Hammack;
Back Creek mission, A. Hoover;
Winchester, J. B. Funk;
Winchester station, G. W. Howe;
Edinburg, J. Ruebush;
Lacey Spring, J. W. Grimm;
Rockingham, J. W. Nihiser;
Singers Glen, P. H. Thomas;
Page Valley, E. P. Funk;
Churchville, W. O. Grimm;
Rockbridge, G. W. Kiracofe;
East Virginia mission; H. Tallhelm;
Alleghany, J. B. Funk;
Highland, P. W. Weller.
1874
Conference at Martinsburg, W. Va., February 12.
David Edwards, bishop; W. O. Grimm, J. L. Grimm, secretaries.
Visiting ministers: W. O. Tobey, E. Light, B. G. Huber, D. S.
Early, J. A. Evans, Jacob Erb (ex-bishop).
J. Holcomb, J. N. Ross withdrew to join Methodist Episcopal
Church, South.
Honorably dismissed at their own request: H. Tallhelm, J.
Tobey.
Received: I. M. Underwood (Parkersburg Conf.), Charles Miller
(Evan. Asso'n).
Transferred: L. Hess (Parkersburg Conf.)
Licentiates: Z. Umstot, G. W. Kiracofe, J. N. Fries, D. Barn-
hart, William Beall, J. G. Humphries.
Ordained: W. H. Burtner, G. H. Snapp.
J. Zahn grated a renewal of his long lost parchments.
At an evening missionary meeting $500 subscribed.
Benevolent Fund, $890.39.
D. D. Keedy, J. Ruebush a committee to raise funds to remove
272 UNITED BRETHREN
the body of Bishop Markwood from Luray to Rohrersville, and to
erect a monument.
Appointments, 179; organized churches, 152; members received,
864; at end of year, 5,731; Telescopes, 448; meeting houses, 91;
parsonages, 7; Sunday Schools, 90; teachers and officers, 895;
scholars, 5,110; collected for missions, $349.85; for all
purposes,
$21,383.27; salaries, $8,700.92.
Presiding elders: D. D. Keedy (Potomac Dist.), J. Ruebush (S. V.
Dist.).
Appointed:
Frederick, A. M. Evers;
Mechanicstown, C. I. B. Brane;
Myersville, J. K. Nelson;
Keedysville, H. A. Bovey;
Boonsboro, J. W. Kiracofe;
Hagerstown, J. L. Grimm;
Hagerstown station, G. W. Statton;
Potomac mission, J. D. Freed;
New Germany, W. D. Barger;
Alleghany, J. R. Funk;
Martinsburg station, J. W. Howe;
Tuscarora mission, C. B. Hammack;
Back Creek mission, P. H. Thomas;
Bath, J. M. Rodruck;
Winchester mission station, J. E. Whitesel;
Winchester, J. W. Funk;
Edinburg, W. Beall;
Lacey Spring, J. W. Grimm;
Rockingham, J. W. Nihiser;
Singers Glen, I. M. Underwood;
Page Valley, G. J. Roudabush;
Churchville, W. O. Grim;
Highland, E. P. Funk;
Mill Creek mission, to be supplied;
Rockbridge mission, G. W. Kiracofe;
New Creek, W. J. Miller;
South Branch, P. W. Weller;
Swift Run, Henry Jones;
Cacapon, Charles Miller;
Timber Ridge, J. M. Hott;
home evangelist. G. H. Snapp;
treasurer General Missionary Society, J. W. Hott;
bishop west of Mississippi, Glossbrenner.
1875
Conference at Keedysville, Md., February 3.
David Edwards, bishop; W. O. Grimm, William Beall, Secretaries.
Present: Jacob J. Glossbrenner, Jacob F. Hott, John W. Howe,
A. M. Evers, H. A. Bovey, J. L. Grimm, J. D. Freed, William O.
Grimm,
D. D. Keedy, George W. Statton, George Huffman, J. Zahn, J. W.
Kiracofe, James W. Hott, J. W. Grimm, J. M. Rodruck, W. H.
Burtner,
Joshua Harp, John Ruebush, George A. Shuey, J. S. Grimm, J. K.
Nel-
son, C. B. Hammack, P. H. Thomas, W. J, Miller, J. W. Nihiser,
Geo.
W. Albaugh, George Harman, J. Zarman, Abram P. Funkhouser,
Snowden Scott, I. M. Underwood, J. N. Fries, W. H. Clary, G. J.
Roudabush, J. R. Funk, J. E. Whitesel, J. W. Funk, George W.
Rexrode, Z. Umstot, D. Barnhart, A. D. Freed, Henry Jones, E. P.
Funk, P. M. Weller, C. M. Hott, C. I. B. Brane, G. W. Kiracofe,
Wil-
liam Beall, M. F. Keiter, J. N. Ridenour — 51.
Absent: William Lutz, Adam I. Bovey, Charles Miller, A. Hoover,
G. H. Snapp, J. G. Humphreys, G. W. Brown, J. Negley — 8.
Visiting ministers: Pres. Hammond, W. O. Smith, J. X. Quigley,
G. W. Lightner, J. B. Resler.
Licentiates: A. D. Freed, W. H. Clary, M. F. Keiter, G. J. Rouda-
bush, Henry Jones, J. R. Ridenour.
CHURCH HISTORY 273
Ordained: E. P. Funk, J. W. Funk, C. M. Hott, P. W. Weller,
J. E. Whitesel.
G. W. Statton, D. D. Keedy, J. Harp a committee to have Con-
ference incorporated.
D. D. Keedy appointed agent for Lebanon Valley College.
Died: Dr. T. S. McNeil, drowned in Ohio while on his way to
Parkersburg Conference.
Appointments, 188; organized churches, 152; members received,
950; at end of year, 6,123; Telescopes, 404; meeting houses, 87;
parsonages, 9; Sunday Schools, 119; teachers and officers. 114
(?);
scholars, 5,686; collected for missions, $1,351.83; for all
purposes,
$21,328.51; salaries of preachers, $10,151.81.
Presiding elders: J. W. Howe (Potomac Dist.), J. Ruebush,
(S. V. Dist.).
Appointed:
Frederick, J. L. Grimm;
Mechanicstown, C. I. B. Brane;
Myersville, J. V. Funk;
Boonsboro station, J. W. Kiracofe;
Keedysville station, H. A. Bovey;
Hagerstown, J. R. Funk;
Hagerstown station, G. W. Statton;
Martinsburg station, A. M. Evers;
Potomac mission, G. W. Kiracofe;
Tuscarora, J. D. Freed;
Bath, C. R. Hammack;
Back Creek, P. H. Thomas;
Alleghany, G. W. Rexrode:
Keyser mission, J. W. Grimm;
New Creek, J. M. Rodruck;
Winchester, J. K. Nelson;
Winchester mission station, M. F. Keiter;
Edinburg, W. Beall;
Dayton, J. W. Nihiser;
Lacey Spring, I. M. Underwood;
Rockingham, W. O. Grimm, W. D. Barger;
Page Valley, G. J. Roudabush;
Churchville, J. E. Whitesel;
Rockbridge, C. H. Crowell;
Madison mission, H. Jones;
Bloomery mission, J. M. Hott;
Cacapon mission, C. Miller;
South Branch, J. R. Ridenour;
Mill Creek, G. H. Snapp;
Highland, E. P. Funk;
Augusta Freedmen's mission, J. A. Evans;
Rockingham mission, S. T. Wells.
1876
Conference at Churchville, Va., February 2.
David Edwards, bishop; W. O. Grimm, A. M. Evers, secretaries.
Present: Jacob J. Glossbrenner, John W. Howe, J. K. Nelson,
C. B. Hammack, W. O. Grimm, W. PI. Burtner, George W. Albaugh,
E. P. Funk, Abram P. Funkhouser, G. H. Snapp, I. M. Underwood,
William Beall, G. J. Roudabush, S. T. Wells, George W. Statton,
A. M. Evers, H. A. Bovey, J. L. Grimm, J. W. Nihiser, D. D. Keedy,
George Harman, J. Zarman, J. W. Funk, G. W. Brown, C. I. B.
Brane, Charles Miller, A. D. Freed, Henry Jones, John Ruebush,
J. W. Kiracofe, J. W. Hott, J. M. Rodruck, George Huffman, Joshua
Harp, J. B. Funk, J. E. Whitesel, C. M. Hott, George W. Howe, J.
Zahn, G. W. Kiracofe, M. F. Keiter, J. R. Ridenour — 45.
Absent: J. F. Hott, W. J. Miller, J. S. Grimm, George W. Rex-
road, Z. Umstot, J. G. Humphreys, J. W. Grimm, William Lutz,
George A. Shuey, Adam I. Bovey, J. N. Fries, W. H. Clary, P. H.
274 UNITED BRETHREN
Thomas, P. W. Weller, Snowden Scott, J. Negley, D. Barnhart — 17.
S. T. Wells (colored) received from Des Moines Conference.
Transferred: J. W. Grimm.
Visiting ministers: W. J. Shuey, D. K. Flickinger, J. B. Resler,
J. M. Hershey, Prof. W. S. Walker.
G. W. Albaugh withdrew from conference and church.
Ordained: W. Beall, C. I. B. Brane, G. Harman, A. P. Funk-
houser.
Licentiates: C. W. Stinespring, I. T. Parlett.
Presiding elders: J. Ruebush (Potomac Dist.), J. W. Howe
(S. V. Dist.).
Appointments, 212; organized churches, 163; members received,
1,245; at end of year, 6,772; Sunday Schools, 126; teachers and
officers, 1,141; scholars, 5,639; meeting houses, 92; parsonages,
9;
Telescopes, 389; collected for mission $1,206.85; for all purposes,
$21,100; salaries of preachers, $9,500.
Appointed:
Hagerstown, J. B. Funk;
Hagerstown station, C. M. Hott;
Potomac, G. W. Kiracofe;
Boonsboro, H. A. Bovey;
Keedysville station, J. W. Kiracofe;
Mechanicstown, E. P. Funk;
Myersville, J. W. Funk;
Frederick mission and station, J. L. Grimm;
Martinsburg station, A. M. Evers;
Tuscarora, J. D. Freed;
Alleghany, J. E. Widmeyer;
Westernport mission station, I. M. Underwood;
Bath, C. B. Hammack;
Berkeley, W. Beall;
New Creek, J. M. Rodruck;
Winchester, J. K. Nelson;
Winchester mission station, G. W. Howe;
South Branch, J. R. Ridenour;
South Fork mission, C. Miller;
Mill Creek, to be supplied;
Highland, A. P. Funkhouser;
Churchville, J. E. Whitesel;
Rockingham, W. O. Grimm;
Shady Grove, C. W. Stinespring;
Lacey Spring, M. F. Keiter;
Dayton, J. W. Nihiser;
Edinburg, G. W. Statton;
Page Valley, G. J. Roudabush;
Madison mission, H. Jones;
Rockbridge, C. H. Crowell;
Bloomery mission, J. M. Hott;
Augusta Freedmen's mission, J. A. Evans;
Rockingham Freedmen's mission, S. T. Wells;
Garrett, G. H. Snapp;
agent Lebanon Valley College, D. D. Keedy;
treasurer General Missionary Society, J. W. Hott;
bishop Ohio District, J. J. Glossbrenner.
1877
Conference at Rohrersville, Md., February 3.
John Dickson, bishop; W. O. Grimm, A. P. Funkhouser, secretaries.
Present: Jacob J. Glossbrenner, John W. Howe, J. K. Nelson,
C. B. Hammack, William O. Grimm, D. D. Keedy, J. Zarman, J. W.
Funk, G. H. Snapp, I. M. Underwood, M. F. Keiter, J. R. Ridenour,
J. D. Freed, J. S. Grimm, Z. Umstot, I. T. Parlett, George W.
Statton,
A. M. Evers, H. A. Bovey, J. L. Grimm, J. W. Nihiser, Joshua Harp,
J. E. Whitesel, C. M. Hott, C. I. B. Brane, G. W. Kiracofe, G. J.
Roudabush, J. F. Hott, W. J. Miller, George W. Rexrode, J. N.
Fries,
S. T. Wells, John Ruebush, J. W. Kiracofe, J. W. Hott, J. M.
Rodruck,
CHURCH
HISTORY 275
W. H. Burtner, J. B. Funk, Abram P. Funkhouser, A. Hoover, J.
Zahn, William Beall, Henry Jones, P. H. Thomas, P. W. Weller,
J. Negley, C. W. Stinespring — 47.
Absent: George A. Shuey, George Harman, Charles Miller, Adam
I. Bovey, W. H. Clary, A. D. Freed, G. W. Brown, William Lutz,
George Hoffman, George W. Howe, Snowden Scott, J. G. Hum-
phreys — 13.
J. E. Hott received from Dakota Conference.
Visiting ministers: S. M. Hippard, J. B. Resler, J. M. Hershey,
President DeLong.
Licentiates: S. K. Wine, J. D. Donovan, J. M. Hott, J. E. Wid-
meyer.
The names of G. W. Brown and J. G. Humphreys dropped from
roll, the former for withdrawing under charges, the latter for
failing to meet his committee on course of reading.
Ordained: G. W. Kiracofe.
Died: A. D. Freed, (Oct. 1876).
Minutes ordered printed.
Articles of Incorporation adopted.
Benevolent Fund, $1,061.99.
A Conference Educational Society provided for. J. W. Hott to
prepare a constitution, A. P. Funkhouser, an address for publica-
tion.
Appointments, 223; organized churches, 179; members received,
1,109; at end of year, 7,269; Telescopes, 388; meeting houses, 96;
parsonage, 9; Sunday Schools, 139; teachers and officers, 1,204;
scholars, 6,441; collected for missions, $1,151.89; for all other
purposes, $16,790.17; salaries of pastors, $9,521.99.
Presiding elders: J. Ruebush (Potomac Dist.), J. H. Howe
(S. V. Dist.).
Appointed:
Churchville, J. E. Whitesel;
Rockingham, J. E. Hott;
Shady Grove, J. D. Donovan;
South Fork mission, E. P. Funk;
Highland, J. E. Widmeyer;
Winchester, W. J. Miller;
Winchester station, J. K. Nelson;
South Branch, I. M. Underwood;
Rockbridge. C. H. Crowell;
Edinburg, W. O. Grimm;
Lacey Spring, M. F. Keiter;
Mill Creek, to be supplied;
Bloomery mission, J. M. Hott;
Page Valley, G. J. Roudabush;
Dayton, A. P. Funkhouser;
Madison, H. Jones;
Augusta Freedmen's mission, J. A. Evans;
Rockingham Freedmen's mission, S. T. Wells;
Frederick circuit and station, J. L. Grimm;
Mechanicstown, J. D. Freed;
Hagerstown, J. R. Ridenour;
Hagerstown station, C. M. Hott;
Boonsboro, H. A. Bovey; Keedysville station, J. W. Kiracofe;
Potomac mission, P. W. Weller;
Martinsburg station, A. M. Evers;
Opequon, J. B. Funk;
Charles Mission, J. Negley;
Bath, C. B. Hammack;
New Creek, G. W. Kiracofe;
Garrett, G. W. Rexrode;
Westernport station, C. W. Stinespring;
Myersville, J. W. Funk;
Berkeley, W. Beall;
276 UNITED BRETHREN
Alleghany, J. M. Rodruck;
bishop West Mississippi Dist., J. J. Glossbrenner;
general book agent and evangelist, G. H. Snapp;
General Missionary Treasurer, J. W. Hott.
1878
Conference at Winchester, Va., February 20.
J. J. Glossbrenner, bishop; W. O. Grimm, secretary.
Present: Jacob J. Glossbrenner, A. M. Evers, J. W. Hott, J. M.
