French, German, and Spanish are offered as major fields of study. The major consists of at least 32 semester hours of courses numbered 111 and above. Students who intend to pursue graduate study in a foreign language should take additional 400-level hours in literature. Majors seeking teacher certification are advised to begin the study of a second foreign language.

The department encourages students to consider allied courses from related fields or a second major, and also individual or established interdisciplinary majors combining interest in several literatures or area or cross-cultural studies; for example, International Studies, 20th Century Studies, the Major in Literature.

The department recommends that language majors study in a department-approved program for a semester or more as part of their major. Approved programs are available in Austria (the Institute for the International Education of Students), France (Boston University, the Institute for the International Education of Students), Germany (the Goethe Institute, the Institute for the International Education of Students), Mexico (Cemanahuac Educational Community), and Spain (Tandem Escuela Internacional, the Center for Cross-Cultural Studies, Indiana University of PA). Interested students should begin planning with their major advisor by the first week of the semester prior to departure. To qualify, students must have sophomore standing or better, an overall GPA of 2.50, and a GPA of 3.00 in language courses. Other qualifications include recommendation from faculty in the major and completion of specific courses in language, literature, or culture. In addition, the department offers overseas internships through the approved programs. They typically require substantial language skills and junior or senior standing.

All foreign language majors are required to pass two semesters of FLL 449 (Junior-Senior Colloquium). In addition, all majors must complete at least two of the following six options: (1) appropriate study abroad for a minimum of 6 weeks; (2) an internship; (3) department-approved volunteer work or tutoring in the foreign language; (4) FRN 441, GERM 418, or SPAN 418 with a grade of C or better; (5) secondary teaching certification in French, German, or Spanish; (6) a Praxis test in French, German, or Spanish passed with a score approved by the department.

If the colloquia and other two requirements have not been met by the end of the first semester of the senior year, the student must submit to the chair of the department a plan signed by the advisor showing when and how these requirements will be completed.

Students interested in teacher certification should refer to the Department of Education on page 96.

CONTINENTAL LITERATURE

A study of such major continental authors as Cervantes, Dostoevsky, Chekhov, Dante, Ibsen, Proust, Gide, Kafka, Hesse, Goethe, Sartre, Camus, Brecht, and Ionesco. Works read in English translation will vary and be organized around a different theme or topic; recent topics have been existentialism, modernism, drama, the Weimar era, and 20th century Scandinavian and German prose writers. Prerequisite: None. Taught in English. May be repeated for credit with consent of instructor. May be accepted toward the English major with consent of the Department of English.

Study of basic linguistic concepts as a tool for language learning and teaching. Discussion and application of language teaching techniques, including work in the language laboratory. Designed for future teachers of one or more languages and normally taken in the junior year. Students should arrange through the Department of Education to fulfill the requirements of a participation experience in area schools in the same semester. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. Taught in English. Does not count toward majors in French, German, and Spanish.

JUNIOR-SENIOR COLLOQUIUM

This colloquium offers French, German, and Spanish majors the opportunity to meet regularly with peers, professors, and invited guest speakers to discuss linguistic, literary, cultural, and pedagogical topics. Each student enrolled in 449 is required to deliver at least one oral presentation per semester. Prerequisite: junior standing. The department recommends that, when possible, students take one semester of 449 during their junior year and another semester during their senior year. Taught in English. The Colloquium will meet a minimum of 6 times during the semester for 1 hour each session. After successful completion of two semesters of the Colloquium, a student may enroll for additional semesters on a pass-fail basis and no oral presentation will be required. Non-credit course.

A major consists of a minimum of 32 semester hours of FRN courses numbered 111 and above or approved courses from a Study Abroad program, including at least eight semester hours from 402, 412 and 427. French majors must pass at least two semesters of FLL 449 and complete two of the additional requirements as explained under Capstone Experience on page 105. Students who wish to be certified for secondary teaching must complete the major with at least a 3.00 GPA and pass FRN 221-222, 228, 418, and FLL 338 (the latter course with a grade of B or better).

FRN 228 satisfies the cultural diversity requirement. FRN 222, when scheduled as a W course, counts toward the writing intensive requirement.

A minor in French consists of at least 16 semester hours of courses numbered 221 and above. Courses 111 and 112 may be counted towards the minor, but then the minor must consist of at least 20 semester hours of courses, 12 hours of which must be numbered 200 or above.

ELEMENTARY FRENCH

The aim of this sequence of courses is to acquire the fundamentals of the language with a view to using them. Regular practice in speaking, understanding, and reading.

INTERMEDIATE FRENCH

Review and development of the fundamentals of the language for immediate use in speaking, understanding, and reading, with a view to building confidence in self-expression. Prerequisite: FRN 102 or equivalent.

