Freshmen entering the College during the 2001-2002 academic year are subject to the requirements which appear on the following pages. Continuing students are subject to the Catalog in effect at the time of their entry unless they elect to complete the current curriculum. Students who transfer to the College with advanced standing will be subject to the requirements imposed upon other students at the College who have attained the same academic level.

Students already possessing a baccalaureate degree who are returning for a second degree will be reviewed on an individual basis by the Registrar and major department. Post-baccalaureate students will be subject to the current catalog, must complete all major requirements and related prerequisites, and may be required to complete the distribution requirements. This does not apply to non-degree students in certificate-only programs.

Students must complete the final 32 semester hours of the degree program at Lycoming College. At least 16 semester hours in the major program must be taken at Lycoming.

If a student interrupts his or her education but returns to the College after no more than one academic year has passed, he/she will retain the same requirements in effect at the initial date of entrance. A student who withdraws from the College for more than one year will, upon return, be required to complete the requirements currently imposed upon other students of the same academic level.

Lycoming College certifies three official graduation dates per calendar year: the May commencement date for those students who complete their degree requirements between January 1 and the conclusion of the Spring Semester; September 15 for those students who finish after the conclusion of the Spring Semester and by September 1; and January 1 for those students who finish between September 1 and the conclusion of the Fall Semester.

Lycoming’s Commencement ceremony occurs in May. Students will be permitted to participate in the ceremony when (a) they have finished all degree requirements as of the preceeding January 1, have finished all degree requirements as of the May date, or have a plan approved by the Registrar for finishing by September 1 of the same calendar year ; and (b) they are in good academic standing at the conclusion of their last semester prior to the ceremony.

Exceptions to or waivers of any requirements and/or policies listed in this Catalog must be made by the Committee on Academic Standards.

Lycoming College is committed to the principle that a liberal arts education is the ideal foundation for an informed and productive life. The liberal arts - including the fine arts, the humanities, mathematics, the natural and social sciences - have created the social, political, economic and intellectual systems which help define contemporary existence. Therefore, it is essential that students grasp the modes of inquiry and knowledge associated with these disciplines.

Consequently, the Bachelor of Arts degree is conferred upon the student who has completed an educational program incorporating the two principles of the liberal arts known as distribution and concentration. The objective of the distribution principle is to insure that the student achieves breadth in learning through the study of the major dimensions of human inquiry: the humanities, the social sciences, and the natural sciences. The objective of the concentration principle is to provide depth of learning through completion of a program of study in a given discipline or subject area known as the major. The effect of both principles is to impart knowledge, inspire inquiry, and encourage creative thought.

Every B.A. degree candidate is expected to meet the following requirements in order to qualify for graduation:

• Complete the distribution program
• Complete the Writing Across the Curriculum Program requirements.
• Earn one year of credit in Physical Activities, Wellness, and Community Service. Athletic training courses or Military Science 011, 021, 031, or 041 may satisfy this requirement.
• Complete a major consisting of at least eight unit courses (32 semester hours). Students must pass every course required for the major and have a minimum major grade point average of 2.00.
• Pass a minimum of 32 units (128 semester hours) with a minimum cumulative grade point average of 2.00. Additional credits beyond 128 semester hours may be completed provided that the minimum 2.00 cumulative average is maintained.
• Complete in residence the final eight courses (32 semester hours) offered for the degree at Lycoming.
• Satisfy all financial obligations incurred at the College.

The Bachelor of Science degree is available to students majoring in Biology, Chemistry, or Computer Science. Students may elect either the B.A. or the B.S. degree in these majors. The B.S. degree is appropriate for students planning further education in a graduate or professional school.

Every B.S. degree candidate is expected to meet the following requirements in order to qualify for graduation:

• Complete the B.S. major in either Biology, Chemistry, or Computer Science as described on page 68, 81 and 118 respectively. Students must pass every course required for the major and have a minimum major grade point average of 2.00.
• Complete the distribution program.
• Complete the Writing Across the Curriculum Program requirements.
• Earn one year of credit in Physical Activities, Wellness, and Community Service. Athletic Training courses or Military Science 011, 021, 031 or 041 may satisfy this requirement.
• Pass a minimum of 32 units (128 semester hours) with a minimum grade point average of 2.00. Additional credits beyond 128 semester hours may be completed provided that the minimum 2.00 cumulative average is maintained.
• Complete in residence the final eight courses (32 semester hours) offered for the degree at Lycoming.
• Satisfy all financial obligations incurred at the College.

The program of study leading to the Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree is designed to prepare men and women as beginning practitioners of professional nursing, qualified for first-level positions in a variety of health settings and for graduate study in nursing. Upon satisfactory completion of the program, a graduate is eligible to write the State Board of Nursing examination for licensure as a registered nurse. The goal of the program is to develop a liberally-educated and self-directed individual who is prepared to contribute to the welfare of the nation through the practice of professional nursing, which supports the promotion and restoration of the health of individuals and families in a variety of settings.

PROGRAM NOTE: The Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree will be discontinued as of August 2003. In order to enter the Nursing program, a student must complete all degree requirements (distribution, major, and electives) by the end of August 2003.