Rodruck, Joshua Harp, J. E. Whitesel, C. M. Hott, I. M. Underwood,
Henry Jones, J. D. Freed, George W. Rexrode, J. N. Fries, George
W. Howe, J. D. Donovan, I. T. Hott, C. W. Hutsler, J. H. Parlett,
J. W. Kiracofe, John Ruebush, D. D. Keedy, William O. Grimm, E. P.
Funk, Abram P. Funkhouser, G. H. Snapp, William Beall, J. R.
Ridenour, W. J. Miller, J. A. Negley, C. W. Stinespring, Snowden
Scott, J. M. Hott, S. K. Wine, C. H. Crowell. E. Ludwick, John W.
Howe, J. K. Nelson, J. L. Grimm, W. H. Burtner, J. Zarman, J. W.
Funk, C. I. B. Brane, M. F. Keiter, J. F. Hott, J. S. Grimm, Z.
Umstot,
I. T. Parlett, D. Barnhart, S. T. Wells, J. E. Widmeyer, W. R.
Berry — 50.
Absent: George W. Statton, J. B. Funk, W. H. Clary, P. H.
Thomas, George Harman, Adam I. Bovey, H. A. Bovey, A. Hoover,
G. W. Kiracofe, P. W. Weller, Charles Miller. J. W. Nihiser, J.
Zahn,
G. J. Roudabush, George Hoffman, William Lutz — 10.
Visiting ministers: D. K. Flickinger, S. M. Hippard, J. M. Her-
shey, J. A. Evans, Pres. DeLong.
J. B. Funk, G. W. Kiracofe, transferred to Pennsylvania Con-
ference, H. A. Bovey to Central Ohio.
licentiates: C. H. Crowell, J. H. Parlett, I. T. Hott, W. R.
Berry,
C. W. Hutsler, E. Ludwick.
Ordained: H. Jones, M. F. Keiter, Z. Umstot, J. N. Fries, J. A.
Negley, J. R. Ridenour.
Benevolent Fund, $1,139.02.
A Quarterly Review recommended.
Died: C. B. Hammack (Mar. 1).
Constitution for Education Society adopted, and address of
A. P. Funkhouser ordered printed.
Resolution passed requiring local preachers to submit their
annual reports in writing.
Presiding elders: W. O. Grimm (Potomac Dist.), J. W. Howe
(Shenandoah Dist.), A. M. Evans (South Branch Dist.).
Appointments, 219; organized churches, 170; members received,
1,106; at end of year, 7,633; Telescopes, 498; church houses, 101;
parsonages, 10; Sunday Schools, 142; teachers and officers, 1,264;
scholars, 7,129; collected for missions, $1,186.97; for all
purposes,
$21,114.20; salaries of preachers, $8,757.16.
CHURCH HISTORY 277
Appointed:
Frederick, E. Ludwick;
Frederick station. J. L. Grimm;
Mechanicstown, J. D. Freed;
Myersville, C. M. Hott;
Keedysville, J. W. Kiracofe;
Boonsboro station, J. Ruebush;
Hagerstown. J. R. Ridenour;
Hagerstown station, J. W. Funk;
Potomac mission, E. P. Funk;
Opequon, S. K. Wine;
Martinsburg station, J. K. Nelson;
Bath, I. M. Underwood;
Berkeley, W. Beall;
Churchville. J. E. Whitesel;
Augusta, J. E. Hott;
Dayton, A. P. Funkhouser;
Lacey Spring, G. J. Roudabush;
Edinburg. M. F. Keiter;
Mount Zion, J. M. Hott;
Winchester station, W. J. Miller;
Page Valley, C. H. Crowell;
Madison mission, H. Jones;
Rockbridge. C. I. B. Brane;
Shady Grove. W. R. Berry;
Augusta Freedmen's mission, J. Waite;
Rockingham Freedmen's mission, J. A. Evans;
Clarke Freedmen's mission, to be supplied;
Garrett, G. W. Rexrode;
Alleghany, J. M. Rodruck;
Westernport station, C. W. Stinespring;
New Creek, J. W. Nihiser;
South Fork mission, J. F. Hott;
South Branch, J. E. Widmeyer; Bloomery mission, J. D. Donovan;
Mill Creek, J. G. Ketterman;
Highland, J. H. Parlett;
editor Telescope, J. W. Hott;
Conference Evangelist, G. H. Snapp.
1879
Conference at Mechanicstown, Md., February 26.
A. P. Funkhouser, secretary.
Present: Jacob J. Glossbrenner. A. M. Evers, James W. Hott,
William O. Grimm, J. W. Funk, I. M. Underwood, Henry Jones, W. J.
Miller, J. A. Negley, I. T. Parlett, G. J. Roudabush, J. D.
Donovan.
S. K. Wine, W. R. Berry, George P. Hott, John Ruebush. J. W.
Kiracofe, D. D. Keedy, Joshua Harp, C. M. Hott, William Beall,
J. R. Ridenour, J. S. Grimm, J. N. Fries. J. W. Nihiser, George
Har-
man, J. E. Hott, J. E. Widmeyer, J. H. Parlett, B. F. Cronise.
John
W. Howe, J. K. Nelson, J. L. Grimm, Abram P. Funkhouser, G. H.
Snapp, M. F. Keiter, J. D. Freed, George W. Rexrode, C. W. Stine-
spring, A. Hoover, D. Barnhart, C. W. Hutsler, E. Ludwick — 44.
Absent: George W. Statton, J. M. Rodruck, W. H. Burtner, E.
P. Funk, C. I. B. Brane, J. Zahn, P. W. Weller, William Lutz,
Snow-
don Scott, S. T. Wells, J. Zarman. I. T. Holt, C. H. Clary, George
Huffman, Adam I. Bovey, C. B. Crowell, J. E. Whitesel, Z. Umstot,
P. H. Thomas, Charles Miller, George W. Howe, J. M. Hott — 22.
Visiting ministers: J. P. Miller, J. A. Evans, J. K. Billhimer,
Charles W. Miller, I. Baltzell, L. W. Cranmer, J. X. Quigley, D.
D.
DeLong, G. W. Kiracofe, J. H. Powell, Mrs. J. K. Billhimer.
Ordained: B. F. Cronise, G. J. Roudabush, I. T. Parlett, D.
Barnhart.
Licentiate: G. P. Hott.
Cash raised for Edwards Academy, $100.
Most of the local preachers submitted written reports.
278 UNITED BRETHREN
Died: J. E. Whitesel, aged 27.
Visiting committee to Shenandoah Institute appointed, this be-
ing the first official recognition of the school.
Appointments, 215; organized churches, 186; members received,
1,113: at end of year, 7,808; Telescopes, 564; Sunday School, 146;
teachers and officers, 1,375; scholars, 7,531; meeting houses,
104;
parsonages, 10; collected for missions, $1,155.94; for all
purposes,
$24,250.47; salaries of ministers, $9,509.86.
Presiding elders: W. O. Grimm (Potomac Dist.), J. W. Howe
Shenandoah Dist.), J. E. Hott (South Branch Dist.).
Appointed:
Frederick, W. Beall;
Frederick station, J. L. Grimm;
Mechanicstown, J. D. Freed;
Myersville, C. M. Hott;
Keedysville station, J. W. Kiracofe;
Boonsboro, J. Ruebush;
Hagerstown, J. W. Funk;
Hagerstown station, C. W. Stinespring;
Opequon, W. R. Evers;
Martinsburg station, J. K. Nelson;
Berkeley Springs, I. M. Underwood;
Berkeley, J. H. Parlett;
Churchville, A. M. Evers;
Augusta, C. H. Crowell;
Dayton, A. P. Funkhouser and one to be supplied;
Lacey Spring, G. J. Roudabush;
Winchester, E. Ludwick;
Winchester station, J. R. Ridenour;
Page Valley, H. Jones;
Madison mission, I. T. Hott;
Rockbridge, A. Hoover;
Shady Grove mission, W. J. Miller;
Clarke mission, J. M. Hott;
Augusta Freedmen's mission, to be supplied;
Rockingham Freedmen's mission, J. A. Evans;
Garrett, M. A. Salt;
Alleghany, W. H. Glary;
Westernport station, J. K. Widmeyer;
New Creek, W. R. Berry;
Moorefield mission, I. T. Parlett;
Mill Creek. W. Hesse;
Franklin, S. K. Wine;
editor Telescope, J. W. Hott;
bishop East Ohio District, J. J. Glossbrenner;
professor in Shenandoah Seminary, J. N. Fries.
1880
Conference at Edinburg, Va., Mar. 3.
John Dickson, bishop, A. P. Funkhouser, secretary.
Present: John Ruebush, J. W. Kiracofe, D. D. Keedy, William
O. Grimm, J. Zarman, J. W. Funk, William Beall, J. R. Ridenour,
William J. Miller, J. N. Fries, J. W. Nihiser, G. J. Roudabush,
Wil-
liam Lutz, J. D. Donovan, J. E. Widmeyer, C. H. Crowell, E. Lud-
wick, M. L. Mayselles, M. A. Salt, John W. Howe, J. L. Grimm, W.
H.
Burtner, Abram P. Funkhouser, C. M. Hott, C. W. Stinespring, A.
Hoover, George Huffman, George W. Howe, J. E. Hott, S. K. Wine,
W. R. Berry, B. F. Cronise, William Hesse, A. M. Evers, J. W.
Hott,
J. M. Rodruck, Joshua Harp, J. W. Funk, I. M. Underwood, Henry
Jones, J. D. Freed, George W. Rexrode, I. T. Parlett, W. H. Clary,
Charles Miller, D. Barnhart, I. T. Hott, C. W. Hutsler, J. H.
Parlett,
J. G. Ketterman, A. M. Horn — 54.
Absent: Jacob J. Glossbrenner, J. S. Grimm, P. H. Thomas, Snow-
don Scott, Z. Umstot, George Harman, C. I. B. Brane, P. W. Weller,
CHURCH HISTORY 279
J. M. Hott, S. T. Wells, J. Zahn, Adam I. Bovey, George P. Hott.
J. A. Evans, J. A. Negley — 15.
Visiting ministers: M. Bulger, J. X. Quigley, D. O’Farrell, W.
J. Prunner, Pres. D. D. DeLong.
Received: J. A. Evans (Mich. Conf.).
Voted to furnish a room at U. B. Seminary at a cost of $100;
$30 raised in conference.
Transferred: P. W. Weller, S. J. Wells, G. W. Statton.
Ordained: J. E. Widmeyer, C. W. Stinespring.
Licentiates: W. Hesse, A. M. Horn, J. G. Ketterman, S. H. Snell,
M. L. Mayselles, M. A. Salt.
Died: Adam I. Bovey, aged about 82.
Preachers' Aid Fund, $l,308.89.
Bridgewater church sold for $400, three-fifth of this to go to
district parsonage, two-fifths to Augusta parsonage.
Trustees appointed for district parsonage.
Appointments, 212; organized churches 186; members received.
1548 at end of year, 8,564; Telescopes (banner conference), 613;
meeting houses, 111; parsonage, 10; Sunday Schools, 150; scholars;
8,347; collected for missions, $1,187.62; for all purposes,
$26,570.06,
preachers' salaries, $10,323.05
Presiding elders: A. P. Funkhouser. (Shenandoah Dist.), J. K.
Nelson. (Potomac Dist.). J. E. Hott, (South Branch Dist.).
Appointed:
Churchville, A. M. Evers;
Augusta, C. H. Crowell;
Dayton, J. W. Howe;
Winchester, J. W. Nihiser;
Winchester station, J. R. Ridenour;
Page Valley mission, H. Jones;
Madison mission, M. A. Salt;
Rockbridge mission, A. Hoover;
Clarke mission, J. M. Hott;
Lacey Spring, G. J. Roudabush;
Dayton station, C. M. Hott;
Edinburg, M. F. Keiter;
Nelson mission, to be supplied;
Frederick, W. Beall;
Frederick station, C. W. Stinespring;
Mechanicstown, J. D. Freed;
Myersville, J. Ruebush;
Keedysville station, W. O. Grimm;
Boonsboro, J. L. Grimm;
Hagerstown, J. W. Funk;
Hagerstown station, E. Ludwick;
Opequon, J. W. Kiracofe;
Martinsburg station, J. E. Widmeyer;
Berkeley, C. W. Hutsler;
Berkeley Springs station, J. E. Widmeyer;
Garrett, to he supplied;
Alleghany, W. H. Clary;
Westernport station. J. W. Hicks;
New Creek, W. R. Berry;
Moorefield mission, J. M. Bolton;
South Branch, J. M. Rodruck;
Bloomery, S. H. Snell;
Mill Creek. A. M. Horn;
Franklin, W. H. Sampsell;
West Augusta mission, to be supplied;
bishop East Ohio District, J. J. Glossbrenner;
editor Telescope, J. W. Hott;
professor in Shenandoah Seminary, J. N. Fries.
1881
Conference at Boonsboro, Md., March 2,
J. J. Glossbrenner. bishop. A. P. Funkhouser. secretary.
Present: D. Barnhart. C. I. B. Brane, B. F. Cronise, C. P. Dyche,
280 UNITED BRETHREN
W.O. Fries, J. J. Glossbrenner, W. O. Grimm, W. Beall, J. M.
Bolton,
C. H. Crowell, A. M. Evers, J. W. Funk, J. L. Grimm. J. Harp, W.
R.
Berry, W. H. Clary, J. D. Donovan, J. D. Freed, A. P. Funkhouser,
J. S. Grimm, W. Hesse, J. W. Hicks, C. M. Hott, J. M. Hott, G. W.
Howe, D. D. Keedy, J. W. Kiracofe, M. L. Mayselles, J. K. Nelson,
J. R. Ridenour, J. Roudabush, S. H. Snell, I. M. Underwood. J.
Zahn, A. Hoover. J. E. Hott. J. W. Hott, C. W. Hutsler, M. F.
Keiter, E. Ludwick, C. Miller, I. T. Parlett, J. M. Rodruck, M. A.
Salt, C. W. Stinespring, J. E. Widmeyer, J. Zarman, A. M. Horn, J.
F. Hott, J. W. Howe, H. Jones, J. G. Ketterman, W. L. Martin,
J. A. Negley, J. H. Parlett, G. J. Roudabush, W. H. Sampsell, Z.
Umstot, S. K. Wine – 59.
Absent: W. H. Burtner. G. Harman, G. Hoffman, J. W. Nihiser,
K H. Thomas. J. A. Evans, G. P. Hott. W. Lutz. G. W. Rexrode,
J. N. Fries, I. T. Hott. W. J. Miller. S. Scott — 13
Visiting ministers: G. H. Snapp, W. R. Coursey, L. Hess J. X.
Quigley. H. W. Whitlock, B. G. Huber, Col. R. Cowden, Pres D. D.
DeLong.
Received: J. M. Hicks (from Me).
Licentiates: W. O. Fries, W. L. Martin, C. P. Dyche, W. H.
Sampsell, J. M. Bolton.
1,000 copies minutes ordered printed.
Westernport mission station stricken from list.
General Conference requested to arrange for the publication of
graded Sunday School helps.
Preachers' Aid Fund, $1.493.02
Collection of $56.30 for W. R. Coursey, visiting his old home.
J. H. Parlett, W. R. Berry, J. D. Donovan.
William Beall at his own request given honorable dismissal
from conference and church.
Died: P. W. Weller.
For lay representation, 14 quarterly conferences: against it, 21.
Next General Conference requested to provide for pro rata
representation in its membership.
Presiding elders: A. P. Funkhouser, (Shen. Dist.), J. K. Nelson
(Potomac Dist.), J. E. Hott, (South Branch Dist.).