FRENCH LANGUAGE PRACTICE

Further training in speaking, listening comprehension, reading, and writing. Includes extensive work in grammar. Prerequisite: FRN 112 or equivalent.

MODERN FRANCE

A course designed to familiarize students with political and social structures and cultural attitudes in contemporary French society. Material studied may include such documents as newspaper articles, interviews and sociological surveys, and readings in history, religion, anthropology, and the arts. Some attention to the changing education system and the family and to events and ideas which have shaped French society. May include some comparative study of France and the United States. Prerequisite: FRN 221 or consent of instructor.

321

Examination of significant cultural or literary topics concerning the French-speaking world. Possible topics or genres include: Francophone short stories; modern French theatre; French-speaking women writers; French and Francophone poetry; Paris and the Avant-garde. Prerequisite: FRN 221 or consent of the instructor. May be repeated for credit with consent of instructor.

FRENCH LITERATURE TO 1800

Major authors and movements from the Medieval, Renaissance, Classical and Enlightenment periods. Includes the chanson de geste, Villon, Montaigne, Corneille, Racine, Molière, Voltaire, and Rousseau. Prerequisite: FRN 222 or 228, or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

FRENCH LITERATURE OF THE 19TH CENTURY

The dimensions of the Romantic sensibility: Musset, Hugo, Vigny, Balzac, Stendhal. Realism and Naturalism in the novels of Flaubert and Zola. Reaction in the poetry of Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Verlaine, and Mallarmé. Prerequisite: FRN 222 or 228, or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

Intensive practice for advanced students who wish to improve further their spoken and written French. Includes work in oral comprehension, phonetics, pronunciation, oral and written composition, and translation. Prerequisite: One course from FRN 402, 412, 423, 427; or consent of instructor.

Representative poets and novelists of modern France. Readings selected from the works of authors such as Proust, Gide, Aragon, Giono, Mauriac, Céline, Malraux, Saint-Exupéry, Camus, the "new novelists" (Robbe-Grillet, Butor, Sarraute, Le Clézio), and the poetry of Apollinaire, Valéry, the Surrealists (Breton, Reverdy, Eluard, Char), Saint-John Perse, Supervielle, Prévert, and others. Some attention to works of French-speaking African writers. Prerequisite: FRN 222 or 228, or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

INTERNSHIP (See index)

INDEPENDENT STUDY (See index)

Examples of recent studies in French include translation, Existentialism, the classical period, enlightenment literature, and Saint-Exupery.

A major consists of a minimum of 32 semester hours of GERM courses numbered 111 and above or approved courses from a Study Abroad program One unit of FLL 225 may be included in the major with permission. GERM 431 or 441 is required of all majors. German majors must pass at least two semesters of FLL 449 and complete two of the additional requirements as explained under Capstone Experience on page 105.

Students who wish to be certified for secondary teaching must complete the major with at least a 3.00 GPA and pass GERM 221-222, 323, 325, 418, and either 431 or 441. In addition to the 32 semester hours of courses for the major. In addition to the 32 semester hours of courses for the major they must also pass FLL 338 with a grade of B or better. All majors are urged to enroll in HIST 416, MUS 336, PSCI 221, and THEA 335.

GERM 221 and 222 satisfy the cultural diversity requirement. GERM 431 and 441, when scheduled as W courses, count toward the writing intensive requirement.

A minor in German consists of at least 16 semester hours of courses numbered 221 and above. Courses 111 and 112 may be counted toward the minor, but then the minor must consist of at least 20 semester hours of courses, 12 hours of which must be numbered 200 or above. One unit of FLL 225 may be included in the minor with permission.

ELEMENTARY GERMAN

INTERMEDIATE GERMAN

This sequence of courses reviews and develops the fundamentals of the language for immediate use in speaking, understanding, and reading with a view to building confidence in self-expression. Prerequisite: GERM 102 or equivalent.

This sequence of courses is designed to review and develop skills in speaking, listening, writing and reading. Grammar and vocabulary building are stressed with intensive review, writing practice and some reading on contemporary issues in German-speaking countries. Prerequisite: GERM 112 or equivalent.

Designed to acquaint the student with important periods of German literature, representative authors, and major cultural developments in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The course deals with literature and culture from the Early Middle Ages through the 18th century. Prerequisite: GERM 222 or consent of instructor.

Designed to acquaint the student with important periods of German literature, representative authors, and major cultural developments in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The course deals with literature and culture from the 19th century through the 1960's. Prerequisite: GERM 222 or consent of instructor.

THE NOVELLE

The German Novelle as a genre relating to various literary periods. Prerequisite: GERM 323 or 325, or consent of instructor.

418

ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

Intensive practice for advanced students who want to improve their spoken and written German. Includes work in oral comprehension, phonetics, pronunciation, oral and written composition, translation, and the development of the language and its relationship to English. Prerequisite: GERM 222 or consent of instructor.