Every B.S.N. degree candidate is expected to meet the following requirements in order to qualify for graduation:

• Complete the Nursing major as described on page 130. Students must pass every course required for the major and have a minimum major grade point average of 2.00.
• Complete the distribution program.
• Complete the Writing Across the Curriculum Program requirements.
• Pass a minimum of 32 units (128 semester hours) with a minimum cumulative average of 2.00.
• Earn one year of credit in Physical Activities, Wellness and Community Service. Athletic training or Military Science 011, 021, 031 or 041 may satisfy this requirement.
• Complete in residence the final eight courses (32 semester hours) offered for the degree at Lycoming.
• Satisfy all financial obligations incurred at the College.

A course in any of the following distribution requirements refers to a full-unit course (four semester hours) taken at Lycoming, any appropriate combination of fractional unit courses taken at Lycoming which accumulate to four semester hours, any appropriate course which is taken by cross-registration, any appropriate course which is part of an approved off-campus program (such as those listed in the catalog sections titled COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS, SPECIAL ACADEMIC OPPORTUNITIES, and STUDY ABROAD PROGRAMS) or any approved course transferred from another institution.

Special distribution requirements which apply to students in the Lycoming Scholar Program appear on page 41. For information regarding CLEP and AP credit see page 24.

The following courses have been approved to be offered as cultural diversity courses and will be offered as such. Students must check semester class schedules to determine which courses are offered as "D" (cultural diversity) courses for that semester.

ART Art 222, 339
BUSINESS BUS 244, 319
ENGLISH ENGL 334
FRENCH FRN 228
GERMAN GERM 221, 222
HISTORY HIST 120, 140, 220 230, 240
MUSIC MUS 116, 128, 234
POLITICAL SCIENCE PSCI 221, 327, 340
PSYCHOLOGY PSY 341
RELIGION REL 110, 224, 225, 226, 228
SOCIOLOGY- SOC 229, 331, 334, ANTHROPOLOGY 335, 336, 337
SPANISH SPAN 221, 222, 311
THEATRE THEA 114, 212, 332, 333, 335, 410
WOMEN’S STUDIES WMST 200

The Lycoming College Writing Across the Curriculum Program has been developed in response to the conviction that writing skills promote intellectual growth and are a hallmark of the educated person. The program has therefore been designed to achieve two major, interrelated objectives:

1) to enhance student learning in general and subject mastery in particular, and
2) to develop students’ abilities to communicate clearly. In this program, students are given opportunities to write in a variety of contexts and in a substantial number of courses, in which they receive faculty guidance and reinforcement.

Students must successfully complete the following writing requirements:

1) ENGL 105 or exemption from the course.
2) ENGL 106 (Composition) or ENGL 107 (Honors Composition).
3) A writing component in all distribution courses completed at Lycoming.
4) Three courses designated as writing- intensive, or "W" courses.
• Successful completion of ENGL 106 or 107 is a prerequisite for enrollment in writing-intensive courses.
• All courses designated "W" are numbered 200 or above.
• One of the student’s "W" courses must be in his/her major (or one of the majors) or with departmental approval from a related department. Not all three can be from the same major.

The following courses have been approved to be offered as writing intensive courses and may be offered as such. Students must check semester class schedules to determine which courses are offered as "W" courses for that semester.

Accounting ACCT 223, 224, 442
AMERICAN STUDIES HIST 443
ART Art 222, 223, 331, 333, 334, 336, 339
ASTRONOMY ASTR 230
BIOLOGY BIO 222, 224
BUSINESS BUS 244, 330, 340, 342, 344, 441
CHEMISTRY CHEM 330, 331, 332
COMMUNICATION COMM 211, 326
COMPUTER SCIENCE CPTR 246, 247, 346, 448
CRIMINAL JUSTICE CJ 447, PHIL 218, SOC 222
ECONOMICS ECON 337, 440
EDUCATION EDUC 343, 344, 447
ENGLISH ENGL 225, 311, 331, 334, 335, 336, 420
FRENCH FRN 222
GERMAN GERM 431, 441
HISTORY HIST 218, 230, 247, 332, 335, 443, 449
INTERNATIONAL STUDIES   INST 449
MATHEMATICS MATH 234
MUSIC MUS 336
NEAR EAST CULTURE Art 222
NURSING NURS 221, 432/ 433, 435
PHILOSOPHY PHIL 216, 217, 218, 219, 301, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 340
PHYSICS PHYS 338, 447
POLITICAL SCIENCE PSCI 334, 400
PSYCHOLOGY PSY 225, 324, 333, 431, 432, 436
RELIGION REL 230, 331, 337
SOCIOLOGY- SOC 222, 228, 229, ANTHROPOLOGY 230, 331
SPANISH SPAN 323, 418, 424, 426
THEATRE THEA 212, 332, 333

This program is designed to promote students’ physical welfare, health awareness, and to encourage a sense of civic responsibility.

Students must pass any combination of two semesters of course work selected from the following:

1. Designated physical activities courses,
2. Designated varsity athletics,
3. Designated wellness courses,
4. Designated community service projects,
 5. Designated military science courses.