Appointments, 224: organized churches, 195; members received
742, at end of year, 8,462: Telescopes, 674; meeting houses 113;
parsonage 9; Sunday Schools, 150; teachers and officers 1,421;
scholars 8,029; collected for missions, $1,164.18; for all
purposes
$22,474.50; preachers' salaries, $10,201.04.
Appointed:
Churchville, A. M. Evers;
West Augusta, N. A. Kiracofe;
Augusta, G. J. Roudabush;
Rockbridge, M. A. Salt;
Dayton station, C. M. Hott;
Dayton, J. W. Funk;
Lacey Spring, A. Hoover;
Madison mission, A. M. Horn;
Port Republic and Luray, H. Jones;
CHURCH HISTORY 281
East Rockingham mission, J. W. Maiden;
Edinburg, J. W. Hicks;
Winchester, J. E. Widmeyer;
Nelson mission, to be supplied;
Rockingham Freedmen's mission, to be supplied;
Augusta Freedmen's mission, to be supplied;
Boonsboro, J. L. Grimm;
Keedysville station, M. F. Keiter;
Hagerstown. J. Ruebush;
Hagerstown station, E. Ludwick;
Myersville, C. H. Crowell;
Mechanicstown, W. O. Grimm;
Frederick station, C. W. Stinespring;
Opequon, J. W. Kiracofe;
Martinsburg station, I. M. Underwood;
Berkeley mission, C. W. Hutsler;
Clarke mission, J. M. Hott;
New Haven mission, J. A. Negley;
Winchester station, J. W. Ridenour;
Bloomery, J. M. Rodruck;
Berkeley Springs, J. W. Howe;
Moorefield mission, W. Hesse;
Franklin circuit, W. H. Sampsell;
North Fork, J. M. Bolton;
South Branch, W. R. Berry;
New Creek, S. K. Wine;
Alleghany, W. H. Clary;
Garrett, J. G. Ketterman;
bishop East District, J. J. Glossbrenner;
editor Telescope, J. W. Hott;
missionary to Africa, J. A. Evans.
1882
Conference at Dayton, Va., March 8.
John Dickson, Jacob J. Glossbrenner, bishops; A. P. Funkhouser,
J. R. Ridenour, secretaries.
Present: J. J. Glossbrenner, A. M. Evers, J. W. Hott, W. H.
Burtner, A. P. Funkhouser, C. I. B. Brane, J. W. Ridenour. J. N.
Fries, A. Hoover, G. Harman. J. M. Hott. J. E. Widmeyer, W. R.
Berry, S. H. Snell, J. G. Ketterman, W. L. Martin, W. O. Fries, P.
J.
Lawrence. J. S. Grimm, J. W. Howe. J. W. Kiracofe, D. D. Keedy,
J. W. Funk, M. F. Keiter, J. F. Hott. C. W. Stinespring. G. J.
Rouda-
bush, W. Lutz. J. E. Hott, C. W. Hutsler, J. H. Parlett, M. A.
Salt,
A. M. Horn. W. H. Sampsell, J. M. Bolton. J. A. Negley, W. J.
Miller,
J. K. Nelson. W. O. Grimm, J. Zarman, C. M. Hott, H. Jones, J. D.
Freed, I. T. Parlett. G. Huffman. J. D. Donovan, S. K. Wine, C. H.
Crowell, E. Ludwick, W. Hesse, J. W. Hicks, C. P. Dyche, L. O.
Burtner, W. H. Clary — 55.
Absent: D. Barnhart. J. S. Grimm, G. W. Howe, B. F. Cronise,
G. P. Hott, M. L. Mayselles, J. A. Evans, I. T. Hott, C. Miller,
J. W.
Nihiser, S. Scott, I. M. Underwood, J. M. Rodruck, P. H. Thomas,
J. Ruebush, G. W. Rexrode, Z. Umstot, J. Zahn— 18.
Visiting ministers: Pres. D. D. DeLong, G. H. Snapp, J. X.
Quigley, W. J. Zuck.
Licentiates: L. O. Burtner, P. J. Lawrence.
Transferred: I. T. Hott.
Collection for needy preachers, $50.01.
Preachers Aid Fund, $1,732.84.
Died: John Ruebush, John Zahn, William R. Coursey. Memorial
services for each.
Ordained: C. H. Crowell.
282 UNITED BRETHREN
Presiding elders: J. W. Funk, (Shen. Dist.), J. W. Howe, (Poto-
mac Dist.), J. K. Nelson, (South Branch Dist.).
Appointments, 269; organized churches, 198: members received,
1,088: at end of year, 8,554; Telescopes, 761; meeting houses,
115;
Parsonages, 10; value of meeting houses, $118,751; of parsonages,
$8,750; Sunday Schools. 169; teachers and officers, 1,386;
scholars,
8,680; collected for missions, $1,173.13; for all purposes,
$22,776.42;
preachers' salaries, $9,340.43.
Appointed:
Churchville station, C. W. Stinespring;
Augusta, G. J. Roudabush;
West Augusta, J. M. Bolton;
Rockbridge, M. A. Salt;
Dayton station, G. P. Hott;
Dayton, J. E. Hott;
Lacey Spring, A. Hoover;
Elkton, W. H. Sampsell;
South River mission, N. A. Kiracofe;
Madison mission, N. F. A. Cupp;
Edinburg, J. W. Hicks;
Toms Brook, S. H. Snell;
Winchester mission, J. E. Widmeyer;
Front Royal mission, H. Jones;
Rockingham Freedmen's mission, to be
supplied;
Augusta Freedmen's mission, to be supplied;
Boonsboro, C. M. Hott;
Keedysville, M. F. Keiter;
Myersville, C. H. Crowell;
Hagerstown. I. M. Underwood;
Hagerstown station, E. Ludwick;
Frederick, J. D. Freed;
Frederick mission, A. M. Evers;
Williamsport station, J. W. Kiracofe;
Martinsburg station, J. D. Donovan;
Berkeley mission, C. W. Hutsler;
New Haven mission, J. A. Negley;
Vanclevesville, W. B. Evers;
Winchester station, C. P. Dyche;
Clarke mission, W. L. Martin;
Berkeley Springs, J. R. Ridenour;
Bloomery, J. M. Hott;
North River mission, to be supplied;
Moorfield mission, W. Hesse;
Franklin, A. M. Horn;
North Fork, to be supplied;
South Branch, S. K. Wine;
New Creek, J. M. Rodruck;
Alleghany, W. H. Clary;
Garrett, J. G. Ketterman;
bishop Ohio District, J. J. Glossbrenner;
editor Telescope, J. W. Hott;
agent Lebanon Valley College, D. D. Keedy;
agent U. B. Seminary, W. O. Grimm;
agent Conference Institution of Learning, A. P. Funkhouser.
1883
Conference at Hagerstown, Md., March 7.
John Dickson, bishop; A. P. Funkhouser, J. R. Ridenour,
secretaries.
Present: D. Barnhart. W. H. Burtner, C. H. Crowell, C. P. Dyche
J. W. Funk, J. S. Grimm, W. Hesse, A. M. Horn, J. E. Hott, H.
Jones,
J. G. Ketterman, P. J. Lawrence, J. A. Negley, J. R. Ridenour G.
W. Rexrode, S. H. Snell, I. M. Underwood, J. Zarman, W. R. Berry
W. H. Clary, Albert Day, A. M. Evers, A. P. Funkhouser, W. O.
Grimm, J. W. Hicks, C. M. Hott, J. W. Hott, J. W. Howe, D. D.
Keedy,
J. W. Kiracofe, W. L. Martin, J. K. Nelson, J. M. Rodruck, M. A.
Salt, C. W. Stinespring, J. E. Widmeyer, C. I. B. Brane, B. F.
Cronise, J. D. Donovan, J. N. Fries. J. J. Glossbrenner, J. Harp,
A.
Hoover, G. P. Hott, J. M. Hott, C. W. Hutsler, M. F. Keiter E.
CHURCH HISTORY 283
Ludwick, M. L. Mayselles, J. H. Parlett, G. J. Roudabush, W. H.
Sampsell, P. H. Thomas, S. K. Wine — 55.
Absent: J. M. Bolton, J. D. Freed, G. W. Howe, C. Miller, J. W.
Miller, J. W. Nihiser, Z. Umstot, L. O. Burtner, W. O. Fries. G.
Huffman, J. W. Miller, I. T. Parlett, J. A. Evans, G. Harman, W.
Lutz, J. W. Miller, S. Scott — 15.
Visiting ministers: E. P. Funk. J. B. Funk, J. L. Grimm, J. X.
Quigley, J. W. Grimm, J. K. Billhimer, C. T. Steam, J. W. Miller,
B. G. Huber, W. A. Dickson, C. A. Burtner, C. W. Bingham, Mrs.
L. R. Keister.
Committee in Albin will case: J. W. Howe, J. W. Funk. H. Jones.
Licentiate: Albert Day.
Ordained: A. M. Horn, S. H. Snell, J. M. Hott, M. A. Salt. W.
Hesse, G. P. Hott.
Transferred: D. Barnhart, C. W. Hutsler, W. O. Grimm.
Preachers Aid Fund, $1,895.44.
J. J. Glossbrenner, A. P. Funkhouser, J. W. Funk, committee
on the troubles at Rohrersville, growing out of the administra-
tion of the secrecy law by M. F. Keiter, accepted as satisfactory
by both parties, and adopted by conference.
Presiding elders: J. W. Howe, (Potomac Dist.), J. W. Funk,
(Shen. Dist.), J. K. Nelson, (South Branch Dist.).
Appointments, 230; organized churches, 196; members received,
1,062; at end of year 8,867; Telescopes, 817; meeting houses, 117;
value, $114,649; parsonages, 10; value, $11,345; Sunday Schools,
154; teachers and officers, 1,283; scholars, 7,975; collected for
mis-
sions, $1,248.10; for all purposes, $28,190.66; salaries of
preachers,
$12,107.73.
Appointed:
Boonsboro, C. M. Hott;
Keedysville station, J. R. Ridenour;
Hagerstown, I. M. Underwood;
Hagerstown station, S. H. Snell;
Myersville, C. H. Crowell;
Mechanicstown, W. R. Berry;
Frederick, J. D. Freed;
Frederick station, A. M. Evers;
Potomac, J. W. Kiracofe;
Martinsburg station, M. F. Keiter;
Clarke mission, W. L. Martin;
Vanclevesville, W. B. Evers;
Churchville. C. W. Stinespring;
Augusta, A. P. Funkhouser;
Rockbridge, L. O. Burtner;
Dayton, J. E. Hott;
Dayton station, G. P. Hott;
Lacey Spring, A. Hoover;
Elkton, G. J. Roudabush;
Madison, N. F. A. Cupp;
South River mission, N. A. Kiracofe;
Edinburg, J. W. Hicks, and one to be supplied;
Winchester mission, J. E. Widmeyer;
Front Royal, M. A. Salt;
Winchester station, C. P. Dyche;
Bloomery circuit and North River mission, J. M. Hott, P. J.
Lawrence;
Berkeley Springs, E. Ludwick;
Lost River mission, J. G. Ketterman;
Franklin circuit and North Fork mission, A. M. Horn and one to be
supplied;
South Branch, W. H. Sampsell;
New Creek, J. M. Rodruck;
Alleghany, W. Hess;
Elk Garden mission, W. H. Clary;
Garrett mission, E. A. Pugh;
Berkeley mission, J. A. Negley;
284 UNITED BRETHREN
bishop Ohio District, J. J. Glossbrenner;
editor Telescope, J. W. Hott;
evangelist at large, J. D. Donovan.
1884
Conference at Lacey Spring, Va., March 5.
John Dickson, bishop; A. P. Funkhouser, G. P. Hott, secretaries.
Present: W. R. Berry, L. O. Burtner, A. Day, J. N. Fries, A. P.
Funkhouser, G. Harman, J. W. Hicks, J. E. Hott, J. W. Howe, M. F.
Keiter, P. J. Lawrence, W. J. Miller, I. T. Parlett, G. J.
Roudabush,
W. H. Sampsell, I. M. Underwood, C. I. B. Brane, W. H. Clary, C.
P.
Dyche, J. D. Freed, J. J. Glossbrenner, J. Harp, A. M. Horn, J. W.
Hott, H. Jones, J. G. Ketterman, W. L. Martin, J. K. Nelson, J. R.
Ridenour, G. W. Rexrode, S. H. Snell, S. K. Wine, W. H. Burtner,
C. H. Crowell, A. M. Evers, J. W. Funk, J. S. Grimm, W. Hesse,
C. M. Hott, G. P. Hott, D. D. Keedy, J. W. Kiracofe, M. L. May-
selles, J. H. Parlett, J. M. Rodruck, M. A. Salt, C. W.
Stinespring,
J. Zarman — 49.
Absent: J. M. Bolton, J. A. Evans. J. F. Hott, E. Ludwick, J. A.
Negley. P. H. Thomas, B. F. Cronise, W. O. Fries, G. W. Howe,
W. Lutz, J. W. Nihiser, J. D. Donovan, A. Hoover, G. Huffman, C.
Miller, S. Scott — 17.
Visiting ministers: D. K. Flickinger, J. Dickson, J. X. Quigley,
G. H. Snapp, D. D. DeLong.
Died: Zimri Umstot, aged about 43; Joseph E. Widmeyer, aged 26.
Voted to purchase Shenandoah Seminary. Trustees and agent chosen.
Ordained: W. L. Martin.
Preachers' Aid Fund, $2,109.07.
Resolutions adopted relative to Senator G. B. Keezell's letter to
the State Superintendent of Public Instruction.
Appointments, 221; organized churches, 188; members received,
1,045; at end of year, 8,975; Telescopes, 850; meeting houses, 116
value, $122,374; parsonage, 11, value, $12,055; Sunday Schools,
152
teachers and officers, 1,324; scholars, 8,226; collected for
missions
$1,295.28; for all purposes, $29,209.48; salaries of preachers,
$16,903.81.
Presiding elders: J. W. Howe (Shen. Dist.), C. M. Hott, (Poto-
mac Dist.), J. K. Nelson, (South Branch Dist.).
Appointed:
Churchville, J. W. Hicks;
Augusta, S. K. Wine;
Rockbridge, A. S. Castle;
Dayton station, G. P. Hott;
Dayton, G. J. Roudabush;
Lacey Spring, J. W. Funk;
Elkton, J. M. Hott;
Madison, to be supplied;
South River mission, N. A. Kiracofe;
Edinburg, J. E. Hott, and one to be supplied;
Winchester mission, A. M. Horn;
Front Royal mission, to be supplied;
Singers Glen, N. F. A. Cupp;
Freedmen's mission, T. K. Clifford;
Boonsboro, C. H. Crowell;
CHURCH HISTORY 285
Keedysville, J. R. Ridenour;
Hagerstown, W. R. Berry;
Hagerstown station, W. O. Fries;
Myersville, I. M. Underwood;
Mechanicstown, W. L. Martin;
Frederick, S. H. Snell;
Frederick station, A. M. Evers;
Potomac, J. W. Kiracofe;
Martinsburg station, M. F. Keiter;
Clarke mission, J. H. Parlett;
Fauquier mission, to be supplied by P. E.;
Winchester station, C. P. Dyche;
Bloomery, P. J. Lawrence;
North River mission, to be supplied;
Berkeley Springs, J. D. Donovan;
Lost River mission, J. G. Ketterman;
Franklin, W. S. Rau;
North Fork mission, A. Day;
South Branch, J. M. Rodruck;
New Creek, W. H. Sampsell;
Alleghany, W. Hesse;
Elk Garden mission, W. H. Clary;
Garrett mission, E. A. Pugh;
Berkeley mission, J. A. Negley;
bishop Ohio District, J. J. Glossbrenner;
editor Telescope, J. W. Hott;
agent Lebanon Valley College, D. D. Keedy;
principal Shenandoah Seminary, J. N. Fries;
missionary to west coast Africa, J. A. Evans;
agent for Conference school, Henry Jones.