GERMAN POETRY

A study of selected poets or the poetry of various literary periods. Possible topics include: Romantic poetry, Heine, Rilke, and selected contemporary poets. Prerequisite: GERM 323 or 325, or consent of instructor.

GOETHE

A study of the life and works of Goethe. Goethe’s significance in the Classical period and later. Readings in the major works. Prerequisite: GERM 323 or 325, or consent of instructor.

CONTEMPORARY GERMAN LITERATURE

Representative poets, novelists and dramatists of contemporary Germany, Switzerland and Austria covering the period from the 1960's to the present. Readings selected from writers such as: Böll, Brecht, Frisch, Dürrenmatt, Bichsel, Handke, Walser, Grass, Becker, and others. Prerequisite: GERM 323 or 325, or consent of instructor.

INTERNSHIP (See index)

INDEPENDENT STUDY (See index)

Examples of recent studies in German include Classicism, Germanic Mythology, Hermann Hesse, the dramas of Frisch and Dürrenmatt.

A major consists of 32 semester hours of SPAN courses numbered 111 and above or approved courses from a Study Abroad program. One course must focus on literature from Spain and one course must focus on literature from Spanish America. Eight semester hours must be at the 400 level, not including 449. Spanish majors must pass at least two semesters of FLL 449 and complete two of the additional requirements as explained under Capstone Experience on page 105. Students who wish to be certified for secondary teaching must complete the major with at least a 3.00 GPA and pass SPAN 221, 222, 311, 418, and FLL 338 (the latter with a grade of B or better).

SPAN 221, 222, and 311 satisfy the cultural diversity requirement. SPAN 323, 325, 418, and 424, when scheduled as W courses, count toward the writing intensive requirement.

A minor in Spanish consists of at least 16 semester hours of courses numbered 221 or above. Courses 111 and 112 may be counted toward the minor, but then the minor must con-sist of at least 20 semester hours of courses, 12 hours of which must be numbered 200 or above.

ELEMENTARY SPANISH

The aim of this sequence of courses is to acquire the fundamentals of the language with a view to using them. Regular practice in speaking, understanding, and reading.

INTERMEDIATE SPANISH

This sequence of courses reviews and develops the fundamentals of the language for immediate use in speaking, understanding, reading and writing with a view to building confidence in self-expression. Prerequisite: SPAN 102 or equivalent.

CONVERSATION, REVIEW, AND COMPOSITION

Intensive discussion and writing on a variety of subjects in conjunction with contemporary readings. Includes in-depth grammar review. Designed to provide greater breadth and fluency in spoken and written Spanish. Prerequisite: SPAN 112 or equivalent.

HISPANIC CULTURE

To introduce students to Spanish-speaking peoples—their values, customs and institutions, with reference to the geographic and historical forces governing present-day Spain and Spanish America. Prerequisite: SPAN 222 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

SPECIAL TOPICS OR AUTHORS IN LITERATURE

Examination of significant cultural or literary topics concerning the Spanish-speaking world. Possible topics or genres include: Latin American short stories; modern Spanish theatre; Latin American women writers; Chicano literature. Prerequisite: SPAN 222 or consent of the instructor. May be repeated for credit with consent of instructor.

SURVEY OF SPANISH LITERATURE AND CIVILIZATION

Designed to acquaint the student with important periods of Spanish literature, representative authors, and major socio-economic developments. The course deals with the literature from the Middle Ages to the present. Prerequisite: SPAN 222 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

Designed to acquaint the student with important periods of Spanish-American literature, representative authors, and major socio-economic developments. The course deals with the literature, especially the essay and poetry, from the 16th century to the present. Prerequisite: SPAN 222 or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

Intensive practice for advanced students who wish to improve their spoken and written Spanish. Includes work in oral comprehension, pronunciation, oral and written composition, and translation. Prerequisite: One SPAN course at the 300 level or consent of instructor. Alternate years.

SPANISH LITERATURE OF THE GOLDEN AGE

A study of representative works and principal literary figures in the poetry, prose, and drama of the 16th and 17th centuries. Prerequisite: SPAN 323 and 325, or consent of instructor.

SPECIAL TOPICS IN MODERN HISPANIC LITERATURE

Readings of important works in modern Spanish and/or Latin American literature. Reading selections may focus on a particular genre or they may be a combination of drama, poetry and prose. Possible topics include: Romanticism and realism in Spain and Latin America; the Modernist movement in Latin America; 20th century poetry; Lorca and the avant-garde; the Latin American novel; the literature of post-Franco Spain. Prerequisite: two Spanish courses at the 300 level, or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit with consent of instructor.

INTERNSHIP (See index)

INDEPENDENT STUDY (See index)

Recent studies include literary, linguistic, and cultural topics and themes such as urban problems as reflected in the modern novel.