Students are required to complete a series of courses in one departmental or interdisciplinary (established or individual) major. Specific course requirements for each major offered by the College are listed in the curriculum section of this catalog. Students must earn a 2.00 or higher cumulative grade point average in the major. Students must declare a major by the beginning of their junior year. Departmental and established interdisciplinary majors are declared in the Office of the Registrar, whereas individual interdisciplinary majors must be approved by the Committee on Curriculum Development. Students may complete more than one major, each of which will be recorded on the transcript. Students may be removed from major status if they are not making satisfactory progress in their major. This action is taken by the Dean of the College upon the recommendation of the department, coordinating committee (for established interdisciplinary majors), or Curriculum Development Committee (for individual interdisciplinary majors). The decision of the Dean of the College may be appealed to the Committee on Academic Standards by the student involved or by the recommending department or committee. Students pursuing majors in two different degrees are subject to the policy for dual degrees on page 29.

Departmental Majors — The following Departmental majors are available:

Accounting
Art History
Art Studio
Astronomy
Biology
Business Administration
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Economics
English
French
German
History
Mathematics
Music
Nursing *
Philosophy
Physics
Political Science
Psychology
Religion
Sociology-Anthropology
Spanish
Theatre

Established Interdisciplinary Majors — The following established interdisciplinary majors include course work in two or more departments:

Accounting-Mathematical Sciences
Actuarial Mathematics
American Studies
Criminal Justice
International Studies Literature Near East Culture and Archaeology

Individual Interdisciplinary Majors — Students may design majors which are unique to their needs and objectives and which combine course work in more than one department. These majors are developed in consultation with students' faculty advisors and with a panel of faculty members from each of the sponsoring departments. The applications are acted upon by the Curriculum Development Committee. The major normally consists of 10 courses beyond those taken to satisfy the distribution requirements. Students are expected to complete at least six courses at the junior or senior level. Examples of individual interdisciplinary majors are: Legal Studies, Western History and Archaeology, Women and the Legal System, and Religion and Marketing.

The College awards two kinds of minors, departmental and interdisciplinary, in recognition of concentrated course work in an area other than the student’s major. All minors are subject to the following limitations:

• A minor must include at least two courses which are not counted in the student’s major.
• A student may receive at most two minors.
• Students with two majors may receive only one minor; students with three majors may not receive a minor.
• Students may not receive a minor in their major discipline unless their major discipline is Art and the minor is Art History or their major is Biology and the minor is Environmental Science. (A discipline is any course of study in which a student can major. Tracks within majors are not separate disciplines.)
• A student may not receive a minor unless his/her average in the courses which count for his/her minor is a minimum of 2.00.
• Courses taken P/F may not be counted toward a minor.

Students must declare their intention to minor by signing a form available in the Registrar’s Office, obtaining required faculty signatures, and returning the completed form to the Office of the Registrar.

When students complete a minor, the title will be indicated on their official transcript. Students must meet the requirements for the minor which are in effect at the time they declare a minor or which are in effect subsequent to that time before they graduate.

Departmental Minors — Requirements for a departmental minor vary from department to department. Students interested in pursuing a departmental minor should consult that department for its policy regarding minors.

Interdisciplinary Minors — Interdisciplinary minors include course work in two or more departments. Students interested in interdisciplinary minors should consult the faculty coordinator of that minor. Interdisciplinary minors are available in the following areas: BIBLICAL LANGUAGES, CRIMINAL JUSTICE, and WOMEN’S STUDIES.

provide the best preparation for future teachers. Thus, all education students complete a liberal arts major in addition to the Lycoming College Teacher Education Certificate requirements. Students can be certified in elementary education or one or more of the following secondary areas: art (K-12), biology, chemistry, English, French, general science (with biology or astronomy/physics tracks), German, mathematics, music (K-12), physics, social studies, and Spanish. All teacher education programs are approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Pennsylvania certificates are recognized in most other states either through reciprocal agreements or by transcript evaluation. See the Education Department listing on page 96.

Preparation for Health Professions — The program of pre-professional education for the health professions (allopathic, dental, osteopathic, podiatric and veterinary medicine; optometry, and pharmacy) is organized around a sound foundation in biology, chemistry, mathematics, and physics and a wide range of subject matter from the humanities, social sciences, and fine arts. At least three years of undergraduate study is recommended before entry into a professional school; the normal procedure is to complete the Bachelor of Arts degree.

Students interested in one of the health professions or in an allied health career should make their intentions known to the Admissions Office when applying and to the Health

Professions Advisory Committee (HPAC) during their first semester (see page 45).

Preparation for Legal Professions — Lycoming offers a strong preparation for students interested in law as a profession. Admission to law school is not predicated upon a particular major or area of study; rather, a student is encouraged to design a course of study (traditional or interdisciplinary major) which is of personal interest and significance. While no specific major is recommended, there are certain skills of particular relevance to the pre-law student: clear writing, analytical thinking, and reading comprehension. These skills should be developed during the undergraduate years.

Pre-law students should register with the Legal Professions Advisory Committee (LPAC) during their first semester (see page 45).

Preparation for Theological Professions — Students preparing to attend a theological seminary should examine the suggestions set down by the Association of Theological Schools. It is recommended that students pursue a broad program in the liberal arts with a major in one of the humanities (English, history, languages, literature, philosophy, religion) or one of the social sciences (American studies, criminal justice, economics, international studies, political science, psychology, sociology-anthropology). Students preparing for a career in religious education should major in religion and elect five or six courses in psychology, education and sociology. This program of study will qualify students to work as educational assistants or directors of religious education after graduate study in a theological seminary.