1885
Conference at Frederick, Md., March 5.
John Dickson, bishop; A. P. Funkhouser, G. P. Hott, secretaries.
Present: W. R. Berry, W. H. Clary, C. P. Dyche, J. D. Freed,
J. J. Glossbrenner, J. W. Hicks, G. P. Hott, J. W. Howe, J. W.
Kira-
cofe, W. L. Martin, J. K. Nelson, J. M. Roderick, W. H. Sampsell,
C. I. B. Brane, C. H. Crowell, A. M. Horn, J. W. Funk, J. H. Rau,
J. E. Hott, H. Jones, M. L. Mayselles, J. H. Parlett, G. J.
Roudabush,
S. H. Snell, L. O. Burtner, A. Day, J. N. Fries, A. P. Funkhouser,
W. Hesse, C. M. Hott, J. W. Hott, D. D. Keedy, P. J. Lawrence,
W. J. Miller, J. R. Ridenour, M. A. Salt, C. W. Stinespring, I. M.
Underwood, W. O. Fries, W. S. Rau, J. D. Donovan, J. E. B. Rice,
S. K. Wine, H. H. Fout, S. D. Skelton, A. Hoover, J. Zarman, J. A.
Negley, R. Byrd, E. Ludwick — 53.
Absent: J. M. Bolton, G. W. Howe, C. Miller, P. H. Thomas, J. S.
Grimm, B. F. Cronise, G. Huffman, J. W. Nihiser, W. H. Burtner,
G. Harman, J. A. Evans, W. Lutz, S. Scott, M. F. Keiter, G. W.
Rexrode — 15.
Visiting ministers: W. J. Shuey, J. X. Quigley, Z. C. Mower,
J. L. Grimm, C. A. Burtner, S. R. Gipple, D. Speck, C. T. Stearn,
D. D. DeLong.
Licentiates: R. Byrd, S. D. Skelton, H. H. Fout, J. E. B. Rice,
N. F. A. Cupp, W. S. Rau.
Died: Jacob F. Hott, aged 62; J. G. Ketterman, aged 50.
Open transfers to C. W. Stinespring, J. D. Freed, E. Ludwick,
M. A. Salt.
Ordained: W. O. Fries, C. P. Dyche, W. H. Sampsell, P. J.
Lawrence, W. H. Clary.
Collected on Albin fund, $1,628.55.
286 UNITED BRETHREN
Preachers' Aid Fund, $2,073.44.
Appointments, 220; organized churches, 191; members received.
983; at end of year, 9,221; Telescopes, 787; meeting houses, 188,
value, $129,690; parsonages, 12, value, $12,224; Sunday Schools,
165; teachers and officers, 1,561; scholars, 9,073; collected for
mis-
sions, $1,194.56; for all purposes, $32,516.78; preachers'
salaries,
$11,270.15.
Presiding elders: C. M. Hott, (Potomac Dist.), C. I. B. Brane,
(Shen. Dist.), J. W. Howe.
Appointed:
Boonsboro, C. H. Crowell;
Keedysville station, J. K. Nelson;
Hagerstown, W. R. Berry;
Hagerstown station, W. O. Fries;
Myersville, I. M. Underwood;
Mechanicstown, W. L. Martin;
Frederick, S. H. Snell;
Frederick station, A. M. Evers;
Potomac, H. H. Fout;
Martinsburg station, J. R. Ridenour;
Clarke mission, J. E. B. Rice;
Churchville, S. K. Wine;
Augusta, C. P. Dyche;
Rockbridge, R. Byrd;
Dayton. H. Jones;
Dayton station, J. W. Howe;
Lacey Spring station, J. W. Funk;
Elkton, J. M. Hott;
Madison, J. W. Maiden (by P. E.);
South River mission, J. M. Bolton;
Edinburg, J. E. Hott;
Toms Brook mission, P. J. Lawrence;
Winchester, A. M. Horn;
Front Royal mission, I. T. Parlett;
Singers Glen, N. F. A. Cupp;
Freedmen's mission, T. K. Clifford;
Winchester station, G. P. Hott;
Bloomery. W. Hesse;
Morgan, M. L. Mayselles;
Berkeley mission, J. A. Negley;
Petersburg, to be supplied;
North Fork mission, G. Harman;
Westernport mission, W. H. Clary;
Lost River mission, N. A. Kiracofe;
Franklin, W. S. Rau;
South Branch, J. M. Rodruck;
New Creek, W. H. Sampsell;
Alleghany, A. Day;
Elk Garden, A. S. Castle;
Garrett mission, E. A. Pugh;
Berkeley Springs, J. D. Donovan;
bishop Ohio District, J. J. Glossbrenner;
editor Telescope, J. W. Hott;
agent Shenandoah Institute, J. N. Fries;
missionary in Africa, J. A. Evans.
1886
Conference at Berkeley Springs, W. Va., March 3.
John Dickson, bishop; G. P. Hott, W. L. Martin, secretaries.
Present: W. R. Berry, C. H. Crowell, A. M. Evers, J. J. Gloss-
brenner, A. M. Horn, J. W. Hott, H. Jones, P. J. Lawrence. W. J.
Miller, J. R. Ridenour, W. H. Sampsell, S. K. Wine, J. A. Negley,
J. D. Donovan, J. W. Nihiser, G. W. Rexrode, C. I. B. Brane, A.
Day,
J. N. Fries, J. Harp, C. M. Hott, J. E. Hott, D. D. Keedy, W. L.
Martin, J. K. Nelson, J. M. Rodruck, S. H. Snell, W. O. Fries, S.
D.
Skelton, J. E. B. Rice, S. Scott, N. A. Kiracofe, N. F. A. Cupp,
W. H. Clary, C. P. Dyche, A. P. Funkhouser, J. W. Hicks, G. P.
Hott,
J. W. Howe, J. W. Kiracofe, M. L. Mayselles, I. T. Parlett, G. J.
Roudabush, I. M. Underwood, H. H. Fout, R. Byrd, J. M. Bolton,
M. F. Keiter, A. S. Hammack, G. B. Fadeley — 50.
CHURCH HISTORY 287
Absent: L. O. Burtner, J. H. Parlett, B. F. Cronise, G. Hoff-
man, P. H. Thomas, G. Harman, J. D. Freed, W. S. Rau, J. A. Evans,
W. Lutz, W. H. Burtner, J. M. Hott, A, Hoover, G. W. Howe, C.
Miller, J. S. Grimm — 16.
Visiting ministers: D. R. Miller, Z. Warner, J. P. Miller, L.
W. Stahl.
Licentiates: N. A. Kiracofe, G. B. Fadeley, A. S. Castle, A. S.
Hammack, A. N. Horn.
Transfers to J. W. Funk, W. Hesse.
Preachers' Aid Fund, $2,011.67.
Died: Jacob Zarman, aged 71.
Ordained: Albert Day, J. M. Bolton.
Resolutions adopted against a division of the Conference, as
proposed by the last General Conference.
Transfer of G. J. Roudabush returned.
Appointments, 216; organized churches, 168; members received,
1,105; at end of year, 9,422; Telescopes, 497; meeting houses,
122;
value, $131,796; parsonages, 13, value, $13,439; Sunday Schools,
163; teachers and officers, 1,423; scholars, 9,189; collected for
mis-
sions, $1,003.81; for all purposes, $24,150.74; salaries of
ministers,
$10,872.61.
Presiding elders: A. M. Evers, (Potomac Dist.), J. W. Howe,
(Shen. Dist.), J. W. Hicks, (South Branch Dist.).
Appointed:
Boonsboro, C. M. Hott;
Keedysville station, J. K. Nelson;
Hagerstown, S. H. Snell;
Hagerstown station, C. I. B. Brane;
Myersville, I. M. Underwood;
Mechanicstown, G. J. Roudabush;
Frederick, W. L. Martin;
Frederick station, W. O. Fries;
Potomac, H. H. Fout;
Martinsburg station, J. R. Ridenour;
Berkeley, J. D. Freed;
Vanclevesville, to be supplied;
Churchville, S. K. Wine;
Augusta, C. P. Dyche;
Rockbridge, R. Byrd;
Dayton, H. Jones;
Dayton station, A. P. Funkhouser;
Lacey Spring station, J. D. Donovan;
Elkton, J. M. Hott;
Madison, W. S. Rau;
Cross Keys, W. H. Sampsell;
Edinburg, C. H. Crowell, and one to be supplied;
Winchester, J. E. Hott;
Winchester station, G. P. Hott;
Front Royal mission, J. A. Negley;
Singers Glen, J. E. B. Rice;
Freedmen's mission, T. K. Clifford;
Bloomery, G. B. Fadeley;
Franklin, N. F. A. Cupp;
North Fork mission, S. Scott;
Westernport station, J. M. Bolton;
Lost River mission, N. A. Kiracofe;
South Branch, P. J. Lawrence;
New Creek, W. H. Clary;
Lonaconing, N. H. Meese;
Deer Park mission, A. Day;
Elk Garden, S. A. Castle;
Garrett, E. A. Pugh;
Berkeley Springs, W. R. Berry;
bishop emeritus, J. J. Glossbrenner;
editor Telescope, J. W. Hott;
principal Shenandoah Institute, J. N. Fries;
missionary in Africa, J. A. Evans.
288 UNITED BRETHREN
1887
Conference at Keedysville, Md., March 2.
Jonathan Weaver, bishop; G. P. Hott, W. L. Martin, secretaries.
Visiting ministers: L. W. Stahl, W. McKee, D. R. Miller, J. P.
Miller, _____ Burkholder, J. L. Grimm, C. W. Stinespring, R. Cow-
den, J. X. Quigley, H. C. Deaner, T. F. Bushong, H. A. Schlicter.
Licentiates: W. F. Gruver, George M. Gruber, T. K. Clifford.
In treasury, $1,763.01.
Conference Educational Fund, $469.78.
Of the Maryland District, eight out of nine quarterly confer-
ences voted for the establishing of the Maryland Conference,
which was accordingly formed.
Ordained: N. F. A. Cupp, S. D. Skelton, J. E. B. Rice, H. H. Fout,
M. L. Mayselles, R. Byrd.
Preachers' Aid Fund, $2,009.22.
Mission opened in Staunton and pastor appointed.
Died: J. J. Glossbrenner.
Conference funds divided, except Albin will fund, so as to give
seven-tenths to Virginia, three-tenths to Maryland.
Appointments, 213: organized churches, 190; members received,
1,126; at end of year, 9,663; Telescopes, 536; meeting houses,
126,
value, $146,616; parsonages, 12, value, $13,138; collected for
mis-
sions, $1,095.56; for all purposes, $24,639.31; ministers'
salaries,
$11,018.39.
The following members went to the Maryland Conference: J.
M. Bolton, C. I. B. Brane, A. S. Castle, B. F. Cronise, A. M.
Evers
H. H. Fout, W. O. Fries, J. S. Grimm, G. M. Gruber, J. Harp, J. W.
Hicks, A. N. Horn, C. M. Hott, D. D. Keedy, N. A. Kiracofe, J. W.
Kiracofe, W. L. Martin. J. K. Nelson, G. J. Roudabush, S. H.
Snell,
S. K. Wine — 21.
The following went to the Virginia Conference: W. R. Berry,
W. H. Burtner, L. O. Burtner, R. Byrd, W. H. Clary, T. K.
Clifford,
C. H. Crowell, N. F. A. Cupp, J. D. Donovan, C. P. Dyche, J. A.
Evans, G. B. Fadeley, J. N. Fries, A. P. Funkhouser, W. F. Gruver,
A. S. Hammack, George Harman, George Huffman, A. Hoover,
A. M. Horn, J. M. Hott, G. P. Hott, J. W. Howe, G. W. Howe, H.
Jones, M. F. Keiter, P. J. Lawrence, William Lutz, M. L.
Mayselles,
W. J. Miller, Charles Miller, J. A. Negley, J. W. Nihiser, I. T.
Par-
lett, J. H. Parlett, G. W. Rexrode, J. E. B. Rice, J. R. Ridenour,
J. M. Rodruck, W. H. Sampsell, S. Scott, S. D. Skelton, P. H.
Thomas, I. M. Underwood — 46.
Presiding elders: C. P. Dyche, (Shen. Dist.), C. H. Crowell,
(Winchester Dist.), A. M. Evers, (Md. Conf.).
Appointed (Va.):
Edinburg, I. M. Underwood;
Lacey Spring, J. D. Donovan;
Dayton, R. Byrd;
Dayton station, A. P. Funkhouser;
CHURCH HISTORY 289
Augusta, J. M. Hott;
Churchville, J. E. B. Rice;
Rockbridge, S. D. Skelton;
Luray mission, to be supplied;
Madison, G. H. Snapp;
Cross Keys, W. H. Sampsell;
Front Royal, _____ Walters;
Singers Glen, W. F. Gruver;
Elkton, G. B. Fadeley;
Freedmen's mission, T. K. Clifford;
Winchester station, G. P. Hott;
Bloomery, J. M. Rodruck;
Franklin, N. F. A. Cupp;
North Fork, G. W. Rexrode;
Lost River mission, J. A. Negley;
South Branch, W. D. Barger;
New Creek, W. H. Clary;
Berkeley Springs, W. R. Berry;
Vanclevesville, W. B. Evers;
Martinsburg station, J. R. Ridenour;
Berkeley, J. D. Freed;
Winchester, J. E. Hott;
Hartmansville mission, to be supplied;
editor Telescope, J. W. Hott;
principal Shenandoah Institute, J. N. Fries;
missionary in Africa, J. A. Evans.
Appointed (Md.):
Alleghany, A. M. Horn;
Locaconing, M. H. Meese;
Westernport station, P. J. Lawrence;
Keedysville station, S. H. Snell;
Boonsboro, C. M. Hott;
Hagerstown, J. K. Nelson;
Hagerstown station, C. I. B. Brane;
Potomac, N. A. Kiracofe;
Myersville, J. W. Hicks;
Mechanicsville, G. J. Roudabush;
Frederick, W. L. Martin;
Frederick station, S. K. Wine;
principal West Virginia Academy, W. O. Fries.
1888
Conference at Dayton, Va., March 4.
E. B. Kephart, bishop; G. P. Hott, A. P. Funkhouser, secretaries.
Visiting ministers: M. O. Lane, J. M. Lesher, D. D. Keedy, E. S.
Lorenz, G. H. Snapp, C. M. Hott, S. K. Wine, C. P. Doyle, Mrs.
L. R. Keister.
Licentiates: George W. Stover, W. P. Bazzle.
Died: J. M. Rodruck, aged 73.
In treasury, $1,842.38.
Ministerial Benefit Fund, $1,465.65.
Educational Aid Fund, $381.10.
Appointments, 159; organized churches, 138; members received,
793; at end of year, 7,818; Telescopes, 280; meeting houses, 100,
value, $82,305; parsonages, 9, value, $7,203; Sunday Schools, 128;
teachers and officers, 973; scholars, 6,972; collected for
missions,
$682.11; for all purposes, $17,324.69; preachers' salaries,
$6,870.
Presiding elders: C. H. Crowell, (Winchester Dist.), C. P.
Dyche, (Shen. Dist.).
Appointed:
Hartmansville mission, W. P. Bazzle;
Berkeley, A. M. Horn;
Winchester station, to be supplied;
Frederick, W. H. Sampsell;
Berkeley Springs, W. R. Berry;
South Branch, N. F. A. Cupp;
Martinsburg station, J. R. Ridenour;
Vanclevesville, to be supplied;
New Creek, W. H. Clary;
North Fork, G. W. Rexrode;
Lost River, J. A. Negley;
Franklin, to be supplied;
Bloomery, E. A. Pugh;
Front Royal, L. C. Frederick;
Churchville, J. E. B. Rice;
Lacey Spring, J. D. Donovan;
Edinburg, I. M. Underwood;
290 UNITED BRETHREN
Dayton station, R. Byrd;
Augusta, J. M. Hott;
Staunton station, J. W. Howe;
Elkton, G. B. Fadeley;
Rockbridge, S. D. Skelton;
Cross Keys, J. E. Hott;
Madison mission, G. H. Snapp;
Fauquier mission, to be supplied;
Freedmen's mission, T. K. Clifford.
1889
Conference at Martinsburg, W. Va., March 6.
Nicholas Castle, bishop; G. P. Hott, A. P. Funkhouser,
secretaries.
Visiting ministers: B. F. Booth, G. H. Snapp, A. M. Evers, M. O.
Lane, C. I. B. Brane, C. M. Hott.
Licentiates: J. C. S. Myers, J. R. Chamberlain, W. O. Ewing,
S. L. Rice, E. A. Pugh.
In treasury, $1,717.40.
Died: George Huffman, Oct. 22, 1888, aged 82; P. H. Thomas.
Feb. 13, 1889, aged 72.
L. O. Burtner transferred to Maryland Conference.
Appointments, 159: organized churches, 142; members received,
515: at end of year, 7,159; Telescopes, 301: meeting houses, 101,
value, $84,740; parsonages, 8, value, $6,839.50; Sunday School,
112;
teachers and officers, 840; scholars, 6,488; collected for
missions,
$647.66; for all purposes, $16,207.34; preachers' salaries,
$6,248.29.
Presiding elders: C. H. Crowell, (Winchester Dist.), C. P.
Dyche, (Shen. Dist.).
Appointed:
Hartmansville mission, E. A. Pugh;
Berkeley, A. M. Horn;
Berkeley Springs, W. R. Berry;
Winchester station, J. B. Chamberlain;
Frederick, W. H. Sampsell;
South Branch, N. F. A. Cupp;
Martinsburg station, J. R. Ridenour;
Vanclevesville, W. O. Ewing;
New Creek, W. H. Clary;
Lost River, J. A. Negley;
Franklin, W. P. Bazzle;
Bloomery, P. J. Lawrence;
Front Royal, J. W. Walter;
Churchville, J. E. B. Rice;
Lacey Spring, W. F. Gruver;
Edinburg, R. Byrd;
Dayton, I. M. Underwood;
Singers Glen, J. D. Donovan;
Augusta, S. D. Skelton;
Staunton station, J. W. Howe;
Elkton, G. B. Fadeley;
Rockbridge, J. M. Hott;
Cross Keys, S. L. Rice;
Madison mission, J. W. Maiden;
Fauquier mission, to be supplied;
Freedmen's mission, T. K. Clifford.
1890
Conference at Winchester, Va., March 5.
Jonathan Weaver, bishop; G. P. Hott, W. R. Berry, secretaries.
Delegates present: P. C. Tutwiler, Byrd Clapsaddle, D. W.
Brenneman, R. E. Donovan, H. H. Hanger, C. W. Jones, Thomas
Hancher, J. G. Kitchen, R. F. Long, J. Taylor, D. O. Fout — 11.
Visiting ministers: John Hill, J. W. Kiracofe, J. K. Nelson, L. O.
Burtner, G. W. Statton, S. H. Snell, C. W. Stinespring, D. D.
Keedy.
In treasury, $1,702.92.
CHURCH HISTORY 291
Preachers' Aid Fund, $1,365.46.
Educational Aid Fund, $345.75.
Licentiates: J. F. Snyder, R. L. Dorsey, J. E. Fout.
Ordained: A. S. Hammack, T. K. Clifford.
Died: Henry Jones, Aug. 23, 1889, aged 52; George W. Howe,
Mar. 19, 1889, aged 57.
Appointments, 149; organized churches, 136; members received,
595; at end of year, 7,309; Sunday Schools, 129; teachers and
officers, 993; scholars, 7,516; churches, 101: value, $81,866:
par-
sonages, 8, value, $5,691; collected for missions, $579.52; for
all
purposes, $15,131.63; preachers' salaries, $7,668.32.
Presiding elders: C. P. Dyche, (Shen. Dist.), C. H. Crowell,
(Winchester Dist.).
Appointed:
Rockbridge. J. M. Hott;
Staunton mission station, J. D. Donovan;
Augusta, S. D. Skelton;
North Fork, N. A. Kiracofe;
Franklin, J. E. Fout;
Singers Glen, J. E. Hott;
Churchville, G. W. Statton;
Lacey Spring, G. B. Fadeley;
Edinburg, W. R. Berry;
Dayton, I. M. Underwood;
Elkton, W. F. Gruver;
Madison mission, J. W. Maiden;
Cross Keys, S. L. Rice;
Freedmen's mission, T. K. Clifford;
Toms Brook, R. Byrd;
Front Royal, J. W. Walter;
Hartmansville mission, E. A. Pugh;
Winchester, J. R. Chamberlain;
Frederick, W. H. Sampsell;
Berkeley Springs, J. E. B. Rice;
South Branch, N. F. A. Cupp;
Martinsburg station, J. R. Ridenour:
Vanclevesville, W. O. Ewing;
Lost River, J. F. Snyder;
New Creek, W. J. Miller;
Bloomery, P. J. Lawrence;
Moorefield, W. P. Bazzle.
1891
Conference at Churchville, Va., March 4.
John Dickson, bishop; G. P. Hott, W. R. Berry, secretaries.
Visiting ministers: G. W. Statton, G. H. Snapp, J. W. Ingle, B.
F. Booth, C. I. B. Brane, W. J. Shuey, A. M. Horn, N. A. Kiracofe.
Open transfer to W. J. Miller.
Licentiates: E. W. McMullen, B. P. S. Busey.
M. F. Keiter, I. T. Parlett, J. H. Parlett marked
"irregularly
withdrawn," having joined the radical wing.
Ordained: J. R. Chamberlain.
In treasury, $1,750.87.
Preachers' Aid Fund, $1,531.73.
Educational Aid Fund, $345.73.
Special collection ordered taken in all the Sunday schools for
the benefit of the church now building in Washington, D. C.
Appointments, 161; organized churches, 148; members received,
800; at end of year, 7,61; Telescopes, 213; meeting houses, 102,
value, $86,955; parsonages, 9, value, $7,381; Sunday Schools, 126;
teachers and officers, 1,002; scholars, 7,646; collected for
missions,
$704.31; for all purposes, $17,042.48; preachers' salaries,
$7,737.55.
292 UNITED BRETHREN
1892
Conference at Berkeley Springs, W. Va., March 2.
E. B. Kephart, bishop; G. P. Hott, J. B. Chamberlain, secretaries.
Visiting ministers: William McKee, M. L. Mayselles, N. A.
Kiracofe.
Licentiate: J. W. Maiden.
Mission work begun in Shenandoah in June, 1891, by S. K. Wine.
Mission opened in Roanoke, May, 1891, by J. E. Pout, a student,
A. P. Funkhouser guaranteeing him $100 for his work in summer
vacation. J. W. Howe served the mission after Mr. Fout returned
to the seminary. Special collection ordered by vote of Conference
for this mission, and $255 subscribed on the floor.
Ordained: S. L. Rice, W. O. Ewing, J. F. Snyder.
In treasury, $1,669.67.
Educational Aid Fund, $345.73.
Ministerial Benefit fund, $1,597.72.
Appointments, 161; organized churches, 147; Sunday Schools,
137; teachers and officers, 1,003; scholars, 7,819; members
received,
832; at end of year, 7,819; Telescopes, 251; meeting houses, 104,
value, $89,150; parsonages, 12, value, $7,640; collected for mis-
sions, $841.90; for all purposes, $16,046.71; preachers' salaries,
$8,889.24.
1893
Conference at Hawkinstown, Va., March 1.
Nicholas Castle, bishop; G. P. Hott, J. B. Chamberlain,
secretaries.
Visiting ministers: I. L. Kephart, A. M. Evers, W. O. Fries,
Pres. E. B. Bierman.
Licentiate: J. W. Walter.
Transferred: I. M. Underwood.
Died: Charles Miller, Mar. 9, 1892, aged 67; J. W. Nihiser, Feb.
1893, aged 66.
Virginia Conference, Young People's Christian Union, organized.
In treasury, $1,950.03.
Appointments, 161; organized churches, 138; members received,
897; at end of year, 8,076; Telescopes, 263; Sunday Schools, 122;
teachers and officers, 931; scholars, 7,153; meeting houses, 104,
value, $90,707; parsonages, 14, value, $10,049; collected for mis-
sions, $787; for all purposes, $21,589.08; preachers' salaries.
$9,340.15.
1894
Conference at Staunton, Va., February 28.
E. P. Kephart, bishop; G. P. Hott, W. R. Berry, secretaries.
CHURCH HISTORY 293
Visiting ministers: W. J. Shuey, W. M. Bell, C. I. B. Brane, J. P.
Anthony, L. Rexrode.
Licentiates: S. R. Ludwig, O. W. Burtner, G. W. Stover, S. D.
Dawson, J. W. Brill.
Received as elder from Methodist Protestant Church, W. L.
Childress.
R. L. Dorsey dismissed and name stricken from roll.
Transferred: J. E. Fout.
J. W. Howe presented a life-sized portrait of himself by mem-
bers of the Conference and friends. Presentation by bishop.
In treasury, $2,859.87, of which $1,500 is for benefit of Lacey
Spring.
Preachers' Aid Fund, $1,644.98, to which is added in per-
manency, $100 donated by J. W. Howe.
Appointments, 156; organized churches, 146; members received,
1,572; at end of year, 8,597; Sunday Schools, 132; teachers and
officers, 1,039; scholars, 7,426; meeting houses, 107, value,
$101.960;
parsonages, 16, value, $12,697; Telescopes, 377; collected for
mis-
sions, $878.81; for all purposes, $22,451.33; salaries of
preachers,
$9,7330.65.
1895
Conference at Martinsburg, W. Va., March 20.
J. S. Mills, bishop; G. P. Hott, W. R. Berry, secretaries.
Visiting ministers: W. M. Bell, A. M. Elvers, W. L. Mayselles,
G. H. Snapp, J. W. Kiracofe, G. W. Kiracofe, C. W. Stinespring, A.
N. Horn, J. Dickson, G. J. Roudabush, I. L. Kephart, J. T.
Spangler.
Licentiates: S. A. Crabill, W. O. Jones, W. H. Bruce, C. D. Ben-
nett, H. E. Richardson, A. J. Secrist.
In treasury, $3,136.
Educational Fund, $412.80.
Preachers' Aid Fund, $1,938.45.
Ordained: B. P. S. Busey, W. P. Bazzle.
Resolution adopted inviting Maryland Conference to reunite
with the Virginia Conference.
Appointments, 181; organized churches, 164; members received,
1,351; at end of year, 9,282; Sunday Schools, 137; teachers and
officers, 1,046; scholars, 8,014; meeting houses, 109, value,
$100,765:
parsonages, 16, value, $12,791; Telescopes, 460; collected for
mis-
sions, $1,127.21; for all purposes, $23,106.32; preachers
salaries,
$10,202.91.
1896
Conference at Broadway, Va., March 18.
Nicholas Castle, bishop; G. P. Hott, W. R. Berry, secretaries.
Visiting ministers: M. R. Drury, W. M. Weekley, G. H. Snapp,
294 UNITED BRETHREN
W. L. Martin, G. J. Roudabush, J. B. Chamberlain, H. H. Fout,
S. H. Snell, H. B. Dohmer.
Received: S. K. Wine.
Ordained: G. W. Stover, J. W. Maiden.
E. S. Tabler, B. F. Gruver, E. M. Baker, J. W. Keiter, C. M.
Strickler, J. A. Noon nominated as candidates to be voted for as
lay delegates to next General Conference.
In treasury, $3,233.86.
Mutual Benefit Fund, $1,848.54.
Educational Aid Fund, $419,54.
Appointments, 184; organized churches, 168; members received,
1,270; at end of year, 9,652; Sunday Schools, 145; scholars,
8,180;
meeting houses, 118, value, $111,471; parsonages, 14, value,
$11,706;
Telescopes, 485; collected for missions, $1,099.55; for all
purposes,
$24,593.52; preachers' salaries, $10,563.47.
1897
Conference at Roanoke, Va., March 17.
J. W. Hott, bishop; G. P. Hott, W. R. Berry, W. O. Ewing,
secretaries.
Visiting ministers: W. M. Bell, S. W. Paul, H. B. Dohmer, E. V.
Hoenshel.
Licentiates: L. A. Racey, J. H. Brunk, J. W. Stearn, George M.
Jones, W. A. Black, Lau Seng Nam (of Canton, China).
Transferred: J. E. B. Rice.
Raised on Conference floor for church just built in Johnson
City, Tenn., $80.
In treasury, $3,250.
Ministerial Benefit Fund, $1,820.20.
Educational Aid Fund, $433.69.
Appointments, 185; organized churches, 165; members received,
1,089; at end of year, 9,859; Sunday Schools, 150; teachers and
officers, 1,099; scholars, 8,859; Telescopes, 446; meeting houses,
118; value, $108,490; parsonages, 17, value, $12,300; collected
for
missions, $1,163.18; for all purposes, $25,890.12; salaries of
preach-
ers, $11,100.80.
1898
Conference at Toms Brook, Va., March 16.
E. B. Kephart, bishop; G. P. Hott, W. F. Gruver, W. R. Berry,
secretaries.
Visiting ministers: G. H. Snapp, L. Walter Lutz, W. R. Funk,
H. B. Dohmer, S. W. Paul, A. B. Statton, R. Byrd, C. W. Brewbaker,
H. H. Fout, N. W. Burtner, J. E. Fout, H. U. Roop, Dr. T. C.
Carter.
Licentiates: L. O. Bricker, A. P. Walton, T. J. Feaster, A. R.
Hendrickson.
CHURCH HISTORY 295
Ordained: A. J. Secrist, C. D. Bennett, H. K. Richardson, S. A.
Crabill.
Ordination of G. K. Little, evangelist, was by request of Pennsyl-
vania Conference arranged to occur in August at Assembly Park.
Recommended that every charge in the Conference raise a per-
manent fund of one dollar per member, on an average, for Shen-
andoah Institute.
In treasury, $3,274.55.
Educational Aid Fund, $433.69.
Preachers' Aid Fund, $1,945.18.
Appointments, 180; organized churches, 154; members received,
1.430; at end of year, 10,978; Sunday Schools, 134; scholars,
8,343;
Telescopes, 587; meeting houses, 116, value, $113,404: parsonages,
17, value, $14,067; collected for missions, $1,143.41; for all
pur-
poses, $27,568.83; preachers' salaries, $14.277.20.
1899
Conference at Winchester, Va., March 15.
E. B. Kephart, bishop; G. P. Hott, W. R. Berry, A. S. Hammack.
secretaries.
Visiting ministers: W. M. Weekley. T. C. Carter, M. L. May-
selles, A. N. Horn, W. R. Funk, J. C. Gardner, L. O. Burtner. J.
B.
Chamberlain, E. U. Hoenshel, E. G. Spessard, A. M. Evers, H. U.
Roop, J. E. B. Rice.
Received: L. W. Lutz.
Transferred: E. A. Pugh.
Ordained: A. P. Walton.
Died: W. O. Ewing, Oct. 18, 1898, aged 32; George W. Rexrode.
Mar. 25, 1898, aged 77.
G. P. Hott and A. P. Funkhouser a committee to visit Newport
News "and examine the outlook for establishing a church in
that
city in the near future."