Students should register with the Theological Professions Advisory Committee (TPAC) during their first semester. TPAC acts as a "center" for students, faculty, and clergy to discuss the needs of students who want to prepare themselves for the ministry, religious education, advanced training in religion, or related vocations (see page 45).

Lycoming has developed several cooperative programs to provide students with opport- unities to extend their knowledge, abilities, and talents in selected areas through access to the specialized academic programs and facilities of other colleges, universities, academies and hospitals. Although thorough advising and curricular planning are provided for each of the cooperative programs, admission to Lycoming and registration in the program of choice do not guarantee admission to the cooperating institution. The prerogative of admitting students to the cooperative aspect of the program rests with the cooperating institution. Students who are interested in a cooperative program should contact the coordinator during the first week of the first semester of their enrollment at Lycoming. This is necessary to plan their course programs in a manner that will ensure completion of required courses according to the schedule stipulated for the program. All cooperative programs require special coordination of course scheduling at Lycoming.

Engineering — Combining the advantages of a liberal arts education and the technical training of an engineering curriculum, this program is offered in conjunction with The Pennsylvania State University and Washington University at St. Louis. Students complete three years of study at Lycoming and two years at the cooperating university. Upon satisfactory completion of the first year of engineering studies, Lycoming awards a Bachelor of Arts degree. When students successfully complete the second year of engineering studies, the cooperating university awards a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering.

At Lycoming, students complete the distribution program and courses in physics, mathematics, and chemistry. The Pennsylvania State University offers aerospace, agricultural, ceramic, chemical, civil, computer, electrical, engineering science, industrial, mechanical, mining and nuclear engineering. Similar offerings are available at Washington University at St. Louis.

Forestry or Environmental Studies —

Lycoming College offers a cooperative program with Duke University in environmental management and forestry. Qualified students can earn the baccalaureate and master degrees in five years, spending three years at Lycoming and two years at Duke. All Lycoming distribution and major requirements must be completed by the end of the junior year. At the end of the first year at Duke, a baccalaureate degree will be awarded by Lycoming. Duke will award the professional degree of Master of Forestry or Master of Environmental Management to qualified candidates at the end of the second year.

The major program emphases at Duke are Forest Resource Management, Resource Economics and Policy, and Resource Ecology.

The program is flexible enough, however, to accommodate a variety of individual designs. An undergraduate major in one of the natural sciences, social sciences, or business may provide good preparation for the programs at Duke, but a student with any undergraduate concentration will be considered for admission. All students need at least two courses each in biology, mathematics, and economics.

Students begin the program at Duke in July after their junior year at Lycoming with a one-month session of field work in natural resource management. They must complete a total of 48 units which generally takes four semesters.

Some students prefer to complete the baccalaureate degree before undertaking graduate study at Duke. The master degree requirements for these students are the same as for those students entering after the junior year, but the 48-unit requirement may be reduced for completed relevant undergraduate work of satisfactory quality. All credit reductions are determined individually and consider the students' educational background and objectives.

Medical Technology - Students desiring a career in medical technology may either complete a Bachelor of Arts or a Bachelor of Science program followed by a clinical internship at any hospital accredited by the American Medical Association, or they may complete the cooperative program. Students electing the cooperative program normally study for three years at Lycoming, during which time they complete 24 unit courses, including the College distribution requirements, a major, and requirements of the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS). The current requirements of the NAACLS are: four courses in chemistry (one of which must be either organic or biochemistry); four courses in biology (including courses in microbiology and immunology), and one course in mathematics.

Students in the cooperative program usually major in biology, following a modified major of six unit courses that exempts them from Ecology (BIO 224) and Plant Sciences (BIO 225). Students must take either Microbiology (BIO 321) or Microbiology for the Health Sciences (BIO 226), and either Human Physiology (BIO 323) or Cell Biology (BIO 435). The cooperative program requires successful completion of a one-year internship at a hospital accredited by the American Medical Association. Lycoming is affiliated with the following accredited hospitals: Divine Providence, Rolling Hill, Robert Packer, Lancaster, and Abington. Students in the cooperative program receive credit at Lycoming for each of eight courses in biology and chemistry successfully completed during the clinical internship. Successful completion of the Registry Examination is not considered a graduation requirement at Lycoming College.

Students entering a clinical internship for one year after graduation from Lycoming must complete all of the requirements of the cooperative program, but are not eligible for the biology major exemptions indicated above. Upon graduation, such students may apply for admission to a clinical program at any hospital.

Optometry — Through the Accelerated Optometry Education Curriculum Program, students interested in a career in optometry may qualify for admission to the Pennsylvania College of Optometry after only three years at Lycoming College.

After four years at the Pennsylvania College of Optometry, a student will earn a Doctor of Optometry degree. Selection of candidates for the professional segment of the program is completed by the admissions committee of the Pennsylvania College of Optometry during the student’s third year at Lycoming. (This is one of two routes that students may choose. Any student, of course, may follow the regular application procedures for admission to the Pennsylvania College of Optometry or another college of optometry to matriculate following completion of his or her baccalaureate program.) During the three years at Lycoming College, the student will complete 24 unit courses, including all distribution requirements, and will prepare for his or her professional training by obtaining a solid foundation in biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics. During the first year of study at the Pennsylvania College of Optometry, the student will take 39 semester hours of basic science courses in addition to introductions to optometry and health care. Successful completion of the first year of professional training will complete the course requirements for the B.A. degree at Lycoming College.