Appointments, 185; organized churches, 158; members received,
1,285; at end of year, 10,383; Sunday schools, 137; teachers and
officers, 1,210; scholars, 8,680; Telescopes, 558; meeting houses,
124, value, $121,186; parsonage, 19, value, $16,396; collected for
missions, $1,013.51; for all purposes, $28,268.23; salaries of
preach-
ers, $13,545.76; active itinerants, 33; supernumerary, 3; super-
annuated, 2; employed local preachers, 6; unemployed local
preachers, 8.
1900
Conference at Harrisonburg, Va., March 21-26.
J. W. Hott, bishop; G. P. Hott, secretary.
Present, 48 ministers; absent, 10; delegates present, 24.
Visiting ministers: J. B. Chamberlain, J. C. Gardner, A. N.
296 UNITED BRETHREN
Horn, C. W. Hutsler, W. M. Bell, A. W. Lane, J. E. Hott, A. M.
Evers. L. O. Burtner, C. W. Stinespring, J. L. Grimm, G. H. Snapp,
W. M. Weekley, E. U. Hoenshel.
Ordained: J. C. S. Myers, L. O. Bricker, J. W. Walter. J. H.
Brunk, W. A. Black, L. W. Lutz, L. A. Racey.
B. P. S. Busey transferred to Rock River Conference.
T. C. Carter received from East Tennessee Conference.
Henry Tallhelm chosen elder.
Presiding elders: G. P. Hott, J. D. Donovan.
Elected to itinerancy: L. O. Bricker, A. P. Walton.
A. P. Walton elected Sunday School Secretary and Treasurer.
Died: E. A. Pugh.
Licentiates: (1st year) W. O. Jones, George M. Jones, O. W.
Burtner, A. R. Hendrickson, C. M. Good, Ida M. Judy, T. C. Harper,
E. A. Stanton, W. S. Rau; (2d year) J. W. Stearn, G. A. Newman;
(3rd year) J. C. S. Myers. J. W. Brill, W. A. Black, E. W.
McMullen,
J. W. Walter, T. J. Feaster.
The report on boundaries recommended that there be two pre-
siding elder districts; that Berkeley circuit be called Jones
Spring
circuit; that Galena and Arbor Hill be added to Rockbridge
circuit;
that Cross Keys circuit be re-named Pleasant Valley circuit; that
Edinburg circuit be attached to Winchester district.
A resolution adopted condemning the liquor trade in new pos-
sessions of the United States.
Interesting reports on missions, education, and the publishing
interests of the church.
1901
Conference at Churchville, Va., March 13-17.
E. B. Kephart, bishop; G. P. Hott, secretary.
Advisory seats given to W. B. Keeley, W. S. Campbell, Dr. W.
R. Funk.
Reporter: A. P. Funkhouser.
Next General Conference asked to define the boundary of this
Conference so as to include in it all of Alleghany county (Md.),
and all of Garrett east of the Alleghany Divide.
W. F. Gruver, A. P. Funkhouser appointed delegates to the
Anti-Saloon League meeting at Washington, D. C., in December.
Ordered that Mt. Pleasant be detached from Winchester circuit
and added to Inwood circuit; that Red Bud be detached from
Inwood and added to Winchester; that Claysville be attached to
New Creek circuit; that Virginia Mission district be divided into
Staunton and Linville circuits.
W. L. Childress, H. E. Richardson transferred to Maryland
Conference; Dr. T. C. Carter granted an open transfer.
Itinerants: T. J. Feaster, E. A. Stanton.
CHURCH HISTORY 297
Presiding elders: G. P. Hott, J. D. Donovan.
To open a mission at Ponce, Porto Rico, $150 secured.
Died: A. Hoover.
Ordained: J. W. Brill, T. J. Feaster, Ida M. Judy.
Constitutional Convention petitioned to allow a vote on the
liquor question as an addendum to the State Constitution of
Virginia.
Licentiates: (1st year) W. O. Jones, G. M. Jones, O. W. Burtner,
A. R. Hendrickson, C. M. Good, T. C. Harper, W. S. Rau, J. B.
Ferguson, J. W. Stearn; (2d year) G. A. Newman, Ida M. Judy, E.
A. Stanton; (3d year) J. C. S. Myers, J. W. Brill, E. W. McMullen,
J. W. Walter, L. O. Bricker.
Sunday School Secretary and Treasurer, A. P. Walton.
Secretary Historical Society, N. F. A. Cupp.
Trustees Lebanon Valley College: S. D. Skelton, S. K. Wine,
H. B. Miller.
Trustees Shenandoah Institute: J. C. S. Myers, G. B. Fadeley,
A. P. Funkhouser.
Conference Mission Secretary: W. R. Berry.
Ministers present, 43; absent, 18; delegates, 19.
Leading reports: Temperance, missions, education, Sunday
Schools, young people's societies.
1902
Conference met at Lacey Spring, March 12-16.
J. S. Mills, bishop; G. P. Hott, secretary.
Reporters: A. P. Funkhouser, J. O. Long.
Advisory seats given to H. H. Fout, E. U. Hoenshel, J. G.
Roudabush.
O. W. Burtner transferred to Pennsylvania Conference.
Ordained: W. O. Jones, A. R. Hendrickson.
Ordered that Shendun and Belvidere be detached from Augusta
circuit to form Basic City circuit; that Camp Hill be detached
from Capon circuit to form nucleus of a new charge; that a mis-
sion be established in Cumberland, Md.
S. E. Boyd, of Methodist Episcopal Church, South, received as
ordained elder.
Missionary Treasurer: W. R. Berry.
Treasurer Conference Educational Society: J. N. Fries.
Sunday School Secretary and Treasurer: J. H. Brunk.
Presiding elders: J. D. Donovan, A. S. Hammack.
Died: Snowden Scott.
Licentiates: (1st year) C. M. Good, T. C. Harper, J. W. Stearn,
W. D. Good, George Burgess; (2d year) G. A. Newman, W. S. Rau,
J. B. Ferguson, G. M. Jones; (3d year) J. C. S. Myers, J. W.
Brill,
298 UNITED BRETHREN
E. W. McMullen, J. W. Walter, L. O. Bricker, J. W. Stearn, E. A.
Stanton.
Ministers present, 39; absent, 18; delegates, 18.
Leading report was on Lebanon Valley College.
1903
Conference at Staunton, Va., March 26-30.
J. S. Mills, bishop; G. P. Hott, secretary.
Advisory seats given to J. L. Grimm, S. H. Snell, J. P. Anthony,
A. N. Horn, F. M. Glenn, Dr. W. H. Funk.
Reporters: A. P. Funkhouser, W. A. Black.
S. G. Wells received from the Methodist Episcopal Church.
Ordered that Clay Hill be detached from Rockbridge and added
to Churchville; that Marion Chapel be detached from South
Branch and added to Franklin: that Christiansburg circuit be
authorized.
Presiding elders: A. S. Hammack and W. F. Gruver.
Itinerants: Lau Seng Nam, J. B. Ferguson, George Burgess,
S. E. Boyd.
Died: H. Tallhelm.
Ordained: E. A. Stanton.
Licentiates: (1st year) C. M. Good, J. L. Argenbright, E. E. Neff,
George Burgess; (2d year) W. S. Rau, G. M. Jones; (3d year) J. B.
Ferguson. J. W. Brill, T. C. Harper, E. W. McMullen, J. W. Walton,
L. O. Bricker. J. W. Stearn.
Delegates, 29.
Ministers present, 40; absent, 18; local, 10; superannuated, 2.
Leading reports were on education and Lebanon Valley College.
1904
Conference at Martinsburg, W. Va., March 16-21.
J. S. Mills, bishop; G. P. Hott, secretary, S. D. Skelton,
reporter.
Advisory seats given to J. B. Chamberlain, A. V. Vondersmith,
W. R. Funk, W. A. Dickson, H. U. Roop, A. B. Statton, R. Byrd,
C. C. Gohn, A. N. Horn, D. B. Wagner, W. H. Washinger, H. B.
Spayd, A. M. Evers, G. K. Hartman, E. C. Hoenshel, A. M. Brook.
M. L. Mayselles, C. W. Stinespring.
L. W. Lutz transferred to Pennsylvania Conference.
Open transfers to A. B. Hendrickson, J. F. Snyder, S. A. Crabill,
L. O. Bricker.
Ordered that Judy and Smith Creek be detached from Pendle-
ton and added to Franklin; that Circleville, Riverton, and High
Rock be detached from Pendleton and added to Franklin; that
Thoroughfare be detached from Elkton and added to Shenandoah
City; that Shendun be attached to Pleasant Valley circuit: that
Mt. Bethel be added to Augusta circuit; that Broadway be detached
from Broadway circuit and added to Lacey Spring; that Harrison-
CHURCH HISTORY 299
burg (colored) be made a station; that the rest of Staunton and
Linville circuits be called Linville and Staunton Mission: that
Laurel Dale be detached from Bayard and added to New Creek;
that Midland be added to Westernport station; that Horseshoe on
New Creek circuit be discontinued.
Presiding elders: W. F. Gruver, A. S. Hammack.
Leading report was on Lebanon Valley College.
Died: J. W. Howe.
Licentiates: (1st year) C. M. Good, J. L. Argenbright, George
Burgess; (2d year) W. D. Good, W. M. Maiden; (3d year) J. W.
Brill, E. W. McMullen, J. W. Walter, W. S. Rau, E. E. Neff; (4th
year) T. C. Harper, J. B. Ferguson, G. A. Newman.
Ministers present, 39; absent, 12; local, 16; superannuate. 2;
delegates, 26; unemployed, 19.
Ordained: J. W. Stearn.
1905
Conference at Dayton, Va., March 22-27.
J. S. Mills, bishop; G. P. Hott, secretary.
The name of A. G. Wells removed from the roll, he having
joined another church.
A. B. Wilson received from Alleghany Conference.
Advisory seats to W. O. Jones, W. M. Weekley, E. U. Hoenshel,
A. V. Vondersmith, C. W. Hutsler, S. A. Crabill, W. R. Funk, A. N.
Horn, S. L. Rice, Dr. Roop.
Reporters: A. P. Funkhouser, E. A. Stanton.
Presiding elders: W. F. Gruver, A. S. Hammack.
Ministerial salaries (minimum) fixed at $400 for married
preachers and $300 for single preachers.
The marrying of persons who have been divorced, by ministers
of this church, denounced in a strong resolution.
Ordained: S. A. Newman.
Boards all re-elected.
Ordered that Paw Paw be added to Cacapon circuit; that
Excelsior be added to South Branch circuit; that Limestone be
added to Keyser; that Clay Hill be taken from Churchville and
added to Rockbridge; that Stokes be added to Churchville; that
Smith's Chapel be added to Rockbridge circuit; that Christians-
burg be dropped; that the two Roanoke churches be consolidated;
that Roanoke circuit be constituted.
Licentiates: (1st year) C. M. Good, J. L. Argenbright, E. U.
Sypolt, C. J. Racey, J. R. Geil, W. M. Maiden; (2d year) W. D.
Good;
(3d year) E. W. McMullen, J. W. Walter, W. S. Rau, George Bur-
gess; (4th year) T. C. Harper, J. B. Ferguson, E. E. Neff, J. W.
Brill.
Ministers present, 40; colored, 2; delegates, 30.
300 UNITED BRETHREN
1906
Conference at Berkeley Springs, W. Va., 21-26.
J. S. Mills, bishop; G. P. Hott, secretary.
Reporters: E. A. Stanton, C. D. Bennett.
Advisory seats given to S. A. Crabill, J. F. Snyder, A. N. Horn,
W. G. Wagner, J. E. B. Rice, J. F. Smith. Dr. W. R. Funk, H. H.
Fout, C. I. B. Brane, C. W. Snyder, E. B. Plummer, S. S. Hough,
M. L. Mayselles, C. W. Brewbaker, S. H. Snell.
Died: J. D. Donovan.
Ordained: W. D. Good.
Itinerants: J. L. Argenbright, E. E. Neff, W. M. Maiden, C. J.
Racey, L. A. Racey, H. R. Geil, B. N. Sypolt.
Presiding elder (one district only): W. F. Gruver.
The constitution reported by the Sustentation Board was
adopted.
The name Young People's Christian Union was changed to
Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor.
W. B. Keeley was transferred to Pennsylvania Conference.
Assessments for ministerial aid doubled.
Ordered that a mission be opened in South Cumberland; that
Broadway be taken from Lacey Spring and added to Singers Glen;
that Mt. Carmel, Pleasant View, and Cherry Grove be added to
Singers Glen; that Mt. Clinton be taken from Singers Glen and
given to Dayton; that Dayton and Harrisonburg circuit be united;
that the new towns between Blaine and Bayard on the W. V. C.
Railroad be added to Bayard circuit; that the presiding elder be
paid $1,000 and parsonage rent.
Licentiates: (1st year) J. L. Argenbright, B. N. Sypolt, C. J.
Racey, H. R. Geil, W. E. Smith; (2d year) W. D. Good; (3d year)
J. W. Walter, George Burgess; (4th year) J. B. Ferguson, J. W.
Brill.
Ministers present, 39; absent, 16; local, 12; superannuate, 3;
unemployed, 17; delegates, 24.
Leading reports on missions, evangelism, church publishing
interests.
1907
Conference at Edinburg, Va., March 13-18.
J. S. Mills, bishop; G. P. Hott, secretary; G. W. Stover,
reporter.
Visiting ministers: S. S. Hough, W. D. Mitchell, Dr. Whitney,
W. R. Funk, J. W. Kiracofe, C. W. Stinespring.
"Virginia Conference News" to be bi-monthly; A. S.
Hammack,
editor.
The name of H. R. Geil dropped from roll, he having joined
the Evangelical Association.
CHURCH HISTORY 301
W. A. Black given local relation.
Presiding elder: W. F. Gruver.
Died: W. R. Berry, T. J. Feaster.
Ordered that Pleasant View be added to Franklin; that Circle-
ville be taken from Franklin and added to Pendleton circuit; that
Belmont be taken from Staunton charge and added to Augusta
circuit; that Mt. Hebron be taken from Albemarle circuit and added
to Elkton; that Dodson, Blaine, Chaffee, and Oakmont be added to
Bayard mission; that the rest of Bayard circuit be known as Elk
Garden circuit; that Linville and Long's Chapel be taken from
Harrisonburg (colored) and added to Augusta and Rockingham
circuit; that Mt. Bethel be taken from Augusta and added to
Albemarle.
Leading reports were those on home, education, church erec-
tion.
Ministers present, 41; absent, 15; local, 10; superannuate, 3;
delegates, 21.
Licentiates: (1st year) W. D. Mitchell, A. L. Maiden, L. E. Brill,
W. R. Chapman, J. L. Argenbright; (2d year) C. M. Good, C. J.
Racey, B. N. Sypolt; (3d year) W. M. Maiden. J. W. Walter; (4th
year) G. Burgess, J. B. Ferguson.
1908
Conference at Keyser, W. Va., March 18-23.
T. C. Carter, bishop; G. P. Hott, secretary; W. D. Mitchell,
reporter.
Visiting ministers: H. B. Ritter, F. B. Chubb, G. A. McGuire,
Dr. Herndon, E. U. Hoenshel, S. S. Hough, W. R. Funk, H. H. Fout,
E. R. Reese, M. L. Weekley, M. L. Mayselles.
Died: J. D. Scott, T. K. Clifford.
Ordained: J. R. Ferguson, George Burgess.
S. K. Wine given open transfer.
Itinerants: W. D. Good, W. D. Mitchell.
Licentiates: (1st year) L. E. Brill, W. D. Mitchell, A. L. Maiden;
(2d year) C. J. Racey; (3d year) B. N. Sypolt, W. M. Maiden, J. W.
Walters; (4th year) J. B. Ferguson.
Ordered that the presiding elder's salary be $1,200; that Day-
ton be taken from Dayton circuit; that Mt. Hebron and Swift Run
be taken from Elkton; that Thoroughfare be detached from Shen-
andoah City, and with Mt. Hebron and Swift Run be constituted
East Rockingham circuit; that Roanoke circuit be discontinued;
that Winchester and Red Bud be made a station; that Sunrise be
taken from Frederick and added to Toms Brook; that Mt. Zion be
taken from Frederick and added to Winchester circuit; that Bethel
be taken from Toms Brook and added to Frederick; that Mt. Olive
302 UNITED BRETHREN
and Mt. Pleasant be taken from West Frederick and added to Win-
chester.
Leading reports were those on education, home, temperance,
and the Young Peoples Christian Union.
Ministers present, 36; absent, 16, local, 13; superannuate 4;
delegates, 29.
1909
Conference held at Shenandoah, Va., March 24-29.
G. P. Hott and A. P. Funkhouser, bishops, pro tem; G. P. Hott,
Secretary; J. C. S. Myers, E.E. Neff, R. G. Hammond, reporters.
R. G. Hammond received from St. Joseph Conference, T. M.
Sharp from Allegheny Conference, H. H. Richardson from Iowa
Conference.
Visiting ministers: L. Keister, A. N. Horn, R. G. Hammond, C.
Whitney, H. S. Gable, W. O. Fries, C. W. Stinespring, A. P.
Sallaz.
Ordered that Belmont be taken from Augusta circuit and added
to Staunton; that Mt. Zion be taken from Winchester circuit and
added to Toms Brook; that Lost River circuit he called Hardy
circuit; that Mt. Bethel and Shendun be taken from East Rock-
ingham and added to Elkton.
Leading reports were those on the Bible, Sunday Schools, and
temperance.
Licentiates: (1st year) L. E. Brill, W. D. Mitchell, A. L. Maiden;
(3d year) B. N. Sypolt, W. M. Maiden, C. J. Racey.
Ministers present, 35; absent, 18; local, 12; superannuate, 5;
delegates, 20.
1910
Conference at Cumberland, Md., March 23-26.
W. W. Weekley, bishop; G. P. Hott, secretary; G. S. Hanleiter,
reporter.
Visiting ministers: C. I. B. Brane, C. C. Whitney, J. E. Fout,
Miss McGinnis, G. S. Hanleiter, J. Ford, E. W. Webster, E. U.
Hoen-
shel, B. F. Dobson, Dr. Kendall, S. R. Ludwig, W. J. Houk, G. S.
Gabel, A. B. Statton, F. M. Glenn.
Died: T. T. Tabb
Free will offering of $500 raised for Conference home mission
work.
Presiding elder: A. S. Hammack.
Withdrawn: W. D. Mitchell.
Granted leave of absence: R. C. Hammond, J. W. Stearn, G. B.
Fadeley.
Ordained: W. M. Maiden.
Platform adopted for missionary work.
CHURCH HISTORY 303
Leading reports: Temperance, missions, education, church
literature, the home, Christian stewardship, Bible study.
Ordered that Mt. Hebron, Thoroughfare, and Swift Run be
taken from East Rockingham (which is dissolved) and added to
Elkton; that the appointments east of the Blue Ridge — Bluffdale,
Otterbein, Shady Grove, Prize Hill — constitute Charlottesville
circuit.
Ministers present, 34; absent, 16; local, 11; superannuate, 5.
1911
Conference at Staunton, March 22-25.
T. C. Carter, bishop; G. P. Hott, secretary; G. S. Hanleiter,
reporter.
Advisory seats given to J. G. Huber, C. W. Stinespring, G. S.
Hanleiter, J. E. Croft, K. Moyer, C. Whitney, S. S. Hough.
W. M. Merrit, a pioneer member of the conference was introduced.
Itinerants: B. F. Dotson, E. W. Webster, T. C. Harper, John Ford.
An offering of $720 for Conference church extension.
Leading reports: missions, education, temperance, the Christian
home, Christian stewardship.
Presiding elder: A. S. Hammack.
The “Conference News" discontinued.
Resolutions by the layman's meeting adopted.
Died: J. W. Walters.
Ordered that Bayard be made a station; that Frankford be
added to Cumberland; that Mt. Zion and Sunrise be taken from
Toms Brook and added to Winchester; that a church be established
at Petersburg, W. Va., in connection with South Branch circuit;
that the salary of presiding elder be $1,500, including parsonage;
that $3,000 be assessed for administration (15 per cent for
bishop's
salary, 70 for presiding elder, 10 for General Conference
expenses,
5 for contingent fund).
Licentiates: (1st year) L. E. Brill, J. Ford, L. C. Messick, A. B.
Mann; (2d year) W. M. Vansickle, A. L. Maiden, B. F. Dotson;
(3d year) B. N. Sypolt; (4th year) C. J. Racey.
Ministers present, 40; absent, 16; local, 14; superannuate, 4.
1912
Conference at Martinsburg, W. Va., October 2-8.
T. C. Carter, bishop; G. P. Hott, secretary; A. P. Funkhouser,
W. D. Mitchell, reporters.
Visiting ministers: C. W. Stinespring, S. S. Hough.
Died: S. E. Boyd.
304 UNITED BRETHREN
Transferred: B. N. Sypolt, E. W. Webster, T. C. Harper.
The name of Lan Sang Nam dropped from roll, he having be-
come a member of the Chinese Conference.
Itinerants: L. C. Messick, A. B. Mann, G. A. McGuire, P. B,
Chubb.
Resolutions by the laymen of the Conference entered on minutes.
Leading reports: Foreign missions, education, the home,
church publishing interests, Lebanon Valley College, the Y. P. S.
C. E.
Presiding elder: A. S. Hammack.
Ordered that Bethel be taken from Charlottesville and added
to Augusta; that Mt. Vernon be taken from Charlottesville and
added to Pleasant Valley; that the appointments east of the Blue
Ridge be constituted a charge; that Circleville be taken from
Pendleton, and with Riverton, High Rock, Mt. Pleasant and Seneca
(taken from Franklin) be known as Riverton circuit; that Oak
Hill be added to Churchville; that Big Pool and Buck Hill be
added to Jones Springs; that Rockbridge circuit be known as
Swoope circuit; that Dayton circuit be known as West Rockingham
circuit.
Licentiates: (1st year) L. E. Brill, L. C. Messick, A. B. Mann,
G. A. McGuire, F. B. Chubb, I. Summers, W. D. Mitchell; (2d year)
B. F. Dotson; (4th year) D. G. Brimlow.
Ministers present, 43; absent, 8; local, 6; superannuate, 4;
delegates, 28.
1913
Conference at Roanoke, September 24-28.
W. M. Weekley, bishop; G. P. Hott, secretary; A. P. Funkhouser,
W. D. Mitchell, reporters.
Advisory seats given to L. O. Miller. W. O. Fries, S. S. Hough,
J. P. Landis, R. Rock.
Chairman of laymen's meeting: L. A, Armentrout.
Presiding elder: A. S. Hammack.
Vote for union with the Methodist Protestant Church: 32 for,
20 against.
Itinerants: I. Summers, W. D. Mitchell.
Ordered that Salem and Park Side be taken from Inwood and
added to Martinsburg, Second Church; that Mt. Carmel, Central,
and Buck Hill be taken from Jones Springs and added to West
Frederick; that Ridgely be attached to Cumberland mission; that
Frederick circuit be called Reliance; that Mt. Hebron and Thor-
oughfare be taken from Elkton and added to Charlottesville.
Leading reports: Home, education, missions, publishing in-
terests, Y. P. S. C.
CHURCH HISTORY 305
Licentiates: (1st year) L. E. Brill, L. C. Messick, G. A. McGuire,
F. B. Chubb, I. Summers, W. D. Mitchell, A. Bamford, R. N. Young;
(2d year) B. F. Dotson, A. B. Mann; (4th year) D. G. Brimlow.
Ministers present, 41; absent, 14; local, 16; superannuate, 5;
unemployed, 15; delegates, 25.
1914
Conference at Westernport, Md., September 22-28.
W. M. Weekley, bishop; J. H. Brunk, secretary.
Visiting ministers: G. A. Funkhouser, R. Rock, W. P. Barger,
C. W. Stinespring, Dr. H. F. Shupe, Dr. C. W. Brewbaker, S. E.
Bowman, S. R. Ludwig.
Ordained: W. D. Mitchel, D. G. Brimlow.
Presiding elder: A. S. Hammack.
Died: William H. Clary.
Itinerants: A. L. Maiden, D. G. Brimlow, R. N. Young, I. Sum-
mers, W. D. Mitchel.
Ordered that Pleasant Grove be taken from Augusta circuit
and added to Dayton station; that Belmont be taken from Staunton
and added to Augusta; that Cherry Run circuit be constituted from
Slater's, Sleepy Creek, and Big Pool (taken from Jones Spring)
and Cherry Run and Pleasant Hill (new appointments); that Mt.
Carmel, Buck Hill, and Central be taken from West Frederick
and attached to Jones Springs; that Cross Keys and Hampshire be
taken
from Westernport and added to Elk Garden; that Blaine and
Chaffee be taken from Elk Garden and added to Bayard; that
Fountain circuit be constituted from Fountain, Mt. Zion, and
Eureka (taken from New Creek circuit) and Alaska and Horse-
shoe (new appointments); that Swift Run be taken from Elkton
circuit and added to Charlottesville, and the name changed to
Swift Run circuit.
Leading reports: Foreign mission, Christian stewardship, pub-
lishing interests, Sunday Schools, education.
Licentiates: (1st year) L. E. Brill, G. A. McGuire, F. B. Chubb,
L Summers, R. N. Young; (2d year) A. Bamford, L. C. Messick, J.
W. Wright; (3d year) A. B. Mann.
Ministers present, 44; absent, 12; local, 9; superannuate, 4;
delegates, 32.
1915
Conference at Singers Glen, Va., September 15-20.
W. M. Weekley, bishop; J. H. Brunk, secretary; A. P. Funkhouser,
reporter.
Advisory seats given to Dr. John Owen, Dr. J. H. Kendall,
W. A. Wilt, G. K. Little, C. W. Hutsler.
306 UNITED BRETHREN
Mrs. Hal Smith, returned missionary from Africa, given honor-
ary seat.
Died: G. P. Hott, J. D. Donovan.
Leading reports: Publishing interests, education, the Christian
Home, Christian stewardship, the Virginia Conference.
Ordered that Potomac circuit be constituted from Sir John’s
Run and Fairview (taken from Berkeley Spring station) and
Alpine and Friendship (taken from Berkeley Springs circuit); that
Salem be taken from Martinsburg, Second Church and added to
Licentiates: (1st year) L. E. Brill, G. A. McGuire, F. B. Chubb,
I. Simmers, R. N. Young, D. T. Gregory, J. H. Schmitt, H. M.
Crimm,
J. R. Collis, F. A. Tinney; (2d year) L. C. Messick; (3d year) A.
B. Mann; (4th year) W. G. McNeil, J. W. Wright, A. Bamford.
Ministers present, 48; absent, 10; local, 16; superannuate, 3;
delegates, 31.
1916
Conference at Shenandoah, Va., September 13-18.
W. M. Weekley, bishop; J. H. Brunk, secretary; H. E. Richard-
son, I. K. Roby, N. F. A. Cupp, W. F. Gruver, W. D. Mitchell, G.
W.
Stover reporters.
Advisory seats given to W. J. Houck, W. A. Wilt, E. U. Hoenshel,
W. L. Childress, C. W. Cooper.
Superintendent: A. S. Hammack.
The name of R. G. Hammond dropped from the roll, he having
joined another church.
Bishop Weekley delivered an address on "Otterbein, the Model
Preacher."
Itinerants: T. E. Gruver, S. L. Baugher, W. G. McNeil.
Ordered that Strasburg be added to Toms brook; that the
Cumberland work be designated Cumberland and Ridgely.
Ordained: J. W. Wright, A. Bamford.
Leading reports: Prohibition, foreign missions, Christian
stewardship, the Christian Endeavor.
Ministers present, 52; absent, 12; local, 20; superannuate, 3;
delegates, 31.
1917
Conference at Petersburg, W. Va., September 26 – October 1.
W. M. Bell, bishop; J. H. Brunk, secretary; N. F. A. Cupp, H. E.
Richardson, reporters.
Died: A. P. Funkhouser, J. M. Hott, J. G. Roudabush.
Superintendent: A. S. Hammack.
The name of W. L. Hamrick was dropped from the roll because
of irregular withdrawal.
CHURCH HISTORY 307
Advisory seats given to Dr. A. C. Siddall, W. O. Fries, Miss Dora
Housekeeper, J. E. Fout, J. B. Chamberlain, Prof. J. H. Ruebush.
Report of committee of course of study.
Entered on minutes certificate of agreement between the
Church Erection Society and the Conference Board.
Leading reports: Christian stewardship, the Christian home,
home missions, education, temperance.
Licentiates: (1st year) L. E. Brill, F. B. Chubb, R. N. Young,
D. T. Gregory, J. H. Schmitt, H. M. Crimm, J. R. Collis, F. A.
Tinney, W. B. Obaugh, W. R. Swank, D. F. Glovier, M. W. Nelson,
V. L. Phillips, W. H. Smith, W. R. McKinney, L. G. Bridges, J. L.
Oliver, C. W. Hiser, W. M. Courtney, W. P. Hollar; (2d year) I.
Summers, L. C. Messick; (3d year) G. A. McGuire; (4th year)
A. B. Mann.
Ministers present, 48; absent, 18; local, 27; superannuate, 1;
delegates, 16.
1918
Conference at Harrisonburg, Va., September 25-30.
W. M. Bell, bishop; J. H. Brunk, secretary.
M. L. Weekley received from West Virginia Conference.
Advisory seats given to W. R. Funk, E. U. Hoenshel, J. E. Fout,
A. C. Siddall, Prof. J. E. Weidler of Free Town, Africa.
Died: E. W. McMullen.
Ordained: A. B. Mann.
Superintendent: A. S. Hammack.
Ministers who had served two full years within the bounds of
the Conference placed on the itinerant list.
Charter of Conference Church Erection Society presented.
Assignments for Seminary Extension Study.
Leading reports: Education, temperance, home missions, and
a particularly excellent one on "the Christian Home" by
L. A.
Racey.
Bible Conference ordered for the next summer.
Plan adopted for raising an endowment fund for the Shen-
andoah Collegiate Institute and School of Music.
Licentiates: (1st year) L. E. Brill, F. B. Chubb, D. T. Gregory,
H. M. Crimm, F. A. Tinney, J. A. Arnold, M. W. Nelson, V. L.
Phillips, W. H. Smith, J. L. Oliver, C. W. Hiser, W. M. Courtney,
W. P. Holler; (2d year) I. Summers, W. R. McKinney, L. G.
Bridgers, D. F. Glovier, R. N. Young, J. R. Collis; (3d year) G.
A.
McGuire, W. B. Obaugh, L. C. Messick.
Ministers present, 49; absent, 16; local, 26; superannuate, 1;
delegates, 28.
308 UNITED BRETHREN
1919
Conference at Martinsburg, September 24-29.
W. M. Bell bishop; J. H. Brunk and A. L. Maiden, secretaries;
W. D. Mitchell, reporter.
A. J. Secrist, treasurer; A. S. Hammack, superintendent.
Resigned: B. F. Chubb, George Burgess, W. D. Good.
Died: L. E. Brill, aged 47.