Most students will find it convenient to major in biology in order to satisfy the requirements of Lycoming College and the Pennsylvania College of Optometry. Such students are allowed to complete a modified biology major which will exempt them from two biology courses: Ecology (BIO 224) and Plant Sciences (BIO 225). (This modified major requires the successful completion of the initial year at the Pennsylvania College of Optometry.) Students desiring other majors must coordinate their plans with the Health Professions Advisory Committee in order to ensure that they have satisfied all requirements.

Podiatry — Students interested in podiatry may either seek admission to a college of podiatric medicine upon completion of the Bachelor of Arts degree or through the Accelerated Podiatric Medical Education Curriculum Program (APMEC). The latter program provides an opportunity for students to qualify for admission to the Pennsylvania College of Podiatric Medicine (PCPM) or the Ohio College of Podiatric Medicine (OCPM) after three years of study at Lycoming. At Lycoming, students in the APMEC program must successfully complete 24 unit courses, including the distribution requirements and a basic foundation in biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics. During the first year of study at PCPM or OCPM, students must successfully complete a program of basic science courses and an introduction to podiatry. Successful completion of the first year of professional training will contribute toward the fulfillment of the course requirements for a Bachelor of Arts degree at Lycoming.

Students in the cooperative program who major in biology will be allowed to complete a modified major which will exempt them from two biology courses: Ecology (BIO 224) and Plant Sciences (BIO 225). This modified major requires the successful completion of the initial year at PCPM or OCPM.

Students interested in a career in podiatric medicine should indicate their intentions to the Health Professions Advisory Committee.

Students successfully completing the advanced course and advanced summer camp between the junior and senior years will qualify for a commission as a Second Lieutenant in the United States Army upon graduation, and will incur a service obligation in the active Army or Army Reserves. The only expense to the student for this program is the $75 uniform deposit, which is refundable, less costs.

The Lycoming College Scholar Program is a special program designed to meet the needs and aspirations of highly motivated students of superior intellectual ability. The Lycoming Scholar satisfies the College's distribution requirements, generally on a more exacting level and with more challenging courses than the average student. Lycoming Scholars also participate in special interdisciplinary seminars and in serious independent study culminating in a senior project. Scholars may audit a fifth course each semester at no additional cost. In addition, Scholars may be exempted from the usual limitations on independent studies by the Individual Studies Committee.

Students are admitted to the program by invitation of the Scholar Council, the group which oversees the program. The council consists of a director and four other faculty selected by the Dean of the College, and four students elected by current scholars. The guidelines governing selection of new scholars are flexible; academic excellence, intellectual curiosity, and creativity are all taken into account. Students who desire to participate in the Scholar Program but are not invited may petition the Scholar Council for consideration. Petitioning students should provide the Scholar Council with letters of recommendation from Lycoming faculty and a transcript to be sent to the director of the Scholar Program.

To remain in the program, students must maintain a cumulative average of 3.00 or better. Students who drop below this average will be placed on Scholar probation for one semester. After one semester, they will be asked to leave the program if their GPA has not returned to 3.00 or higher. To graduate as a Scholar, a student must have at least a 3.00 cumulative average. Scholars must successfully complete five Lycoming Scholars Seminars, as well as the non-credit Senior Scholar Seminar in which they present the results of their independent studies. In addition, the following distribution requirements must be met.

A. English - Scholars must complete ENGL 106 or ENGL 107. The Scholar Council strongly recommends that qualified scholars enroll in ENGL 107 if scheduling permits. ENGL 106 or 107 must be taken during the freshman year.
B. Fine Arts - Scholars are required to pass two courses (or the equivalent) from the following: Art: Art 111, 115, 220 or higher; Music: MUS 117, 135 or higher; Theatre: THEA 114 or higher, excluding THEA 148; Creative Writing: ENGL 240, 322, 342, 411, 412, 441 or 442; Literature: Any English Literature course (except ENGL 215) and the literature courses of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures (French, German, or Spanish).
C. Foreign Language - Scholars are required to pass a course in French, German, Greek, Hebrew, or Spanish numbered 111 or higher. Placement at the appropriate course level will be determined by the faculty of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures. Scholars who have completed two or more years of a given language in high school are not admitted for credit to the elementary course in the same foreign language except by written permission of the chairman of the department.
D. Humanities - Scholars are required to pass four courses from three of the following disciplines: History: any course numbered 200 or higher; Literature: any English literature course (except ENGL 215) and the literature courses of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures (French, German, or Spanish); Philosophy: any course numbered 200 or higher; Religion: any course numbered 222 or higher.
E. Mathematics - Scholars must earn at least a grade of B (3.00) in one of MATH 103, 106, 109, 112, or CPTR 108; or successfully complete one of MATH 116, 128, 129, 130, or 214.
F. Natural Sciences - Scholars are required to pass two laboratory courses from the following: Astronomy/Physics: any course numbered 111 or higher; Biology: any course numbered 110 or higher; Chemistry: any course numbered 110 or higher.
G. Social Sciences - Scholars are required to pass two courses from the following: Economics: any course numbered 110 or higher; Political Science: any course numbered 106 or higher; Psychology: PSY 110 or any other PSY course numbered 225 or higher. Sociology-Anthropology: any course from 110, 220, 229, 300 or higher.
H. Cultural Diversity - Scholars are required to pass one designated course which introduces students to Cultural Diversity which is distinct from the dominant western culture. Approaches to study may be artistic, historical, sociological, anthropological, international, psychological, or issues oriented. The course selected to fulfill this requirement may also be used to satisfy one of the other general education requirements in the liberal arts.
I. Writing Across the Curriculum. This requirement is the same as that stipulated by the College for all students.
J. Physical Activities, Wellness and Community Service. This requirement is the same as that stipulated by the College for all students.
K. Lycoming Scholar Seminars — Team- taught interdisciplinary seminars are held every semester under the direction of the Lycoming Scholar Council. They meet for one hour each week (Tuesdays at noon) and carry one hour of credit. Grades are "A/F" and are based on students’ performance. Lycoming Scholars are required to successfully complete five seminars and they are permitted to register for as many as eight. Topics for each academic year will be selected by the Scholar Council and announced before spring registration of the previous year. Students must be accepted into the Scholar Program before they enroll in a Scholar Seminar. Scholars are strongly urged to register for a least one seminar during the freshman year.
L. Senior Project — In the senior year, scholars must successfully complete an independent studies or departmental honors project which has been approved in advance by the Independent Studies Committee and the Scholar Council. This project must be presented orally as part of the Senior Scholar Seminar and be accepted by the Scholar Council.
M. Major — Scholars must complete a major and 32 units (128 semester hours), exclusive of the Senior Scholar Seminar.

Note to Transfer Students — In the case of transfer students and those who seek to enter the program after their freshman year and in other cases deemed by the Scholar Council to involve special or extraordinary circumstances, the Council shall make adjustments to the scholar distribution requirements provided that in all cases such exceptions and adjustments would still satisfy the regular College distribution requirements.

The IMS sponsors a Management Scholars Program for academically talented students in the three IMS departments. To join the Management Scholars Program, a student must satisfy the following criteria:

a) Have a declared major or minor in one or more of the IMS departments. However, the IMS Director may invite or permit other students to join the Management Scholars Program who do not meet this criteria, such as freshmen who have not yet declared a major or minor.
b) Have an overall GPA of 3.25 or higher, or exhibit strong academic potential if the student is a first-semester freshman.

To graduate as a Management Scholar, a student must meet the following criteria:

a) Successfully complete two semester- hours of Management Scholar Seminars.
b) Successfully complete a major or minor in one of the three IMS departments.
c) Graduate with a GPA of 3.25 or higher in both overall college work, and within an IMS major and/or minor.
d) Successfully complete an appropriate internship, practicum or independent study, or complete a special project approved by the IMS Director.

At least one Management Scholar Seminar is taught per academic year on an interdisciplinary topic of relevance to students in all three IMS departments. The seminars are offered as one semester-hour courses and do not result in overload charges for full-time students.

Students who are currently Lycoming College Scholars may also become Management Scholars and participate in both programs.

The Department of Nursing offers a program for those students who excel academically. To graduate as a Nursing Scholar, a student must:

a. Demonstrate continued participation in activities sponsored by the Center for Nursing Excellence (CNE).
b. Achieve a GPA of 3.25 or higher in both overall college work and within the nursing major.
c. Successfully complete an approved intern- ship, practicum, or independent or honors study.
d. Demonstrate those qualities most becoming a professional nurse, including a commitment to the profession and community service.

Students who are Lycoming College Scholars may become Nursing Scholars and participate in both programs.

Honors projects are normally undertaken only in a student’s major, and are available only to exceptionally well-qualified students who have a solid background in the area of the project and are capable of considerable self-direction and have a GPA of at least 3.00. The prerequisites for registration in an honors program are as follows:

• A faculty member from the department(s) in which the honors project is to be under- taken must agree to be the director and must secure departmental approval of the project.
• The director, in consultation with the student, must convene a committee consisting of two faculty members from the department in which the project is to be undertaken, one of whom is the director of the project, and one faculty member from each of two other departments related to the subject matter of the study.
• The Honors Committee must then certify by their signatures on the application that the project in question is academically legitimate and worthy of pursuit as an honors project, and that the student in question is qualified to pursue the project.
• The project must be approved by the Committee on Individual Studies.

Students successfully complete honors projects by satisfying the following conditions in accordance with guidelines established by the Committee on Individual Studies:

• The student must produce a substantial research paper, critical study, or creative project. If the end product is a creative project, a critical paper analyzing the techniques and principles employed and the nature of the achievement represented in the project shall be also submitted.
• The student must successfully explain and defend the work in a final oral examination given by the honors committee.
• The Honors Committee must certify that the student has successfully defended the project, and that the student’s achievement is clearly superior to that which would ordinarily be required to earn a grade of "A" in a regular independent studies course.
• The Committee on Individual Studies must certify that the student has satisfied all of the conditions mentioned above.

Except in unusual circumstances, honors projects are expected to involve independent study in two consecutive unit courses.