Licentiates: (1st year) D. T. Gregory, H. M. Crimm, J. H. Arnold,
W. H.
Smith, J. E. Oliver, Jr., C. W. Hiser, W. P. Hollar, M. W. Nelson,
W. M. Courtney, F. A. Tinny; (2d year) D. F. Glovier, L. G.
Bridgers, J. R. Collis; (3d year) R. N. Young, W. L. Phillips, G.
A. McGuire, L. C. Messick, W. B. Obaugh.
Increase of 18 per cent in salaries.
W. F. Gruver and A. S. Hammack, trustees for Lebanon Valley
College.
J. S. and B. H. Gruver contribute $1,000 to Conference Minis-
terial Relief Fund, a memorial to Jacob I. Gruver and wife.
Papers read on "The Importance of the Sunday School,"
“The
Rights of the Child," "Christian Education," and
"Church Exten-
sion."
Active itinerants, 38; superannuate, 1; local preachers 26 (18
unemployed).
1920
Conference at Berkeley Springs, September 15-20.
W. M. Bell, bishop; A. S. Hammack, superintendent; J. H. Brunk
and A. L. Maiden, secretaries; A. J. Secrist, treasurer.
Licentiates: (1st year) J. E. Oliver, Jr., C. W. Hiser, J. H.
Arnold, W. H. Smith, W. M. Courtney, M. W. Nelson, H. P. Ruppen-
thal, E. E. Miller; (3d year) R. N. Young, G. A. McGuire, W. B.
Obaugh, L. C. Messick, D. F. Glovier, L. G. Bridgers, J. R.
Collis.
Licensed to preach: M. M. Collins, Herman Grove, D. A. Frazier,
Lay delegates, 35.
Certificates given H. E. Richardson, A. B. Mann, D. F. Glovier,
L. C. Messick, R. N. Young on Seminary Extension.
Papers read on "The Christian Home," "Publishing
Interests,"
"Home Missions," "Foreign Missions."
Membership, 17,818.
Value of churches and parsonages, $575,872.88.
Active itinerants, 38; superannuate, 1; local preachers, 26 (18
unemployed).
1921
Conference at Dayton, September 14-19.
W. M. Bell, bishop; J. H. Brunk and A. L. Maiden, secretaries; W.
S. Crick,
reporter.
A. S. Hammack, superintendent; A. J. Secrist, treasurer.
CHURCH HISTORY 309
Licentiates: (1st year), J. E. Oliver, Jr., C. W. Hiser. J. H.
Arnold, W. H. Smith, W. M. Courtney, H. P. Ruppenthal, E. E.
Miller,
M. W. Nelson; (3d year). W. B. Obaugh, L.C. Messick. D. F.
Glovier, L. G. Bridgers. J. R. Collis.
Licensed to preach: Gladstone Cooley. W. C. Mundy, J. Paul
Gruver, P. P. Bell, B. F. Spitzer, G. M. Keezle, J. H. Sisler,
Arnold
Roderick, George Knopp, William Rifle.
Applicants for annual conference license: Claude Ryan, Her-
man Grove, L. M. Leach, C. W. Tinsman, E. B. Caplinger, U. P.
Hovermale, C. K. Welsh.
Added to itinerant list: W. W. Skellett, Charles Schadd, W. L.
Childress.
Resigned: C. G. Stambach, Dewey Ritter, G. W. Butler, D. D. Brant.
Died: G. A. McGuire.
Value, Shenandoah Collegiate Institute property, $75,835.
Received during year, $28,408.01.
Disbursed, $28,580.82.
Average salary, $1,038 and parsonage.
CHARGES,
1921
Augusta
Berkeley Springs Station
Berkeley Spring Circuit
Bayard
Broadway
Big Pool
Churchville
Cumberland, First
Cumberland, Second
Dayton
Edinburg
Elk Garden
Elkton
Franklin
Fountain
Great Cacapon
Greensburg
Harrisonburg
Hardy
Inwood
Jones Springs
Keyser
Lacey Spring
Martinsburg, First
Martinsburg, Second
Manassas
New Creek
Pleasant Valley
Pendleton
Petersburg
Reliance
Riverton
Ridgeley
Roanoke
Swift Run
Swoope
Staunton
South Branch
Shenandoah
Singers Glen
Sleepy Creek
Toms Brook
Westernport
Winchester Station
Winchester Circuit
West Frederick
West Rockingham
310 UNITED BRETHREN
CONFERENCE
ROLL, 1921
Note: The names of those present are starred. Dates are those
of joining conference. The post office address is at the right of
the page.
Arnold, J. H. 1918
Annville, Pa. (student Lebanon Valley College).
Baugher, S. L.* 1914
Edinburg, Va.
Beale, J. R.* 1916
Dayton, Va., (teacher S. C. I.)
Black, W. A. 1897
Roanoke, Va.
Bridgers, L. G.* 1917
Ridgeley, W. Va.
Brill. J. W.* 1894
Bayard, W. Va.
Brimlow, D. G. 1911
Martinsburg, W. Va.
Brunk, J. H.* 1897
Berkeley Springs, W. Va.
Burgess, George 1902
Laurel Dale, W. Va.
Caplinger, E. B.* 1921
Dayton, Va. (student S. C. I.)
Chamberlain, J. B. 1918 Martinsburg, W. Va.
Childress, W. L.* 1921
Cumberland, Md.
Coffman, T. J.* 1917
Hagerstown, Md.
Collis, J. R.* 1915
Broadway, Va.
Courtney, W. M.* 1917
Sleepy Creek, W. Va.
Crimm, H. M. 1915
Tiama, Africa (missionary).
Crowell, C. H.* 1878 Great
Cacapon, W. Va.
Cupp, N. F. A.* 1885
Martinsburg, W. Va., R. F. D. 5.
Dawson, S. D. 1894
Ridgeley, W. Va.
Dyche, C. P.* 1881
Elkton, Va., R. F. D.
Fadeley, G. B.* 1880
Harrisonburg, Va.
Ford. J. H.* 1910
Roanoke, Va.
Ferguson, J. B. 1901
Roanoke, Va.
Fries. J. N.* 1874
Berkeley Springs, W. Va. (teacher in high school).
Glovier, D. F.* 1916
Rolla, Va.
Gregory, D. T.* 1915
Dayton, O. (ass’t secretary Board of Administration).
Grove, Hermon* 1921
Antioch, W. Va.
Gruver, W. F.* 1887
Harrisonburg, Va.
Hammack, A. S.* 1886
Dayton, Va.
Hiser, C. W.* 1917
Annville, Pa. (student L. V. C.)
Horn, A. M. 1880 Mt.
Solon, Va.
Hovermale, V. P. 1921
Dayton, O. (Bonebrake Seminary).
Judy, Ida M.* 1900
Dayton, Va. (teacher S. C. I.)
CHURCH HISTORY 311
McNeil, W. G.* 1915
Petersburg, W. Va.
Maiden, A. L.* 1907
Dayton, O. (Bonebrake Seminary).
Maiden, J. W.* 1892
Bridgewater, Va.
Maiden, W. M.* 1904
Maysville, W. Va.
Mann, A. B.* 1911
Staunton, Va.
Messick, L. C* 1910 Jones
Springs, W. Va.
Miller, E. E. 1920
Annville, Va. (student L. V. C.)
Mitchell, W. D.* 1912
Akron, Ohio.
Myers, J. C. S.* 1889 Lacey
Spring, Va.
Nelson, M. W. 1916
Circleville, W. Va.
Obaugh, W. B. 1916
Dayton, O., (student in Bonebrake Seminary).
Oliver, J. E., Jr. 1917 Dayton, O. (Bonebrake Seminary).
Phillips, V. L. 1916
Westerville, O. (Field Secretary, Otterbein College).
Racey, C. J.* 1905
Westernport, Md.
Racey, L. A.* 1897
Inwood, W. Va.
Rau, W. S.* 1900
Shenandoah, Va.
Richardson, H. E.* 1909 Martinsburg, W. Va.
Ridenour, J. R. 1875
Middletown, Md.
Ruppenthal, H. P.* 1920 Shenandoah, Va.
Ryan, C. A.* 1921
Keyser, W. Va., R. F. D.
Sampsell, W. H.* 1881
Winchester, Va.
Schadd, C. H.* 1921
Sleepy Creek, W. Va.
Secrist, A. J.* 1895
Martinsburg, W. Va.
Skelton, S. D.* 1885
Dayton, Va.
Smith, W. H.* 1917
Dayton, Va.
Stover, G. W.* 1894
Winchester, Va.
Stearn, J. W.* 1897 Mt.
Clinton, Va.
Swank, W. R.* 1916
Westerville, O. (student Otterbein College).
Tinsman, C. W.* 1921
Dayton, Va. (student S. C. I.)
Welsh, C. K.* 1921
Winchester, Va.
Wilt, W. A.* 1917
Keyser, W. Va.
Wright, J. W. 1914
Westerville, Ohio.
Young, R. N.* 1912 Churchville,
Va.
Local: J. H. Arnold, J. R. Beale, W. A. Black, L. G. Bridgers,
George Burgess, T. J. Coffman, W. M. Courtney, S. D. Dawson,
J. N. Fries, J. B. Ferguson, Herman Grove, C. W. Hiser, A. M.
Horn,
U. P. Hovermale, Ida M. Judy, E. B. Caplinger, E. E. Miller, M. W.
312 UNITED BRETHREN
Nelson, W. B. Obaugh. J. E. Oliver, Jr., V. L. Phillips, H. P.
Ruppen-
thal, C. A. Ryan, W. R. Swank, C. W. Tinsman, C. K. Welsh, J.
W. Wright.
Licentiates: J. H. Arnold, L. G. Bridgers, J. R. Collis, W. M.
Courtney, P. F. Glovier, Herman Grove, C. W. Hiser, U. P. Hover-
male, E. R. Caplinger, E. E. Miller, M. W. Nelson, W. B. Obaugh,
J. E. Oliver, Jr., V. L. Phillips, H. P. Ruppenthal, C. A. Ryan,
C. H.
Schadd, W. H. Smith, W. R. Swank, C. W. Tinsman, C. K. Welsh,
W. A. Wilt.
Retired: C. P. Dyche, J. W. Maiden, J. R. Ridenour.
CHURCH HISTORY 313
GENERAL INDEX
Page
Ambrose, W. 155
Bachtel, J. 72
Baugher, S. L. 155
Beale, J. R. 155
Berry, W. R. 156
Boehm, M. 17
Bovey, H. A. 150
Bovey, J. A. 190
Brane, C. I. B. 156
Brashear, T. F. 157
Bridgers, L. C. 157
Brill, J. W. 157
Brunk, J. 158
Brunk, J. H. 158
Burgess, G. 158
Burtner, H. 71,158
Burtner, L. 159
Burtner, O. W. 159
Burtner, W. H. 159
Byrd, R. 159
Charges, 1921 List 309
Childress, W. L. 160
Church, Apostolic 1,6
Church Dedications 193-202
Church Papers 100
Church Union 109,209
Civil War 94
Circuits, 1848 80
Clary, W. H. 160
Clifford, T. K. 160
Collis, J. R. 161
Conference Divisions 42,45
Conf. Minutes 224-309
Conferences, First 38,41
Conference Roll, 1921 310
Corbin, A. 153
Coursey, W. R. 73,86,161
Crabill, S. A. 161
Crowell, C. H. 161
Cupp, N. F. A 162
Dawson, S. D. 162
Day, A. 162
Dayton 220
Deneale, G. E. 84
Division in Church 103
Donovan, J. D. 162
Early Brethren in Va. 44
Education 214
Evangelical Movement 32
Evangelical Reformed Ch. 36
Evers, A. M. 163
Evers, S. 191
Ewing, W. 163,191
Fadeley, G. B. 163
Feaster, T. J. 163
Ford, J. H. 164
Fout, Henry H. 151
Fout, Julius E. 152
Freed, A. D. 164
Fries, W. 164
Fries, Jay N. 222
Fulkerson, J. W. 81,153
Funk, Kingsley 192
Funkhouser, A. P. 203
Geeting. G. A. 43
German, Immigration 21
German Language 90,107
German Reformed Church 8
Gibbons, J. 190
Glossbrenner, J.J. 72,96,147
Glovier, D. F. 165
Great Meeting, The 66
Gregory, D. T. 165
Grimm, J. L. 165
314 UNITED BRETHREN
Page
Grimm, J. W. 165
Grove, H. J. 166
Gruver, W. F. 166
Hammack, A. S. 166
Harman, G. 166
Haney, J. 87,167
Harp, J. 167
Hensley, J. L. 167
Hershey, J. M. 86
Hicks, J. W. 168
Hiestand, S. 152
Hiser, C. W. 168
Hisey, F. 87
Hoenshel, E. U. 222
Hoover, A. 168
Hott, C. M. 191
Hott, G. P. 169
Hott, J. F. 168
Hott, J. H. 169
Hott, J. W. 150
Howe, G. W. 170
Howe, J. W. 170
Huffman, G. 76,172
Huffman, S. J. 173
Hussites 3
Hutsler, C. W. 173
Intoxicants 115
Jones, H. 173
Jones, W. 173
Judy, I. M. 173
Ketterman, J. G. 173
Kiracofe, J. W. 174
Kiracofe, N. A. 174
Lawrence, P, J. 174
Ludwig, S. R. 174
Lutz, L. W. 174
McNamar, J. C. 154
McMullen, E. W. 175
McNeil, W. G. 176
Maiden, A. L. 175
Maiden, J. W. 175
Mann, A. B. 175
Markwood, J. 71,96,150
Martin, W. L. 175
Mennonites 17,29
Messick, L. H. 176
Methodists 106
Miles, J. W. 176
Miller, C. 176
Mitchell, W. D. 176
Missions, Foreign 102
Moravians 5,105
Music 102
Negley, J. A. 177
Newcomer, C. 49,52
Newcomer's Journal 45-65
Nihiser, J. W. 177
Nihiser, R. 190
Obaugh, W. R. 177
Otterbein, W. 9-16,107,215
Paid Ministry, The 99
Perry, J. E. 77
Perry, J. W. 178
Preachers, Alphabetical 133
Preachers, Chronological 124
Preachers, Early 68,70,85,87
Racey, C. J. 178
Racey, L. A. 178
Rau, W. S. 178
Religion in Early America 33
Rexrode, G. W. 178
Rhinehart, W. R. 85
Richardson, H. E. 179
Ridenour, J. R. 179
Rimel, G. R. 78,86
Roderick, L. 179
Roudabush, G. J. 180
Ruebush, J. 73,180
Ruebush, J. H. 222
Ruppenthal, H. P. 182
CHURCH HISTORY 315
Page
Salt, M. C. 182
Sampsell, W. H. 182
Schlatter, Michael 11
Scott, J. D. 183
Scott, S. 182
Secret Societies 119
Secrist, A. J. 183
Sellars, A. S. 154
Senseny, P. 183
Shen. Collegiate Inst. 220
Shuey, Christian 115,148
Shuey, G. A. 184
Skelton, S. D. 184
Slavery 113
Smith, W. C. 154
Smith, W. H. 184
Snyder, J. F. 184
Spener, P. J. 9
Statton, J. F. 83
Statton, G. W. 77
Statton, L. K. 185
Stickley, B. 74,84
Stover, G. W. 186
Tabb, T. T. 186
Tallhelm H. 187
Thomas, P. H. 187
Tobacco 117
Umstot, Z. 187
Underwood, I. M. 187
United Ministers, The 35
Waldensees 2
Walters, J. W. 188
Walton, A. P. 188
Warner, Z. 152
"We Are Brethren" 34
Weller, P. W. 188,191
Whitesel, P. 190
Whitesel, J. E. 191
Widmyer, J. E. 188,191
Wilt, W. A. 189
Wine, S. K. 189
Young, R. N. 189
Zahn, J. H. 4,189
Zehrung, S. 189
Zinzendorf, Count 5