One advantage of a small college is the direct, personal contact between a student and the College faculty who care about that student’s personal, academic, and professional aspirations. The student can draw upon their years of experience to resolve questions about social adjustment, workload, study skills, tutoring and more. Perhaps the member of the faculty with the most impact on a student is the academic advisor.

The freshman advisor, whom the student meets at summer orientation, assists with course selection by providing accurate information about requirements, programs and career options. Advisors help students to identify other campus resources. Health Services can supply counseling support for students with personal adjustment issues.

During the sophomore year, the student must choose a major and select an advisor from the major department. The new advisor, while serving as a resource, can best advise that student about course selection and career opportunities.

Advisors at Lycoming endeavor to contribute to students’ development in yet another way. They insist that students assume full responsibility for their decisions and academic progress. By doing so, they help to prepare them for the harder choices and responsibilities of the professional world.

Also, Lycoming provides special advising programs for careers in medicine, law and religion. Interested students should register with the appropriate advisory committee immediately after deciding to enter one of these professions.

See the Education Department listing on page 96.

Preparation for Health Professions — Students interested in one of the health professions or in an allied health career should make their intentions know to the Admissions Office when applying and to the Health Professions Advisory Committee (HPAC) during their first semester. This committee advises students concerning preparation for and application to health-professions schools. All pre-health professions students are invited to join the student Pre-Health Professions Association. See also descriptions of the nursing program and of the cooperative programs in podiatric medicine, optometry, and medical technology.

Preparation for Legal Professions — Students interested in pre-law should register with the Legal Professions Advisory Committee (LPAC) during their first semester and should join the Pre-Law Society on campus. LPAC assists the pre-law student through advising, compilation of recommendations, and dissemination of information and materials about law and the legal profession. The Pre-Law Society sponsors films, speakers, and field trips including visits to law school campuses.

Preparation for Theological Professions — Students who plan to investigate the religious

vocations should register with the Theological Professions Advisory Committee (TPAC) during their first semester. TPAC acts as a "center" for students, faculty, and clergy to discuss the needs of students who want to prepare themselves for the ministry, religious education, advanced training in religion, or related vocations. Also, it may help coordinate internships for students who desire practical experience in the parish ministry or related areas.

Daniel Hartsock, Director

The Academic Resource Center, located on the second floor of the Fine Arts Building, provides a variety of free services to the campus community.

Writing Center — Working one-on- one, Writing Tutors use questioning techniques to help others improve individual papers while developing confidence and independence as writers. Other services include the Paper File, a file of graded essays maintained by course; the Writing Room, a quiet place for writers to work; self-paced, computer assisted typing instruction; and the Documentation Style Manual for use when citing sources on research projects.

Tutoring Center — The ARC provides one-on-one peer tutoring in math, foreign languages, and sciences on a walk-in basis and peer tutoring by arrangement in other subjects. Tutors assist students with homework assignments and exam review.

Survival Skills Program — The ARC and volunteer faculty conduct a group of study skills workshops on time management, note-taking from lectures, reading textbooks, successful study techniques and Microsoft Word.

A seven-week course, the workshop introduces students to a variety of topics important to student success. Among these are time management, learning styles, motivation, highlighting text, note-taking, and word-processing. Topics will be selected to meet students’ needs. ARC 100 is highly recommended for students who, in consultation with their academic advisors, choose to improve their academic skills. This noncredit course will be graded on a pass/fail basis.

Lycoming College believes a student’s freshman year needs structure and support. This office serves as a focal point for the freshman and his or her family.

Freshman Orientation — The purpose of this required program is to acquaint new students and their families more fully with the College so that they can begin their Lycoming experience under the most favorable circumstances. Students sit for placement tests, confer with their academic advisors, preregister for fall classes, and become acquainted with their classmates.

First Weekend — Begins the day freshmen arrive with New Student Convocation. The weekend activities include academic success, career, library and financial aid workshops along with social events.

Information and Support — Students and their families find the Office of the Assistant Dean for Freshmen an accessible resource to resolving problems, developing solutions, coordinating services and enabling student success.

Student and Family newsletters are provided during the year.

The College continues to provide academic counseling and support as students move into the sophomore year. The Assistant Dean for Sophomores meets individually with second year students and, in cooperation with the Assistant Dean for Freshmen, conducts small group retreats and other meetings. These efforts are designed to alert students to their circumstances, to help them explore options, to motivate them to achieve their academic aspirations, and to provide them with useful strategies and resources for success.

In addition, the Sophomore Dean assists Sophomore Class Officers in planning events, consults with students on a variety of personal and social concerns, surveys the Class to learn their opinions about the Freshman Year at Lycoming, and engages in a variety of other activities involving the welfare of our sophomore students.

Summer Sessions I and II — These two successive five-week academic terms offer the opportunity for students to complete intern- ships, independent studies and semester courses.

Independent Studies — Independent studies are available to any qualified student who wishes to engage in and receive academic credit for any academically legitimate course of study for which he or she could not other- wise receive credit. It may be pursued at any level (introductory, intermediate, or advanced) and in any department, whether or not the student is a major in that department. An independent studies project may either duplicate a catalogue course or be completely different from any catalog course. In order for a student to be registered in any independent study course, the following conditions must be satisfied:

1) An appropriate member of the faculty must agree to supervise the project and must certify by signing the application form that the project involves an amount of legitimate academic work appropriate for the amount of academic credit requested and that the student in question is qualified to pursue the project.
2) The studies project must be approved by the chair of the department in which the studies project is to be undertaken. In the case of catalog courses, all department members must approve offering the catalog course as an independent studies course.
3) After the project is approved by the instructor and the chair of the appropriate department, the studies project must be approved by the Committee on Individual Studies.

Participation in independent studies projects which do not duplicate catalog courses is subject to the following:

• Students undertaking independent studies projects must have a GPA of at least 2.50.
• Students may not engage in more than one independent studies project during any given semester.
• Students may not engage in more than two independent studies projects during their academic careers at Lycoming College.
• The Individual Studies Committee may exempt members of the Lycoming College Scholar Program from these two limitations.

As with other academic policies, any other exceptions to these two rules must be approved by the Committee on Academic Standards.

Internship Program — An internship is a course jointly sponsored by the College and a public or private agency or subdivision of the College in which a student is able to earn college credit by participating in some active capacity as an assistant, aide, or apprentice. At least one-half of the effort expended by the intern should consist of academic work related to agency situations. The objectives of the internship program are:

1) to further the development of a central core of values, awarenesses, strategies, skills, and information through experiences outside the classroom or other campus situations, and
2) to facilitate the integration of theory and practice by encouraging students to relate their on-campus academic experiences more directly to society in general and to possible career and other post-baccalaureate objectives in particular.

Any junior or senior student in good academic standing may petition the Committee on Individual Studies for approval to serve as an intern. A maximum of 16 credits can be earned through internships, practica, and/or student teaching. Guidelines for program development, assignment of tasks and academic requirements, such as exams, papers, reports, grades, etc., are established in consultation with a faculty director at Lycoming and an agency supervisor at the place of internship.

Students with diverse majors have participated in a wide variety of internships, including ones with NBC Television in New York City, the Allenwood Federal Prison Camp, Pennsylvania State Department of Environmental Resources, Lycoming County Historical Society, the American Cancer Society, business and accounting firms, law offices, hospitals, social service agencies, banks and Congressional offices.

Practica — Practica are offered in Accounting, Biology, Business, Communication, Criminal Justice, Economics, Education, IMS, and Psychology. These courses require 10 to 12 hours of work per week in a business, agency, or organization in addition to classroom time. A maximum of 16 credits can be earned through practica, internships, and/or student teaching.

Teacher Intern Program — The purpose of the Teacher Intern Program is to provide individuals who have completed a baccalaureate degree with the opportunity to become certified teachers through on-the-job training. Interns can earn a Lycoming College Teacher Education Certificate and be certified by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in elementary education or one or more of the following secondary areas: art, biology, chemistry, English, French, general science (with biology or astronomy/physics tracks), German, mathematics, music, physics, social studies, and Spanish.

Interested individuals should file a formal application with the Education Department for admission to the Intern Program. Upon completion of the application process, interns receive a letter of Intern Candidacy from the Pennsylvania Department of Education which the candidate then uses to apply for a teaching position. Necessary professional coursework can be completed prior to the teaching experience when individuals obtain teaching position. (See Education Department on page 96 for course listing.)

The Philadelphia Urban Semester — A full semester liberal arts program for professional development and field study is available to Lycoming students. The program is open to juniors majoring in any discipline or program. The Philadelphia Urban Semester is sponsored and administered by the Great Lakes Colleges Association.

Washington Semester — With the consent of the Department of Political Science and the Registrar, selected students are permitted to study in Washington, D.C., at The American University for one semester. They may choose from seven different programs: Washington Semester, Urban Semester, Foreign Policy Semester, International Development Semester, Economic Policy Semester, Science and Technology Semester, or American Studies Semester.

United Nations Semester — With the consent of either the Department of History or Political Science and the Registrar, selected students may enroll at Drew University in Madison, New Jersey, in the United Nations Semester, which is designed to provide a first-hand acquaintance with the world organization. Students with special interests in world history, international relations, law, and politics are eligible to participate.

Capitol Semester Internship Program — This program is available to eligible students on a competitive basis. The program is co-sponsored by Pennsylvania’s Office of Administration and Department of Education. Paid internships are available to students in most majors. Interested students should contact the Career Development Center for additional information.

Students are encouraged to participate in a variety of study abroad programs sponsored by affiliates or other institutions. Students who intend to study abroad must have a cumulative grade point average of 2.50 or higher. Study abroad opportunities range from summer sessions to a full semester or academic year overseas. All overseas programs require prior approval from the students’ major departments, the Study Abroad Coordinator, and the Registrar. Applications are available in the Office of the Registrar.

Programs Sponsored by Other Institutions Lycoming students have taken advantage of opportunities offered by other institutions in countries such as Australia, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Spain, and Sweden. Information regarding these and other programs are available in the Career Development Center, the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, and from the Study Abroad Coordinator.

Student Teaching Abroad — Lycoming College has established a cooperative program with Moorhead State University enabling teacher education students to do all or part of their student teaching in a foreign country.

This program offers exceptional students the opportunity to student teach in nearly any country in the world. Students are placed in independent international schools where English is the instructional language. An effort is made to assign students to geographical areas that will enrich their backgrounds, serve their special interests and expand their cultural horizons.